Science 1206 Unit 1 Test Part A: Multiple Choice. (60%) Name: Please shade the letter of the best possible answer on the scan sheet provided. 1. Which describes a system that meets the needs of both present and future generations? A. ecology B. overfished C. paradigm D. sustainable. 2. Which factor is biotic? A. amount of light on a forest floor B. dead moose on a bog C. temperature in the arctic D. amount of oxygen in the air 3. Which term describes the study of the relationships and interactions that exist between blueberries, rabbits, foxes, a water pool, and the air? A. ecology B. ecosystem C. ecotone D. population 4. Which term best describes all the trout in Ocean Pond? A. community B. ecosystem C. niche D. population 5. Which zone or zones in the diagram to the right illustrate the ecotone? A. aquatic zone B. land zone C. transition zone D. all zones 6. When the moose and the birch saplings die, the materials in their bodies are broken down by worms, fungi, bacteria, etc. and returned to the water, soil and air. What organisms are responsible for carrying out this function? A. decomposers B. predators C. primary consumers D. secondary consumers 7. Which describes animals that eat other animals? A. autotroph B. carnivore C. herbivore D. omnivore 8. Which describes the gradual changes that occur where bare rock gives rise to lichen, mosses, grasses, shrubs and trees? A. biodiversity B. community C. ecotone D. succession 9. In most of the forests of Newfoundland, the balsam fir species is most often seen and not generally replaced by hardwood trees, such as maples. Which term best describes the balsam fir? A. climax community B. consumer C. evergreen D. producer 10. If an ecosystem has many different species, it is more stable and is said to have a greater? A. abiotic factors B. biodiversity C. biomass D. energy 11. Which organisms are capable of capturing solar energy? A. autotrophs B. consumers C. decomposers D. heterotrophs
12. If 20 000 joules (J) of solar energy reaches a producer, how much of this energy will reach a secondary consumer? A. 2 J B. 20 J C. 200 J D. 2000 J 13. Which describes the competition among cats for the same bird? A. interspecific B. intraspecific C. predator-prey D. parasite-host 14. Which describes the surroundings of an organism that provides food and shelter? A. ecosystem B. ecotone C. habitat D. niche 15. Dandelions and chinch bugs in a lawn are often considered inconvenient or harmful. What is the term given to these organisms? A. germs B. insects C. pests D. weeds 16. Which generation of pesticide is made in laboratories and can be used effectively to kill insects? A. first B. second C. third D. fourth 17. Why are new pesticides less harmful then those used in the 1950's, (like DDT)? A. fat soluble B. more likely to bioaccumulate in the tissues C. water soluble D. all of the above 18. What is the process in which a low dose toxin enters the food chain at a low trophic level and builds up to exist at a higher dose in the higher trophic level organisms called? A. bioamplification B. biomass C. equilibrium D. tolerance 19. In which of the following is carbon is stored for the shortest period of time? A. the atmosphere B. oceans C. rocks D. soil 20. Which are the two ways in which atmospheric nitrogen can be converted into nitrates? A. combustion/bacteria B. lightning/combustion C. lightning/bacteria D. respiration/bacteria 21. What is the conversion of nitrates to nitrogen gas by bacteria called? A. aeration B. decomposition C. denitrification D. nitrogen fixation ***NOTE: Omit items that are highlighted 22. What are the two most important abiotic factors regulating decomposition? A. disease and fire B. moisture and oxygen level C. soil chemistry and temperature D. temperature and oxygen level 23. What is the accumulation of fertilizers in waterways that lead to algal blooms and eventual depletion of the dissolved oxygen in the water called? A. bioamplification B. bioaccumulation C. denitrification D. eutrophication 24. What are the three main indicators of water quality? A. Bacterial content, dissolved oxygen, BOD B. Plant growth, number of fish, carbon dioxide C. Pollution, water color, BOD D. Water depth, salt content, temperature 25. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas? A. carbon dioxide B. methane C. nitrous oxide D. oxygen
26. Which of the following is an example of a short term stress on an ecosystem? A. climate change B. infestation by foreign flora C. rainstorm D. road construction 27. What is the purpose of the waxy coating (cuticle) on the needles of coniferous trees? A. It is a sign that the tree is dead. B. It helps the trees photosynthesize. C. It protects against water loss. D. It shows that damage has been done by acid rain. 28. A layer of soil that never thaws is called? A. ice sheet B. glacier C. peat D. permafrost 29. As you travel from the north pole to the equator, which of the following is the correct order that you would encounter these biomes? A. temperate deciduous forest, tundra, boreal forest B. boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest, tundra C. temperate deciduous forest, boreal forest, tundra D. tundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest 30. As you move from the equator to the poles you observe the similar changes as going from the bottom to the top of a mountain. This is because the climate progressively becomes? A. colder and drier B. colder and wetter C. warmer and drier D. warmer and wetter Part B: Answer all of the following questions on this paper. (40%) 1. A) Define the term paradigm. (2%) B) Define the term paradigm shift. (2%) C) Give an example of a paradigm shift from a Newfoundland and Labrador industry, and explain this shift. (3%)
2. Use the food web below to answer the questions that follow. (6%) A) What is the primary source of energy in this food web? B) Name one producer in this web. C) Name one primary consumer in this web. D) In which Canadian Biome is this food web most likely to be found? E) If these organisms were shown on an energy pyramid, which organism would have the least amount of energy available to it? F) Which population would increase the most if the brown bat population was eliminated from this web? 3A. Below is a diagram of the Carbon Cycle. Use the word list to identify the different processes within the carbon cycle and write the correct process in the numbered blanks below. (4%) Use the list below to fill in the blanks. Photosynthesis Plant respiration Sunlight Dead organisms and waste Animal respiration Burning of fossil fuels Fossil Fuels Ocean uptake 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
3B. What role does CO 2 play in global warming? (1%) 3C. List two consequences of global warming and one effect of that consequence. (4%) 1) Consequence: Effect: 2) Consequence: Effect: 3D. What role do the oceans play in the carbon cycle (ie: amount of CO 2 in the atmosphere? (2%) 3E. Describe two ways humans negatively impact the carbon cycle (release CO 2) and a solution to each negative impact. (4%) 1) Negative Impact: Solution: 2) Negative Impact: Solution: 4. You have a rose garden, and find that insects have been eating the petals. You spray each year with an insecticide, but find that after a couple of years it is no longer effective. Explain, in detail, why this is so. (4%)
5. Compare any two Canadian biomes in terms of type of vegetation present, animals present, precipitation amount and soil conditions. (8%) Biome: Biome: Vegetation Animals precipitation soil conditions