How do we decide whether to insulate to inside or the outside? How to install windows in a DER wall (let me count the ways ) What s the best approach for historic buildings? How to deal with basement walls Where should the thermal enclosure be with respect to the basement? Where the wood meets the stone: when are we worried about the sill rotting in DER? Location of water control with exterior insulation Top-side basement slab retrofit options Can t we just? Strategies to get airflow control in retrofit Continuity of control at porch, deck, roof, structure Exterior insulation strategies for masonry walls Chainsaw roof: why, why not, how? How to attach a roof overhang over continuous insulation 1 2 Where to add insulation, inside or outside? Where to add insulation, inside or outside? Water control Vapor control and drying Room for growth Existing replacement windows installed without flashing 3 4 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 1 of 42
Where to add insulation, inside or outside? Where to add insulation, inside or outside? 5 6 Where to add insulation, inside or outside? Where to add insulation, inside or outside? Drainage remediation Head flashing at new window Siding removed to remediate flashing Drainage plane remediation at base of wall 7 8 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 2 of 42
Where to add insulation, inside or outside? Where to add insulation, inside or outside? 9 10 Where to add insulation, inside or outside? Where to add insulation, inside or outside? 11 12 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 3 of 42
Deep Energy Retrofit Where to put the insulation? Inside it s 68F, 40% RH What happens when that air is cooled? What if we take air from outside and warm it up? Generally, as stuff gets colder, it gets wetter 13 14 Where to add insulation, inside or outside? Where to add insulation, inside or outside? Roof overhang and roof insulation Roof overhang and roof insulation 15 16 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 4 of 42
Where to add insulation, inside or outside? Where to add insulation, inside or outside? Roof overhang and roof insulation Water control Vapor control and drying Room for growth Interior space Disruption to occupants 17 18 What s the best approach for historic buildings? What s the best approach for historic buildings? Durability Water control Drying potential Sacrificial cladding What will make the building viable? Comfort Maintenance costs Operating costs Short term capital 19 20 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 5 of 42
What s the best approach for historic buildings? What s the best approach for historic buildings? 21 22 What s the best approach for historic buildings? What s the best approach for historic buildings? 23 24 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 6 of 42
What s the best approach for historic buildings? What s the best approach for historic buildings? Durability Water control Drying potential Sacrificial cladding What will make the building viable? Comfort Maintenance costs Operating costs Short term capital 25 26 Should the basement be in or out? Should the basement be in or out? What is a basement? Damp Stinky Cold Funky Wet Made of rocks Potential amenity Space for mechanical systems Made of rocks Do we have a choice? What is in the basement? Expensive to build Useful space 27 28 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 7 of 42
Basement Separation: Bold Approach 4.6 ACH50; 2129 CFM 50 total; 1100 CFM 50 through floor over basement 7.3 ACH50; 3590 CFM 50 total; 1740 CFM 50 through floor over basement 29 30 Extraordinary approach to basement separation: ~400 cfm50 across basement ceiling (of ~1,900 total) More than leakage between apartments (~200 cfm50 inter-unit leakage) ~20% of total enclosure leakage area for combined living area ~30% of total enclosure leakage for lower apartment ~15% of total enclosure leakage for upper apartment Should the basement be in or out? The basement is connected to the living space. Important things may be in the basement (psst! It s not about the energy!) 31 32 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 8 of 42
Location of water control with exterior insulation Location of water control with exterior insulation Where is the water control? Major impact on sequence 33 34 Location of water control with exterior insulation Drainage plane is not where it used to be Location of water control with exterior insulation Exterior insulation drainage planes sequencing: 35 36 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 9 of 42
Location of water control with exterior insulation Roof-Wall flashing sequence Location of water control with exterior insulation As always, avoid concentrating water on the building. 37 38 Location of water control with exterior insulation Can be in front of or behind the insulation All flashing details must respect location of water control layer Sequence matters Can t we just Short cuts to a world of hurt If it can t be done right, should it be done? Does it pose a risk to health and safety? Does it pose a risk to the building? Is it easily reversible if/when resources are available to go further? 39 40 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 10 of 42
Can t we just Short cuts to a world of hurt Are you sure you want to do that? Can t we just Short cuts to a world of hurt Are you sure you want to do that? 41 42 Can t we just Short cuts to a world of hurt Can t we just Short cuts to a world of hurt Are you sure you want to do that? 43 44 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 11 of 42
Can t we just Short cuts to a world of hurt Can t we just Short cuts to a world of hurt If it can t be done right, should it be done? Does it pose a risk to health and safety? Does it pose a risk to the building? Is it easily reversible if/when resources are available? 45 46 Continuity of control at porch roof and deck Continuity of control at porch roof and deck Does the gravity load need to be transferred to the house? Where is the water control layer? 47 48 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 12 of 42
Continuity of control at porch roof and deck Continuity of control at porch roof and deck 49 50 Continuity of control at porch roof and deck Deep Energy Retrofit Measures Verification 51 52 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 13 of 42
Continuity of control at porch roof and deck Continuity of control at porch roof and deck 53 54 Continuity of control at porch roof and deck Continuity of control at porch roof and deck 55 56 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 14 of 42
Continuity of control at porch roof and deck Continuity of control at porch roof and deck 57 58 Continuity of control at porch roof and deck Continuity of control at porch roof and deck Built up siding detail over foam 59 60 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 15 of 42
Continuity of control at porch roof and deck Continuity of control at porch roof and deck 61 62 Continuity of control at porch roof and deck Continuity of control at porch roof and deck 63 64 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 16 of 42
Continuity of control at porch roof and deck Continuity appears to matter for air tightness Does the gravity load need to be transferred to the house? Where is the water control layer? Chainsaw roof: why, why not, how? Continuity of air and thermal control Sometimes not accommodated by structure 65 66 67 68 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 17 of 42
69 70 Window/door flashing 71 72 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 18 of 42
Window flashing Flashing challenges 73 74 Window flashing challenges Window flashing challenges 75 76 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 19 of 42
Flashing challenges Flashing challenges 77 78 Mock-up makes perfect Window flashing mock up Mock-up makes perfect Window flashing mock up 79 80 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 20 of 42
Window aligned with drainage plane 81 82 Window installed with minimal disruption to interior Window flashing saved 83 84 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 21 of 42
Window/door flashing Foundation Walls Gravity wins Water + Gravity wins Provide drainage Flat or bumpy? Finished or unfinished? 85 86 When are we worried about rotting the sill? When are we worried about rotting the sill? Risk factors: Foundation constructed of capillary (wicking) materials Liquid water in contact with foundation wall Water vapor condensing in or on the foundation wall Limited drying of the foundation wall 87 88 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 22 of 42
When are we worried about rotting the sill? When are we worried about rotting the sill? 89 90 When are we worried about rotting the sill? 91 92 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 23 of 42
Top-side basement slab retrofit Top-side basement slab retrofit What s the water load/risk? What s in the basement? What s the head height? 93 94 Top-side basement slab retrofit Top-side basement slab retrofit 95 96 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 24 of 42
Exterior insulation of masonry Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry Insulated Metal Panel 97 98 Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry 99 100 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 25 of 42
Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry 101 102 Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry Weatherization program implementation Photo credit: Elton + Hampton Architects 103 104 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 26 of 42
Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry % 105 106 Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry 107 108 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 27 of 42
Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry 109 110 Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry 111 112 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 28 of 42
Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry Exterior insulation and over-clad of masonry 113 114 What if we can only do part of it now? DER Project Plans Staged DER Staged DER = Long range planning We do what we can now Anticipate where we want to go in the future 115 116 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 29 of 42
Staged DER DER Project Plans Staged DER Staged DER = Long range planning Ø High performance retrofit measures Ø Ø Connect to existing components Transfer control functions to existing components Anticipate connection to future components Transfer control functions to new components Ø Make the next guys job easier 117 118 Staged DER Roof First Staged DER Roof First 119 120 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 30 of 42
Staged DER Roof First Staged DER Roof First 121 122 Staged DER Roof First Staged DER Roof First 123 124 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 31 of 42
Staged DER Roof First Staged DER Roof First 125 126 Staged DER Roof First Staged DER Roof First 127 128 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 32 of 42
Staged DER Roof First Staged DER Roof First 129 130 Staged DER Staged DER 131 132 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 33 of 42
Staged DER Staged DER 133 134 Staged DER Staged DER Window Retrofit 135 136 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 34 of 42
Staged DER Staged DER Window Retrofit 137 138 What if we can only do part of it now? Communicating intent to get performance built 139 140 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 35 of 42
NESEA BuildingEnergy 13 Deep Energy Retrofits - Details, Questions, Issues DER Measures Specification Be Specific! March 5, 2013 DER Measures Specification Control Functions Guide Specification Enclosure: Ø Mechanical: Ø Water Ø Space Ø Air control flow control Ø Vapor Control Ø Thermal Control Ø Space March 5th, 2013 heating cooling Ø Ventilation Ø Air mixing Ø Water heating March 5th, 2013 141 142 DER Measures Specification DER Measures Specification March 5th, 2013 March 5th, 2013 Neuhauser 143 buildingscience.com 144 36 of 42
C 2011 Coldham & Hartman Architects REVISIONS Date: Project No. Scale: Drawn: Checked: 4 Nov. 2011 11-11 3/4" = 1'-0" arw TRCH 2 1 TRANSLATES FROM FIRST LAYER OF FOAM TO BAND JOIST TO EXTERIOR FACE OF OC SPF AT INTERIOR, BACK TO INTERIOR FACE OF EXTERIOR FOAM - COMPLEX ON PAPER... NESEA BuildingEnergy 13 Deep Energy Retrofits - Details, Questions, Issues March 5, 2013 DER Measures Specification Being Specific Communicate the functional intent Ø Very difficult to anticipate every condition Ø Empowers person in the field: Water control è down and out Air flow control è make connections air tight Thermal control è avoid putting bridges through it Vapor control è where is moisture sensitive material? which direction is the vapor drive? do we need to allow diffusion or control it? DER Measures Specification C 2011 Coldham & Hartman Architects Von Goeler - Slough 24 Hampden Street Northampton, MA AIR SEALING SCHEMATICS NOTE: AIR BARRIER AT EXISTING BUILDING TO BE FIRST LAYER OF FOIL-FACED FOAM, TAPED AT ALL SEAMS AND TRANSITIONS ON FOUNDATION WALL, THIS TRANSITIONS TO THE EXTERIOR SPRAYED FOAM INSULATION BLOWER DOOR PRESSURE TEST TO BE CONDUCTED AT COMPLETION OF AIR BARRIER, BEFORE INSTALLATION OF INTERIOR WALL FINISHES. DIAGNOSTIC FOG TESTING WILL BE CONDUCTED TO FIND FLAWS IN AIR BARRIER SYSTEMS PRESSURE TESTING TARGET: 0.1CFM50 / SQUARE FOOT OF SHELL TARGET CFM50 OF FINAL BLOWER DOOR: 580CFM50 NOTE: AIR BARRIER AT ADDITION TO BE TAPED SHEATHING AND EXTERIOR FOAM INSULATION AT FOUNDATION WALL For Construction REVISIONS Date: 4 Nov. 2011 11-11 Project No. Scale: 3/4" = 1'-0" Drawn: Checked: arw TRCH A5.3 1 EXISTING 2 ADDITION 145 146 DER Measures Specification DER Measures Specification NOTE: AIR BARRIER AT ADDITION TO BE TAPED SHEATHING AND EXTERIOR FOAM INSULATION AT FOUNDATION WALL BLOWER DOOR PRESSURE TEST TO BE CONDUCTED AT COMPLETION OF AIR BARRIER, BEFORE INSTALLATION OF INTERIOR WALL FINISHES. DIAGNOSTIC FOG TESTING WILL BE CONDUCTED TO FIND FLAWS IN AIR BARRIER SYSTEMS PRESSURE TESTING TARGET: 0.1CFM50 / SQUARE FOOT OF SHELL TARGET CFM50 OF FINAL BLOWER DOOR: 580CFM50 ADDITION NOTE: AIR BARRIER AT ADDITION TO BE TAPED SHEATHING AND EXTERIOR FOAM INSULATION AT FOUNDATION WALL NOTE: AIR BARRIER AT EXISTING BUILDING TO BE FIRST LAYER OF FOIL-FACED FOAM, TAPED AT ALL SEAMS AND TRANSITIONS ON FOUNDATION WALL, THIS TRANSITIONS TO THE EXTERIOR SPRAYED FOAM INSULATION TRANSLATES FROM FIRST LAYER OF FOAM TO BAND JOIST TO EXTERIOR FACE OF OC SPF AT INTERIOR, BACK TO INTERIOR FACE OF EXTERIOR FOAM - COMPLEX ON PAPER... EXISTING Von Goeler - Slough 24 Hampden Street Northampton, MA AIR SEALING SCHEMATICS For Construction A5.3 147 148 Neuhauser buildingscience.comblower DOOR PRESSURE TEST TO BE CONDUCTED AT COMPLETION OF AIR BARRIER, BEFORE 37 INSTALLATION of 42 OF INTERIOR WALL FIN DIAGNOSTIC FOG TESTING WILL BE CONDUCTED TO FIND FLAWS IN AIR BARRIER SYSTEMS PRESSURE TESTING TARGET: 0.1CFM50 / SQUARE FOOT OF SHELL
DER Project Plans It s important to have a plan! (It s important to plan) Deep Energy Retrofit Measures Verification Plan Review - Enclosure 149 150 Deep Energy Retrofit Measures Verification Deep Energy Retrofit Measures Verification bedroom bath bedroom kitchen bedroom 151 152 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 38 of 42
Communicating intent to get performance built It s the whole (hole) enclosure 153 154 Deep Energy Retrofit Measures Verification You ve got to see it to Significant components not on plans Deep Energy Retrofit Measures Verification You ve got to see it to Significant components not on plans 155 156 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 39 of 42
It s the whole (hole) enclosure Helpful and nifty stuff 157 158 Slab insulation sequencing Slab insulation sequencing 159 160 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 40 of 42
Window installation 2x bucks let in to exterior foam allow for standard practice installation Design Challenge A River Runs Through It Condition of basement very important Pre-retrofit, standing (flowing) water in basement Flanges attached to 2X frame surround Existing interior trim retained 161 162 Design Challenge: A River Runs Through It Design Challenge A River Runs Through It Condition of basement very important Pre-retrofit, standing (flowing) water in basement Ø Bulk water Ø Capillary transfer Ø Condensation Ø Convective transfer Ø Difusion Retrofit Plan: Trenches, drain pipe to daylight, gravel 6 mil poly More gravel SPF on walls DER project guidance: Insulation Concrete slab Poly in contact with concrete 12 high XPS at slab perimeter 163 164 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 41 of 42
Enclosure Roof/Attic Water Management New asphalt shingle roof Air Control Continuous 1 spray foam at attic floor and connected to wall housewrap Vapor Control 1 closed-cell spray foam and vented roof Thermal Control 18 blown in cellulose over 1 closed-cell spray foam Critical air seal at attic floor House wrap sealed to wall top plate 165 166 Cladding attachment over semi-rigid mineral wool Insulation It Works! 167 Neuhauser buildingscience.com 42 of 42 42