Unit E Fresh and Saltwater Systems Review Define the following terms: Potable (pg. 335) Salinity (pg. 339) Sediment load (pg. 359) Watershed (pg. 360) Drumlin (pg.364) Kettle lakes (pg. 365) Valley glaciers (pg. 363) Climate (pg. 366) Diversity (pg. 374) Adaptation (pg. 378) Population (pg. 381) High tide (pg. 353) Low tide (pg. 353) Answer the following questions: Draw and label a diagram of the water cycle. (pg.392) How much of the Earths water does salt water account for? (pg.337) How much of the Earths fresh water does Canada have? (pg. 338) How much fresh water is locked up in ice caps, groundwater and lakes/rivers? (pg. 337) Water can be generally categorized into what type of water? How could you tell if your water was hard water? (pg. 340) What is a reservoir? What is it used for? (pg. 335) Explain what reverse osmosis does. (pg. 345) Explain how distillation separates minerals, salts and other substances from water.(pg. 345) What are waves caused by? What do large waves do? What do small waves do? (pg.351-352) What causes tides? (pg. 353) Explain what hot springs do and there effects on the environment? (pg. 355) Where is the continental divide? (pg.360) How do large bodies of water effect climate? What property of water accounts for this?(pg.367) Explain why we have Chinooks? (pg. 367) Wind blowing over a warm ocean current will usually be and.(pg.370) What are the rainforests of British Columbia and the deserts in Peru a result of? (pg.370) Give examples of organisms that live in the intertidal zone of an ocean. (pg. 376) Give examples of organisms that live in the continental shelf zone of an ocean. (pg.376) What is an Estuary? (pg. 376) What is an algal bloom caused by? And what happens as a result of an algal bloom?(pg 388) What are the advantages of building dams? (pg. 396) What was the driving force for the cleanup of the Thames River? (pg. 403) What has to happen to solve environmental problems? (pg.404) What are the 3 main uses of water in the world and what are there percentages? (pg 394) An oil spill is an example of what kind of population change? (pg. 384)
Potable: Water that is safe to drink Salinity: The amount of dissolved salts in water Sediment Load: The amount of water borne minerals, (rocks, salts, organic matter, etc.) that a river carries Watershed: An area of land that drains into one lake or river Drumlin: Small hills with a teardrop shape, formed by moving glaciers (tips point to the direction the glaciers travelled) Fresh and Saltwater Review Kettle lakes: Lakes formed when large chunks of ice left behind from glaciers melted away Valley Glaciers: Glaciers that form in the valleys between mountain ranges Climate: average weather measured over a long period of time Diversity: The variety of different species in an ecosystem Adaptation: Physical or behavioural changes in a species to increase it's chance of survival in a certain environment Population: A group of organisms of the same species that live in a particular area High Tide: Raising of large bodies of water due to the gravitational pull of the moon Low Tide: Reduction in the depth of large bodies of water Salt water %: 97% 3% Making Salt Water Fresh What % of the worlds fresh water do we have here in Canada? 9% How much fresh water is in ice caps? 77% 1% 97% Distillation: Water is converted to vapour and then condensed into pure water 77% 22% How can you tell if you have hard water? Soap doesn't lather properly What is a reservoir? Reverse Osmosis: Removes Salts, Chemicals and other pollutants from water by filtering A reservoir is a man-made body of water. They can be used for irrigation, Drinking Water, and Electricity Generation
Hot springs Carry dissolved sediments to the surface from deep underground and deposit those sediments on the surface (cool) How far do waves actually move? (In a circular motion, caused by wind) Tides Are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon 2.4 Weather and Climate Continental Divide: In the Rocky Mountains Winnipeg in January (Ave temp -18 deg C) Vancouver in January (Ave temp 3.8 deg C) Large Bodies of water prevent extreme temperatures on the land they surround. It never gets too hot or too cold near warm oceans Climate: Average weather (temp and precipitation) measured over at least 30 years
Water Has an Extremely High Specific Heat Capacity This allows large bodies of water to take in and give off heat, which moderates the temperature of the near by land http://web.mac.com/bradgreve/science_site/experiments/pages/cool_fire.html Chinooks Caused warm moist ocean air becoming cold as it rises over the mountains. As it cools, it looses it's moisture. Then when it descends to the prairies, it becomes warm again Warm dry winds common in Lethbridge Wind blowing over a warm ocean current will be warm and moist British Columbian Rain Forests vs. Peruvian Deserts warm north pacific current cold peruvian current Intertidal Zone Organisms: Starfish Difference is because of the different water temperatures of surrounding oceans...
Continental Shelf and Oceanic Zone Organisms: Estuary "Brackish" water, where fresh and salt water mix Dolphins, Whales, Sharks Algal Bloom Caused by the increasing of dissolved nutrients in a lake, often resulting in the death of the lake Building Dams - Recreation Hydro Electricity Flood Protection Irrigation Employment Shipping
Thames River Cleanup Peoples' concern regarding public health lead to a massive cleanup effort Teamwork To solve environmental problems we need to work together to come up with a solution :) The River Thames Cleanup was a success! Irrigation: 73% Industrial: 22% Uses of Water Oil Spills are Short Term Population Changes Domestic: 5%