SECTION A : 40 MARKS BAHAGIAN A : 40 MARKAH INSTRUCTION: This section consists of TEN (10) short questions. Answer ALL questions. ARAHAN : Bahagian ini mengandungi SEPULUH (10) soalan pendek. Jawab semua soalan. QUESTION 1 SOALAN 1 The sources of water supply can be divided into two; surface water and ground water. Describe briefly TWO (2) chemical characteristics of water sources. Sumber air mentah boleh dibahagikan kepada 2: air permukaan dan air bawah tanah. Terangkan denan ringkas DUA (2) dari ciri-ciri kimia yang ada pada sumber air tersebut secara ringkas. QUESTION 2 SOALAN 2 Human activity is one of the factors contributing to the pollution of water resources. Discuss TWO (2) human activities that contribute to the pollution of water resources. Aktiviti manusia merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyumbang kepada pencemaran sumber air. Bincangkan DUA (2) aktiviti manusia yang menyumbang kepada pencemaran sumber air. QUESTION 3 SOALAN 3 State FOUR (4) factors affecting the water demand per capita. Nyatakan EMPAT (4) faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan air per kapita. 2 SULIT
QUESTION 4 SOALAN 4 The population in 2013 was 27,850 people. Calculate the total population in 2021 if the rate of population growth is 2.85% per year. Jika penduduk pada tahun 2013 adalah 27 850 orang, Kirakan jumlah penduduk pada tahun 2021 sekiranya kadar pertambahan penduduk adalah 2.85% setahun. QUESTION 5 SOALAN 5 Explain briefly TWO (2) chemical processes that occur in the water treatment process and briefly explain both processes. Terangkan dengan ringkas DUA (2) proses kimia yang berlaku dalam proses rawatan air mentah. QUESTION 6 SOALAN 6 Valves are one of the components in water distribution system. List FOUR (4) types of valves. Injap merupakan salah satu komponen yang terdapat dalam sistem agihan air. Senaraikan EMPAT (4) jenis injap. QUESTION 7 SOALAN 7 Describe briefly the advantages and disadvantages of the combined (gravity and pump) system in the water distribution system. Terangkan dengan ringkas kebaikan dan keburukan sistem gabungan (graviti dan berpam) sebagai kaedah agihan air. 3 SULIT
QUESTION 8 SOALAN 8 Describe partially separate sewerage system. Terangkan sistem pembetungan separa berasingan. QUESTION 9 SOALAN 9 State TWO (2) types of sewer pipe material and explain the advantages of each pipe. Nyatakan DUA(2) jenis bahan paip pembetung dan terangkan kelebihan setiap bahan paip tersebut. QUESTION 10 SOALAN 10 There are three methods of partial disposal of sludge. Describe TWO (2) methods. Terdapat tiga kaedah pelupusan separa enapcemar. Jelaskan DUA (2) daripada kaedah tersebut. 4 SULIT
SECTION B : 60 MARKS BAHAGIAN B : 60 MARKAH INSTRUCTION: This section consists of FOUR (4) structured questions. Answer THREE (3) questions only. ARAHAN: Bahagian ini mengandungi EMPAT (4) soalan struktur. Jawab TIGA (3) soalan sahaja. QUESTION 1 SOALAN 1 a) Surface water is one of the sources of water used in the treatment of raw water. State the biological properties that exist on water surface and explain each of the stated biological properties. Air permukaan merupakan salah satu sumber air yang digunakan dalam rawatan air mentah. Nyatakan sifat-sifat biologikal yang ada pada air pemukaan dan terangkan setiap sifat biologikal yang dinyatakan tersebut. CLO4 C4 b) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE )is responsible for ensuring the main water source does not suffer any pollution and resource depletion. Identify common issues and challenges in the management of water resources faced by the related bodies. Kementerian Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar bertanggungjawab dalam memastikan sumber air utama tidak mengalami pencemaran dan kehabisan sumber. Kenalpasti isu dan cabaran pengurusan sumber air yang biasa di hadapi oleh pihak berkaitan. 5 SULIT
QUESTION 2 SOALAN 2 a) Raw water treatment process will involve physical processes and chemical processes. Explain briefly the physical processes involved in this process. Dalam rawatan air mentah akan melibatkan proses fizikal dan proses kimia. Terangkan dengan ringkas proses-proses fizikal yang terlibat dalam proses rawatan air ini. [8 marks] [8 markah] b) The data below was obtained from a water treatment plant: Raw water flow rate = 78,000 litre/hr Alum flow rate = 35 litre/hr Strength of Alum = 4.5 % Calculate the doses of alum being streamed for each 350,000 litres of water in mg/l unit. Determine the quantity of alum (in kg) needed in a day if the treatment plant operates 18 hours a day. (1 litre = 3.7 kg) Data di bawah diperolehi daripada sebuah loji rawatan air mentah: Kadar alir air mentah = 78,000 liter/jam Kadar alir Alum = 35 liter/jam Kepekatan Alum = 4.5 % Kira dos alum bagi kadar alir air sebanyak 350,000 liter dalam unit mg/l. Tentukan juga kuantiti alum yang diperlukan (dalam kg) sekiranya loji rawatan air mentah beroperasi 18 jam sehari. (1 litre = 3.7 kg) [12 marks] [12 markah] 6 SULIT
QUESTION 3 SOALAN 3 (a) A sewerage system is important to preserve health and to improve the living standards of people. Differentiate between Combined System and Separated System. Sistem pembetungan adalah penting untuk kesihatan dan meningkatkan taraf kehidupan. Bezakan antara Sistem Bergabung dan Sistem Berasingan. (b) A housing scheme consists of 60 unit houses. Calculate the sewer pipe diameter needed for that residential area with the assumption that the pipe flow is full. Use the Manning formula : v = (1/n) m 2/3 i 1/2 The data is given as follows : Water demand per capita, q = 225 litre/capita/day House hold = 5 person/ unit Flow rate factor = 6 Manning coefficient, n for Clay pipe sewer = 0.013 Self-clensing velocity > 0.45m/s Sewer pipe gradient = 1: 250 Satu kawasan perumahan mengandungi 60 unit rumah. Kirakan diameter paip betung bagi kawasan perumahan tersebut dengan andaian halaju paip penuh. Gunakan persamaan Manning : v = (1/n) m 2/3 i 1/2 Data diberikan seperti di bawah: Permintaaan air per kapita, q = 225 liter/kapita/hari Bilangan ahli rumah = 5 orang/ unit Faktor kadar alir = 6 Pekali Manning, n untuk Paip betung tanah liat = 0.013 Halaju swa-bersih > 0.45m/s Kecerunan paip betung = 1: 250 7 SULIT
QUESTION 4 SOALAN 4 (a) There are four stages in centralized waste water treatment process which are the pretreatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment. Explain the following processes: i. Pre-treatment ii. Primary Treatment Terdapat empat peringkat dalam proses rawatan air sisa berpusat iaitu rawatan awalan, rawatan utama, rawatan sekunder dan rawatan tambahan. Terangkan proses-proses berikut: i. Rawatan awalan ii. Rawatan utama C4 (b) Homes and buildings that are not served by public sewer systems are dependent on individual treatment unit such as septic tank for the purpose of treating and disposing of waste water. Sketch, label and explain how a septic tank functions. Rumah dan bangunan yang tidak menggunakan sistem pembetung awam bergantung kepada unit rawatan individu seperti tangki septik untuk merawat dan melupuskan kumbahan. Terangkan bagaimana tangki septik berfungsi.dengan bantuan rajah yang lengkap berlabel SOALAN TAMAT 8 SULIT