Ornamental The Green Horticulture Industry Michel-Antoine Renaud Policy Analyst International Trade, Plant Health and Quarantine Flowers Canada Growers Business and Biodiversity Conservation Canadian Business and Biodiversity Council 2011 National Workshop Toronto, ON November 24, 2011
An Alliance of Three Ornamental Partners Canadian Nursery Landscape Association Association Canadienne des Pépiniéristes et des Paysagistes Flowers Canada Growers Fleur Canada Production Fédération Interdisciplinaire Ornementale du Québec Québec Interdisciplinary Federation of de l Horticulture Ornamental Horticulture
Outline The Canadian Floriculture sector Overview of measures in place Systems approaches, sustainable strategies in international trade
Sector Profile: Floriculture Approximately 350 commercial greenhouse flower growers in Canada with 22,160 employees 90 million ft 2 in production (2,050 acres) 4 categories including over 1,500 species Potted plants Cut flowers Bedding plants Propagation $ 674 MM $ 138 MM $ 176 MM $63 MM 219 MM 261 MM 499 MM 96 MM
Sector Profile: Floriculture I n 2010, Floriculture realized $1.37 Billion in farm gate s ales, representing 3.4% of the $40 billion in market r eceipts of primary agriculture.
Characteristics of Global Production 21 st century flower production is globalized Propagation material imported internationally Current varieties are bred in one country, multiplied in another, grown in a third one and consumed in a forth one. Production through multiple facilities Extensive transportation Cold Chain and Preservatives
Native Plants Use of native plants Re-vegetation of riparian Communication tools for home owners to select proper plants Solution to blue- green algae
Sustainable Sites Initiative A LEED Rating System for Landscapes Landscapes are awarded points based on their proximity to public transportation, use of energy efficient materials, waste treatment, water use, etc.
Pest Management Strategies Long been dominated by quests for silver bullet products to control pest outbreaks. Pesticides Quarantine Prohibition Long term resolutions can be achieved Restructuring and managing systems Maximize the array of built- in strengths preventive W. J. Lewis, et al., A total system approach to sustainable pest management, PNAS November 11, 1997 vol. 94 no. 23 12243-12248
Modern Pest Control Satisfactory solutions to pest problems requires a shift to Understanding and occurring biological promoting naturally agents Inherent strengths as components of total agricultural ecosystems Designing cropping systems so that these natural forces keep the pests within acceptable bounds. W. J. Lewis, et al., A total system approach to sustainable pest management, PNAS November 11, 1997 vol. 94 no. 23 12243-12248
Biological Control Used in 90% of o rnamental greenhouses in Canada Widespread use of biocontrols Limited number of effective pesticide options Strong desire to reduce pesticide risks to applicators and the public Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Integrating the use of biological and other controls in complementary ways
The Role of CFIA The Canadian Food Inspection Agency s (CFIA s) Plant Health Division is responsible for plant pest risk management. For invasive alien species that fall within the scope of the International Plant Protection Convention The CFIA s legal authority to regulate invasive alien species (quarantine pests) World Trade Organization s Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, measures should be based on international standards as appropriate and where they exist
Plant protection strategies For invasive alien approaches : species, there are four broad e xclusion (and prohibition of import of the pest or its pathway) if the pest is absent from the country e radication (and continued prohibition of import) immediately following entry of a pest if feasible c ontainment (and official control) for situations where eradication is not feasible deregulation or classification as a regulated non- quarantine pest (if the IPPC criteria for regulated non- q uarantine pest are met) should the above approaches fail or be deemed not appropriate after review.
International Trade of Plants To meet an importing country's plant protection requirements, shipments of greenhouse- grown plants normally require a Phytosanitary Certificate. Greenhouse plants grown under effective pest management pose a low risk of spreading pests and diseases, and significant inspection costs may be associated with the phytosanitary certification of individual shipments. To achieve efficiencies, CFIA and the USDA e xamined o ther means of mitigating pest risk for greenhouse- grown plants.
Systems Approaches S ystems Approaches for r isks in traded plants: the management I ntegration into the regulated pathway of different r isk management measures (at l east two) A c hieve the appropriate level of protection against regulated pests. International standard for the use of integrated measures in a Systems Approach for pest risk management adopted by the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) (ISPM No. 14) of pest
Systems Approaches P rovide a n equivalent alternative to procedures s uch as: D isinfestation treatments R eplace more restrictive measures like prohibition. A chieved by considering the c ombined effect of different conditions and procedures. Opportunity to consider both pre- and post harvest procedures that may contribute to the e ffective management of pest risk. I n tegration o f measures may b e less trade restrictive than other risk management options
Criteria 1. Host Factors: R elative susceptibility of crops ( Susceptibility Index) Healthy planting material 2. Pest Prevalence: P est F ree Areas (PFA), places of production or production sites; Proximity t o PFA (e.g. within buffer zone surrounding PFA) ; A rea o f Low Pest Prevalence; A rea Wide Management of pest pressure; and S easonal pest pressure. 3. Pre- Harvest: Pest control measures including, hygiene, pesticides; and Integrated pest management. Field certification/management (e.g. inspection, pre- harvest treatments, pesticides, biocontrol, etc.) Cultural controls (e.g. sanitation/weed control)
Criteria 4. At- Harvest: Removal of infested products, inspection for selection S anitation (e.g. removal of contaminants, trash ) 5. Post- Harvest: Host-free destination Treatment to kill, sterilize or remove pests (e.g. fumigation, irradiation, cold storage, controlled atmosphere, washing, brushing, waxing, dipping, heat, etc.) I nspection and grading Certification of packing facilities Sampling and testing Documentation and third party revision (audit)
Canadian Greenhouse Certification Program (CGCP) Phytosanitary certification program for greenhouses that export low- risk indoor foliage and flowering plants to the U.S. Allows designated greenhouses to export greenhouse plants to the U.S. under an export certification label in lieu of a traditional CFIA Phytosanitary Certificate. http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/hort/d-04-01qae.shtml
Canadian Greenhouse Certification Program (CGCP) International trade of plants for planting is a high- risk pathway for the spread of plant pests and diseases. CGCP implements the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) Standard of using a systems approach to mitigate pest risk. Facilitate safe trade of plants between Canada and USA
Phytosanitary Standards All plants exported under the Canadian Greenhouse Certification Program and the facility in which they are produced, must meet the f ollowing phytosanitary standards: freedom from all United States quarantine pests and practical freedom from other injurious pests (non- q uarantine pests). Pest Management Developed by the approved facility Documented for review by CFIA
Canadian Greenhouse Certification Program (CGCP) Inspection of Incoming Plant Material If pests are found, control measures must be taken immediately. Inspection of Production Areas All plants in an approved facility, including plants destined for domestic markets, and all production areas, should be inspected Inspection of Export Shipments Plants must be examined to prevent pest contamination and to ensure that the phytosanitary standards are being met. The approved facility must prepare a written record of all export inspections.
Canadian Greenhouse Certification Program (CGCP) Pest Detection In addition to inspection, other pest detection methodologies may be used to obtain early warnings of pest infestations (yellow sticky traps, pheromone traps). CFIA must be notified immediately of any pest finds of significance (when a typical or uncommon pest damage or symptoms are observed, when a new pest has been introduced into an area of production, or when quarantine pests are suspected). Pest Controls Different pest control strategies may be employed to meet the phytosanitary standards. Under any strategy, plant pests must be controlled expeditiously, to ensure that the facility maintains the phytosanitary standard. Approved Facility Records The records must list all plants exported under this program, their destinations and the serial numbers of the export certification labels used.
Advantage of CGCP Shipping flexibility Certification labels available on site No wait for the CFIA to issue individual Phytosanitary Certificates before export. Cost The cost of labels, stamps and audits is significantly lower than the cost of individual inspections and traditional CFIA Phytosanitary Certificates Fewer non-compliances Products consistently meet U.S. import requirements. Quality Product Consistency in production due to the systems approach
Systems Approach Also applied to other sectors: Canadian Nursery Certification Program Also applied to specific commodities: Butch Bulb Pre-Clearance program
Ornamental The Green Horticulture Industry Thank you International Michel-Antoine Renaud Policy Analyst Trade, Plant Health and Quarantine Flowers Canada Growers michelantoine@fco.on.ca