Inconel and Monel are registered trademarks of the Special Metals Corporation. Hexoloy is a registered trademark of Carborundum Company. Hastelloy C is a registered trademark of Haynes International. Heat treating Annealing Up to 704 C (1300 F) Over 704 C (1300 F) Carburizing hardening Up to 816 C (1500 F), 816 to 1093 C (1500 to 2000 F) Nitriding salt baths Cyanide Nickel (CP) Neutral High speed Iron and steel Blast furnaces Downcomer Stove dome Silicon carbide Hot blast main Inconel 600 Stove trunk Inconel 600 Stove outlet flue Open hearth Flues and stack Checkers Inconel 600, Cermets Waste heat boiler Billet heating slab heating and butt welding Up to 1093 C (2000 F) Silicon ceramic carbide* Bright annealing batch Top work temperature Not required (use bare Type J thermocouple) Bottom work temperature Continuous furnace section Inconel 600, ceramic* Forging Silicon carbide, ceramic* Soaking pits Up to 1093 C (2000 F) Inconel 600 Silicon ceramic carbide* Nonferrous metals Aluminum Melting Hexoloy Heat treating Brass or bronze Not required (use dip-type thermocouple) Lead, black steel Magnesium, cast iron Tin Extra heavy carbon steel Zinc Extra heavy carbon steel Pickling tanks Chemical lead Cement Exit flues Kilns, heating zone Inconel 600 Ceramic Kilns and silicon carbide* Dryers Silicon carbide, black steel Vitreous enameling Barium chloride, all concentration, 21 C (70 F) Monel, Hastelloy C 139
Nichrome is a registered trademark of the Driver-Harris Co. Dow therm is a registered trademark of the Dow Chemical Corporation. Barium hydroxide, all concentration, 21 C (70 F) Barium sulphite Nichrome, Hastelloy C Brines Monel Bromine, Monel Butadiene Butane Butylacetate Monel Butyl alcohol Calcium chlorate, dilute, 21 to 66 C (70 to 150 F) Calcium hydroxide 10 to 20%, 100 C (212 F), Hastelloy C 50%, 100 C (212 F), Hastelloy C Carbolic acid, all, 100 C (212 F) Carbon dioxide, wet or dry 2017-T4 aluminum, Monel, nickel Chlorine gas Dry, 21 C (70 F), Monel Moist, -7 to 100 C (20 to 212 F ) Hastelloy C Chromic acid, 10 to 50% 100 C (212 F), Hastelloy C (all concentrations) Citric acid 15%, 21 C (70 F), Hastelloy C (all concentrations) 15%, 100 C (212 F), Hastelloy C (all concentrations) Concentrated, 100 C (212 F), Hastelloy C (all concentrations) Copper nitrate Copper sulphate Cresols Cyanogen gas Dow therm Ether Ethyl acetate Monel, Ethyl chloride, 21 C (70 F), low carbon steel Ethyl sulphate, 21 C (70 F) Monel Ferric chloride, 5%, 21 C (70 F)to boiling, Hastelloy C Ferric sulphate, 5%, 21 C (70 F) Ferrous sulphate, dilute, 21 C (70 F) Formaldehyde Formic acid, 5%, 21 to 66 C (70 to 150 F ) Freon Monel Gallic acid, 5%, 21 to 66 C (70 to 150 F ) Monel Gasoline, 21 C (70 F), low carbon steel Glucose, 21 C (70 F) Glycerine, 21 C (70 F) Glycerol Hydrobromic acid, 98%, 100 C (212 F) Hastelloy B Hydrochloric acid 1%, 5% 21 C (70 F) Hastelloy C 1%, 5% 100 C (212 F) Hastelloy B 25%, 21 to 100 C (70 to 212 F) Hastelloy B Hydrofluoric acid, 60%, 100 C (212 F) Hastelloy C, Monel Hydrogen peroxide, 21 to 100 C (70 to 212 F) Types 316 SS, 304 SS Hydrogen sulphide, wet and dry 140
Glass Fore hearths and feeders Platinum thimble Lehrs Tanks Roof and wall Flues and checkers Paper Digesters, Petroleum Dewaxing Towers Transfer lines Factioning column Bridgewall Power Coal-air mixtures 304 SS Flue gases, Preheaters, Steel lines Types 347 or 316 SS Water lines Boiler tubes Types 304, 309, or 310 SS Gas producers Producer gas Water gas Carburetor Superheater Tar stills Incinerators Up to 1093 C (2000 F) Ceramic (primary) Hexoloy (secondary)* Food Baking ovens Charretort, sugar Vegetables and fruit Chemical Acetic acid 10 to 50%, 21 C (70 F) Type 304, Hastelloy C, Monel 50%, 100 C (212 F) Type 316, Hastelloy C, Monel 99%, 21 to 100 C (70 to 212 F) Type 430, Hastelloy C, Monel Alcohol, ethyl, methyl 21 to 100 C (70 to 212 F) Type 304 Ammonia All concentration 21 C (70 F) Types 304, 316 SS Ammonium chloride All concentration 100 C (212 F) Types 316 SS, Monel Ammonium nitrate All concentration 21 to 100 C (70 to 212 F) Ammonium sulphate, 10% to saturated 100 C (212 F) 141
Iodine, 21 C (70 F) Lactic acid 5%, 21 C (70 F), 316 SS 5%, 66 C (150 F) 10%, 100 C (212 F) Magnesium chloride 5%, 21 C (70 F) Monel, nickel 5%, 100 C (212 F) Nickel Magnesium sulphate, hot and cold Monel Muriatic acid, 21 C (70 F) Naptha, 21 C (70 F) Natural gas, 21 C (70 F), 317 SS Nickel chloride, 21 C (70 F) Nickel sulphate, hot and cold Nitric acid 5%, 21 C (70 F) 20%, 21 C (70 F) 50%, 21 C (70 F) 50%, 100 C (212 F) 65%, 100 C (212 F) Concentrated, 21 C (70 F) Concentrated, 100 C (212 F) Nitrobenzene, 21 C (70 F) Oleic acid, 21 C (70 F) Oleum, 21 C (70 F) Oxalic acid 5% hot and cold 10%, 100 C (212 F) Monel Oxygen 21 C (70 F) Steel Liquid SS Elevated temperatures SS Palmitic acid Pentane Type 340 SS Phenol Phosphoric acid 1%, 5%, 21 C (70 F) 10%, 21 C (70 F) 10%, 100 C (212 F) Hastelloy C 30%, 21 to 100 C (70 to 212 F) Hastelloy B 85%, 21 to 100 C (70 to 212 F) Hastelloy B Picric acid, 21 C (70 F) Potassium bromide, 21 C (70 F) Potassium carbonate, 1%, 21 C (70 F) Potassium chlorate, 21 C (70 F) Potassium hydroxide 5%, 21 C (70 F) 25%, 100 C (212 F) 60%, 100 C (212 F) Potassium nitrate 5%, 21 C (70 F) 5%, 100 C (212 F) 142
Potassium permanganate, 5%, 21 C (70 F) Potassium sulphate, 5%, 21 C (70 F) Potassium sulphide, 21 C (70 F) Propane, low carbon steel Pyrogallic acid Quinine bisulphate, dry Quinine sulphate, dry Seawater Monel or Hastelloy C Salicylic acid Nickel Sodium bicarbonate All concentration, 21 C (70 F) 5%, 66 C (150 F) Sodium carbonate, 5%, 21 to 66 C (70 to 150 F) Sodium chloride 5%, 21 to 66 C (70 to 150 F) Saturated, 21 to 100 C (70 to 212 F), Monel Sodium fluoride, 5%, 21 C (70 F) Monel Sodium hydroxide, Hastelloy C Sodium hypochlorite, 5% still, Hastelloy C Sodium nitrate, fused Sodium peroxide Sodium sulphate, 21 C (70 F) Sodium sulphide, 21 C (70 F) Sodium sulphite, 30%, 66 C (150 F) Sulphur dioxide Moist gas, 21 C (70 F) Gas, 302 C (575 F ) Sulphur Dry molten Wet Sulphuric acid 5%, 21 to 100 C (70 to 212 F) Hastelloy B, 316 SS 10%, 21 to 100 C (70 to 212 F) Hastelloy B 50%, 21 to 100 C (70 to 212 F) Hastelloy B 90%, 21 C (70 F) Hastelloy B 90%, 100 C (212 F) Hastelloy D Tannic acid 21 C (70 F), Hastelloy B Tartaric acid 21 C (70 F) 66 C (150 F) Toluene 2017-T4 aluminum, low carbon steel Turpentine Whiskey and wine, nickel Xylene Copper Zinc chloride Monel Zinc sulphate 5%, 21 C (70 F) Saturated, 21 C (70 F) 25%, 100 C (212 F) Reference charts and tables on pages 139 to 143 courtesy of the American Society for Testing and Materials. Taken from publication MNL 12, Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement. 143