XI ALACPA Seminar on Airfield Pavements IV Short Course on Airfield Pavement Maintenance Dr. Samuel Hautequest Cardoso, Ph.D. Coordinator/Instructor Santiago, Chile, 02 September 2014
Course Outline Introduction & Importance of the Subject Scope of Airfield Pavement Maintenance Strong & Weak Links in Pavement Maintenance The (4*W + 3*O) Equation & Pavt. Performance Pavement Types & Drainage/Wildlife Hazards Types of Distresses (Flexible& Rigid Pavement) Materials & Equipment for Pavt. Maintenance Don t Do(s) & Do(s) in Pavt. Maintenance Summary
XI ALACPA Seminar on Airfield Pavements IV Short Course on Airfield Pavement Maintenance Part 01 Santiago, Chile, 02 September 2014
Introduction & Importance of the Subject Commercial Aviation in the USA Injects 3.3 trillion US$/year in the economy
Introduction & Importance of the Subject USA 35,000 to 40,000 flights/day 20.000 airports administrated by the FAA with annual budget around US$16 billion
Introduction & Importance of the Subject Worldwide 300,000 flights/day (Commercial, Charter & Cargo) 5.7 billion passengers/2012 ( 4.4 %)
10 8 6 4 Aircraft Movements (2012) AS-PAC 6.5 % LAT-CAR 3.5% MID EAST 6.3% 2 0 AFRICA 0.8% WORLD 0.6% -2-4 EUR -2.5% NAM -1.4% Region -6
18 16 14 Passengers (2012) MID EAST 13% 12 10 8 6 AFRICA 6.1% AS-PAC 8% LAT-CAR 7.6% WORLD 4.4% 4 2 EUROPE 1.7% NA 1.3% 0
8 Cargo (2012) 6 MID EAST 4.3% 4 2 AS-PAC 1.3 % NAM 0.8% WORLD 0.5% 0-2 AFRICA -0.2% LAT-CAR -0.1% -4 EUR -2.4% Region
Introduction & Importance of the Subject Gatwick Airport (2013) 35,444,206 passengers/year 250,520 aircraft movements/year World s busiest single-use runway 55 aircraft movements/hour
Introduction & Importance of the Subject Latin America and the Caribbean Forecast for 2010 to 2020: Population: 590 to 652 million Internal Revenue Growth: 4.2 %/year Cargo: 5.7 %/year
Scope of Airfield Pavement Maintenance
Quality The Normal Cycle of Life Time
The Normal Cycle of Life Performance EXC. Fair Very Poor FAILED $1.00 40% 75% LIFE $4.00 TO $ 5.00 40% 12% Time
Pavement is a Complex System!!! Drainage Soils Geology Material Technology Construction Economy/ Administ. PVT. System Environment/ Climate Human Relations Computation/ Computer
Pavement is Part of the Air Transport System Safety Air Transport System Regularity Efficiency Airports Pavement System Safety Economy
Pavement is Part of the Air Transport System Pavement System Strength Friction Safety Roughness Economy FOD
Pavement is Part of the Air Transport System FOD
Pavement is Part of the Air Transport System
Strong and Weak Links for Airfield Pavement Maintenance
T C = I C + M C + U C Maintenance
The (4*W + 3*O) Equation & Pavement Performance
Pavement Maintenance Why? When? The 4*W Where? Who?
Pavement Maintenance 1 st W = When?
Pavement Maintenance 2 st W = Why? T C = I C +M C +U C Safety
Pavement Maintenance 3 rd W = Where? Pavement Drainage Airside
Pavement Maintenance 4 th W = Who? CEO Planners Engineers
The 3*O Main Objectives for Designing and Constructing Airfield Pavements 1 st O = Adequate load-carrying capacity 2 nd O = Good ride quality safe aircraft operation 3 rd O = Good friction all weather conditions
Understanding the First O
Understanding the 2nd O A L 2A Before After
Scope of Airfield Pavement Maintenance
Understanding the 3 rd O Lack of Skid Resistance
Understanding the 3 rd O Micro texture Macro texture
Understanding the 3 rd O 1.5 1/4 1/4
35-Year Old PFC 4*W + 3*O?
34-Year Old SST B757 B737 A319 B727 A320 G5 4*W + 3*O?
Brand New Pavement 4*W + 3*O?
4*W + 3*O?
4*W + 3*O Not to scale 1910 m 2500.4 m? 300 m 88 m 150 m 1630 m 300 m End 07 670 m TWY GOLF TWY ALFA TWY BRAVO TWY CHARLIE Grooving End 25 150 m 150 m 150 m 585 m Grooving 1250 m (Chronic & recurrent pavement distress area since late 80 s) Asphalt Fragmented (Underneath Layer)
4*W + 3*O?
Pavement Types; Drainage & Wildlife Hazards
Classical Flexible Pavement Surface Course Base Course Subbase Subgrade
Classical Rigid Pavement PortlandCement Concrete Base Course Subbase Subgrade
Drainage System Four Aspects to Focus On: Surface Drainage (Surface Water Run-off) Excess of Ground Water Removal Lower Down Water Table Control Slope Erosion
Surface Drainage (Surface Water Run-Off) 4D for Pavement Design Success: Drainage Drainage Drainage 4*W + 3*O? Drainage
Surface Drainage (Surface Water Run-Off) Transverse Slope Longitudinal Slope
Surface Drainage (Surface Water Run-Off)
Surface Drainage (Surface Water Run-Off)
Sub-Surface Drainage 4D for Pavement Design Success: Drainage, drainage, drainage, drainage
Sub-Surface Drainage AC Subgrade
Sub-Surface Drainage
Why? Sub-Surface Drainage
Wildlife Hazards Birds Paradise
Wildlife Hazards Birds Paradise
Wildlife Hazards Birds Paradise
Wildlife Hazards
Wildlife Hazards
Control Slope Erosion