IPNI s Vision of Sustainable Oil Palm Intensification in 2020 and Beyond Chua, C.K., Oberthür, T., Cook, S., Lim, C.H., Donough, C.R., Cock, J., Sugianto, H. and Lim, Y.L. MOSTA Oil Palm Best Practices Workshop 2015 Best Practices to Realize The Yield Potential of Oil Palm Planting Dates : 17 19 August 2015 Venue : Imperial Hotel, Miri?
1 Oil Palm: Sinner or Saint?
Oil Palm: Sinner or Saint? Criticized because Supported because The land expansion, threat to biodiversity Peat soils are drained, start to release carbon dioxide, a GHG. Degrade local water quality. High oil production crop, 30% of world s edible vegetable oil supply with < 20 million ha. Improve socio rural development in the tropics Create more job opportunities
Oil Palm: Sinner or Saint? The demand for world vegetable oil is expected to double from present worldwide consumption of 120 million tons to 240 million tons by 2050. (Corley, 2009) 1. Land expansion With the same yield production maintained at 4 t/ha, estimated additional land area required at 28 million ha. (Corley, 2009) 2. Yield intensification
Oil Palm: Sinner or Saint? Cost of Driving 25 Miles $4 Regular Car $2 Hybrid Car 150 More 250 Original Habit 400 New Habit # of Miles Driven (Miles / Week) WS Jevons. The Coal Question: An Inquiry concerning the Progress of the Nation, and the Probable Exhaustion of our Coalmines. Macmillan and Co. (1866).
Oil Palm: Sinner or Saint? 1.0 0.8 Change in agricultural area (%) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0-0.2 Ghana Indonesia Brazil India 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Crop production index
2 Intensification Opportunity
Intensification Opportunity The current national FFB yield in Indonesia was at 16.7 tons/ha. (FAO, 2013) Wide range of yield potential from below 15 tons/ha to above 40 tons/ha. FFB ton/ha < 15 < 25 < 30 < 35 < 40 > 40 0 100 200 400 Kilometers PALMSIM Model: Hoffmann et al., 2014
Intensification Opportunity 8.1% of the suitable land has a potential productivity of more than 40 tons/ha 35.6% of the suitable land falls into the category between 35 40 tons/ha 20% are for 25 35 tons/ha FFB ton/ha < 25 < 30 < 35 < 40 > 40 PALMSIM Model: Hoffmann et al., 2014
Intensification Opportunity CPO t ha -1 6.00 1991 5.4 t/ha 5.00 4.00 +84% +9% +8% 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.3 t/ha +92% 0.00 1951 +Nutri +Breed +Agron +Mill Davidson L. PIPOC Conference Proceedings (1991)
Intensification Opportunity FFB Yield (t ha -1 ) Soil type Control Maximum Response Inceptisol 18 34 24 36 1 9% Ultisol Oxisol 9 28 26 37 5 24% 12 26 28 35 2 23% Source: Tarmizi et al (1992)
Intensification Opportunity Source Rate Time Place
Intensification Opportunity ENVIRONMENTAL Source Rate Time Place ECONOMIC SOCIAL
3 Plantation Performance Assessment
Plantation Performance Assessment
Plantation Performance Assessment Soil Type? Climate? Fertilizer? Planting Material? Management Control?
Plantation Performance Assessment BREAK EVEN 8~10 kg kg point fresh fruit bunches per kg fertilizer
Plantation Performance Assessment Organize existing performance data for VISUALIZATION Quantify performance change for management DECISIONS Generate performance indicators and metrics for ANALYSES Devise specific performance intervention options for EVALUATION
Plantation Performance Assessment Soil Type? Climate? Fertilizer? Planting Material? Management Control?
Engagement Plantation Performance Pathway Assessment Soil Type? Climate? Fertilizer? Planting Material? Management Control? A B 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Yield Performance Max Average Min C D
Plantation Performance Improvement Conduct a preliminary yield gap analysis Adopt BMP as standard practice. Optional: launch as Estate-Scale Experimentation if greater certainty is needed 6 1 2 Assign BMP and REF blocks throughout estate BMP step-by-step Determine which BMPs are suitable for implementation at the whole plantation, if any 5 3 Implement BMPs and collect data 4 Study data together with plantation managers and conduct a follow-up yield gap analysis
Continuous Performance Improvement 3.0 2.5 Fresh fruit bunch yields among prime-age and old palms Yield at BMP blocks (t/ha/month) 2.0 1.5 Pre-BMP Prime-age palms Pre-BMP Old palms 1 Prime-age palms 1 Old palms 2 Prime-age palms 2 Old palms 3 Prime-age palms 3 Old palms 4 Prime-age palms 4 Old palms 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Yield at REF blocks (t/ha/month) Oberthür et al. International Oil Palm Conference 2012.
Continuous Performance Improvement Increased yields both at optimal & suboptimal growing conditions, ranged from 4.6% - 25.6%, with max oil yield at 6.6 t/ha. (Oberthür et al., 2012) Estimated additional 12 million ha to achieve year 2050 world vegetable oil demand with 5.2 t/ha of oil yield (Corley, 2009) If the estimated yield in year 2050 at 6.6 t/ha, additional land area required would reduce to 5.5 million ha by 2050 Oberthür et al. International Oil Palm Conference 2012.
IPNI Vision of Sustainable Intensification Business Opportunity PALMSIM Model Measure Performance Plantation Intelligence Regional Benchmarking Yield Exchange Continuous Improvement Best Management Practices
IPNI thanks MOSTA organizer Data and results were generated with Indonesian plantation partner, Wilmar International Ltd with support by IPNI Member Company, Canpotex International contact us at seap@ipni.net