Peterborough City Council Energy from Waste Facility Fengate, Peterborough Phase 1 Energy Stury
Peterborough City Council Phase 1 Energy Study
Peterborough City Council Phase 1 Energy Study Jan 2009 Notice This report was produced by Atkins for Peterborough City Council for the specific purpose of the EIA for the proposed Energy from Waste project at Fengate, Peterborough. This report may not be used by any person other than Peterborough City Council without Atkins express permission. In any event, Atkins accepts no liability for any costs, liabilities or losses arising as a result of the use of or reliance upon the contents of this report by any person other than Peterborough City Council. Document History Atkins Limited JOB NUMBER: 5075275 DOCUMENT REF: Phase 1 Energy JH/KSR JJ KSR KSR 28/01/09 Revision Purpose Description Originated Checked Reviewed Authorised Date 5075275
Contents Section Page 1. Introduction 5 2. Energy Study 6 2.1 Summary 6 2.2 Methodology 7 2.3 Description of the Area 7 2.4 Energy Use in Buildings 7 2.5 Potential Heat Demand 9 2.6 Energy Production 9 2.7 Energy Distribution 11 2.8 Value of Energy 11 2.9 Environmental Benefits 12 2.10 Phase 2 Energy Study 12 Appendix A 13 A.1 Data Collected 14 A.2 Map 15 3. Power Connection to Local Network 16 List of Tables Table 2.1 - For older buildings (pre-2006) 9 List of Figures Figure 2.1 Trade-off between heat and electricity generation 10 Figure 2.2 Profile of energy generation 11 5075275 4
1. Introduction As part of the assessment of the proposed EFW development at Fengate, Peterborough by the City Council a Phase 1 Energy study was carried out by Cyclerval-UK. This is reproduced verbatim in Section 2. In addition, consultation with EDF has also been undertaken to assess the potential for connecting the site to the local electricity network. A summary of the discussions are presented in Section 3. 5075275 5
2. Energy Study 2.1 Summary Peterborough City Council is planning an Energy from Waste plant to dispose of residual municipal solid waste. This report describes an energy study to determine the potential heat demand around the proposed site. This is a phase 1 heat study to determine the potential for heat demand from domestic, commercial and industrial properties in the area around the proposed site at Fourth Drove, Peterborough. As a phase 1 study, the aim is only to identify potential heat demand within a distance from the plant that could be connected by a heating pipe system using pipe routes over land in public ownership. There has been no attempt made to contact building owners/occupiers at this stage and all heat demand data has been estimated on a typical per square meter basis. The EfW plant will have a nominal energy input (as fuel) of about 21 MW, approximately 75% of this will be recovered as heat in the heat recovery boiler. The maximum potential heat output from the plant would therefore be in the region of 16 MW. It would be normal to use some, or all, of the recovered heat for electricity production. Up to 4.5 MW electricity could be generated if there was no heat demand. There is the following potential building heating demand local to the plant: Heating demand in local vicinity Commercial properties Cumulative heat capacity MW Annual heat demandcumulative MWh <600m from EfW 8 8,000 <1,200m from EfW 32 32,000 <2,500m from EfW 58 58,000 Include domestic 62.5 62,500 Under the new Waste Framework Directive, EfW is classified as a Recovery operation if it achieves an R1 coefficient of 0.65 or greater. The calculation of R1 is based on an annual calculation. The EfW plant could be classed as Recovery by exporting 40,000 MWh of heat and generating 25,000 MWh of electricity. The EfW plant could be configured to achieve this. The above table of potential heat demand shows that there is up to 62,000 MWh of heating demand for buildings within a 2.5 km radius of the site. In addition there are some industrial process users of heat within the area which are yet to be quantified and would add to this total. Waste as a fuel is classed as about 50% biomass and so helps reduce green house gas emissions by replacing fossil fuels. In the above configuration, the EfW plant would help reduce CO 2 emissions by over 10,000 tonnes per year. The area surveyed could be accessed by heat pipes buried in public roads or in the road side verges. Installing these heat pipes would be a significant undertaking but would potentially generate significant income from energy sales. At todays market value, the energy recovered could be worth over 3,000,000 per year. Peterborough City Council is planning an Energy from Waste plant to dispose of residual municipal solid waste. This report describes a simple phase 1 energy study to determine the potential heat demand around the proposed site. 5075275 6
2.2 Methodology This is a phase 1 heat study to determine the potential for heat demand from domestic, commercial and industrial properties in the area around the proposed site at Fourth Drove, Peterborough. As a phase 1 study, the aim is only to identify potential heat demand within a distance from the plant that could be connected by a heating pipe system using pipe routes over land in public ownership. There has been no attempt made to contact building owners/occupiers at this stage and all heat demand data has been estimated on a typical per square meter basis. The following tasks were completed: from large scale mapping, identify built-up areas around the proposed site. conduct a drive-by study in those areas of interest, noting the type of buildings and use. identify any potential high energy use properties (eg. Existence of chimneys, process equipment, chillers etc). using large scale maps, estimate by measurement and scaling, the area of buildings. from standard heating data, estimate the heat demand per meter squared of building and then the heat demand for the area around the proposed site. for concentric rings around the proposed site, calculate the total potential heat demand and compare with the EfW energy balance to determine a likely configuration. calculate the effect of heat export on the R1 coefficient for the plant and estimate the likely value of the potential heat export in both money and CO2 emission savings. 2.3 Description of the Area The proposed site is in the Fengate area of Peterborough and is immediately adjacent to a well established industrial and commercial area. Annex 2 shows a map of the area. South of Fengate from A1139 in the east to Storeys Bar in the west This is mainly commercial (light industrial, office and warehouse) with one potential process heat customer (Nene Valley Foods). There are a few domestic properties near First drove. Adjacent to the A1139 is a new housing development of apartment blocks by Bellwinch Homes. North of Fengate bounded by A1139, Perkins site and Vicarage Farm Road Mainly commercial with a few domestic properties. Includes the Council Depot on Nursery Lane. West of Edgerley Drain Road, bounded by A1139 in the west, Palmers Road in the North Commercial and retail properties plus the Perkins site and Sainsburys store. Oxney Road Industrial Estate Commercial and office buildings. Tesco distribution centre to the North which may have chilling requirement. West of Parnell Way to A1139 High density housing with school. West of A1139 Fengate sports arena plus swimming pool and Lido south of Bishops Road. High density housing to North of Bishops Road, including schools. The data collected for each area is shown in annex A. 2.4 Energy Use in Buildings The potential energy use was estimated from standard data and building use, building size and number of buildings. No attempt was made to gain actual energy use data from occupiers. 5075275 7
The UK heating requirements are set in the following documents: Insulation U values in the Building Regulations. Comfort heating levels in the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, CIBSE, Guides. The comfort heating levels generally in the range of 17 27ºC depending on specific use of the building. New Building Regulations came into effect in the UK on 1 April 2006 which required a 27% reduction in carbon emissions for new buildings. This results in reduced heating demand from buildings constructed after April 2006. From the drive-by study it is apparent that hardly any of the buildings in the survey area were built post April 2006 and so it is assumed that the energy demand of the buildings is to the old standards. The approximate rule of thumb industry norms for heating demands in buildings constructed prior to 1 April 2006: W/m² General buildings 90 Educational buildings 100 Offices 70 Residential buildings 60 The source of information is BSRIA, the UK s leading centre for building services technologies and information in their Rules of Thumb: 2003 document. The heating requirements post 1 April 2006 following the introduction of the new building regulations could be as follows: W/m² General buildings 66 Educational buildings 73 Offices 51 Residential buildings 44 To convert these heat demand figures into annual heat demand, the typical heating profiles have to be considered. In the UK it is considered that space heating systems are typically used as follows: Heating days/week 7 Hours per day 10 Weeks per annum 32 During the 20 week summer period, it is assumed the external conditions are such that the buildings gain adequate heat naturally (solar gain, occupancy, machinery and appliances). Use of heating profiles then provides two figures: Required heat capacity is the demand when buildings require heat and measured in kw or MW. Annual heat demand is the required heat capacity multiplied by the demand profile and is measured in kwh or MWh. 5075275 8
The required heat capacity can be used to estimate the size of the heating system while the annual heat demand can be used to calculate overall system usage, CO 2 saving, income and efficiency. Table 2.1 - For older buildings (pre-2006) Utilisation Weather factor 60% Occupancy factor 75% Overall 45% For each building type General buildings 90.7 kwh/m 2 /yr Residential buildings Assumed size of domestic properties 100 m 2 60.5 kwh/m 2 /yr Assumed annual heat demand Assumed heat capacity required 6.05 MWh 6 kw 2.5 Potential Heat Demand For estimating heat demand, the buildings have either been classed as General or Domestic and all built before 2006. Based on the survey data collected and presented in annex A, the potential heat demand in the survey area is estimated as follows (presented in concentric zones moving away from the proposed EfW site). Commercial properties Cumulative heat capacity MW Annual heat demandcumulative MWh <600m from EfW 8 8,000 <1,200m from EfW 32 32,000 <2,500m from EfW 58 58,000 Include domestic 62.5 62,500 2.6 Energy Production An EfW plant of the proposed size will recover about 16 MW of energy in the heat recovery boiler. This will be in the form of superheated steam. This steam can be passed through a condensing turbine to generate electricity or can be exported as steam to provide heat directly to users. A combination of electrical generation and heat export can be used, but as heat export increases then the electricity generated decreases (and vice versa). For a combination of heat export and electricity generation, the most efficient arrangement is to put all the steam from the boiler into the turbine but then take-out some of the steam part way down the turbine. This steam will be medium pressure, similar to that used in many industrial boilers, and so can be used directly by industrial and commercial properties for process heating. The figure 2.1 is typical of the trade-off between heat and electricity for a plant of this size. 5075275 9
Figure 2.1 Trade-off between heat and electricity generation 12 10 MW heat export 8 6 4 2 0 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 MW electricity generated Under the new Waste Framework Directive, EfW is classified as a Recovery operation if it achieves an R1 coefficient of 0.65 or greater. The calculation of R1 is based on an annual calculation of energy inputs, heat outputs and electricity generated. The proposed EfW plant could be configured to achieve the 0.65 limit and so be classified as a Recovery operation. The calculation would be: WDF "R1" coefficient = (Ep - (Ef + Ei)) / (0.97 x ( Ew + Ef)) Plant size 21.4 MW Operating hours 7,884 hrs Imports of energy Ei MWh Energy input from waste (net CV) Ew 165,879 MW h Energy inputs from fuels Ef 2,838 MW h Electricity generated Electricity 25,670 MW h Heat export Heat 40,077 MW h Energy produced = 1.1 x heat + 2.6 x electricity Ep 110,828 MW h R1 coefficient = 0.66 To achieve such a configuration the mix of heat export and electricity generated could follow a profile similar to that shown in the figure 2.2 5075275 10
Figure 2.2 Profile of energy generation Electricity Heat 6000 5000 4000 MWh 3000 2000 1000 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec This is typical of a simple winter/summer profile where building heating is required in the winter but very little in summer. Addition into the system of process heat users, where heat is used for an industrial process all year round, would help even out heat demand. Building heating also has a day/night profile where heat is required during the day but not during the night when unoccupied. This profile can be evened out by including large hot water storage tanks in the system that can charge up with heat during the night and support the heat demand during the day. The above example would be classified as a Recovery plant with an R1 coefficient of 0.66. The annual heating demand required for this example is 40,000 MWh. The heat study data shows that there might be up to 62,000 MWh of building heating within a 2.5 km radius of the plant. 2.7 Energy Distribution Distribution of electrical energy could be realised by making a connection to the local distribution network. This energy would then be available to anyone connected to mains electricity. The energy could be either sold to individual users directly or sold to a single energy trading company. If any large single electricity users were identified nearby, then a private cable connection may be more appropriate. Distribution of heat would be by a dedicated network of buried pipes that would take pressurised hot water out from the plant and return cooled water. This would require a significant infrastructure project to install such a buried pipe network. Pipe routes along public highways and the road side verges could be used to gain pipe access to the boundaries of all the properties surveyed. If industrial process heat customers were identified then a separate steam distribution pipe would probably be more appropriate for this energy supply. 2.8 Value of Energy The infrastructure for the energy distribution system might be paid for by the future income from the sale of energy. Current commercial energy prices are typically 30 per MWh for gas and 80 per MWh for electricity (domestic prices are significantly higher). Based on the example used earlier, this would value the energy at: 5075275 11
Heat 40,000 MWh per year at 30 = 1,200,000. Electricity 25,000 MWh per year at 80 = 2,000,000 In addition to this, a certain proportion of the energy may be eligible for Levy Exception Certificates (LEC) and Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROC). These certificates can be traded and currently have a value of 4.50 and 50 per certificate respectively (each certificate represents 1 MWh). In 2009 there is the possibility of a Renewable Heat Certificate also being introduced which could add even more value. 2.9 Environmental Benefits Waste as a fuel has advantages over fossil fuels in that it contains about 50 to 60% biomass in the form of green matter, paper and card. When biomass is burned the CO 2 emitted is classed as biogenic or short term and is not counted towards the greenhouse effect. Energy from the EfW plant will displace energy from gas and electricity which is based on fossil fuel. Green House Gas conversion factors (published by DEFRA) can be used to calculate the equivalent CO 2 displaced. The factor for natural gas is 208 g CO 2 per kwh and for electricity is 540 g CO 2 per kwh. On a very simplistic basis, using the assumption that 50% of the energy from waste is from biomass, then CO 2 savings would be: Heat 40,000,000 kwh at 208 g and 50% replacement = 4,160 tonnes per year. Electricity 25,000,000 kwh at 540 g and 50% replacement = 6,750 tonnes per year. Total CO 2 displaced = 10,910 tonnes per year. 2.10 Phase 2 Energy Study This phase 1 study has identified that there is potential for energy export from the EfW plant. A phase 2 energy study should be commissioned to provide more specific data to allow the assessment to be developed into a more comprehensive scheme. A phase 2 energy study could concentrate on the following: Get specific data on the energy needs of Nene Valley foods process plant. TESCO distribution centre chilling plant. Perkins manufacturing site. Local authority properties in the area (schools, swimming pool, lido). Housing association properties. From a more detailed mapping study, identify pipe routes and quantify distances more accurately. Produce a more accurate energy balance with more attention paid to winter summer profile. Produce a simple economic model showing capital cost of the infrastructure and potential income for the energy export. 5075275 12
Appendix A 5075275 13
A.1 Data Collected Line Area Roads Distance from Commercial Indus trial Civic Domestic Comment Total (excl domestic) m No. Sq M No Sq M No. Sq M No. Sq M Sq M MW heating MWh/yr 4 South of Fengate Third to Fourth Drove 150 15 12000 1 5500 0 0 Including MRF 17500 5 South of Fengate Fourth Drove to Storeys bar 200 5 10000 0 0 0 Excl power station 10000 8 North of Fengate Storeys bar/newark Road 200 24 25000 0 0 0 25000 7 North of Fengate Fengate/newark Road 350 33 35000 0 0 0 35000 3 South of Fengate Second to Third Drove 600 5 1 1500 0 0 1500 Total 0-600m 89000 8.01 8074 9 North of Fengate Newark Road/Boongate/Padholme 700 40 100000 0 0 0 100000 10 North of Fengate Vicarage Farm road area 700 100 100000 0 0 0 Excl Perkins 100000 11 West of Edgerley Drain Road Vicarage Farm to Palmers Road 1000 40 50000 0 0 0 50000 2 South of Fengate First Drove to Second Drove 1200 20 15000 0 0 5 15000 Total 0-1200 354000 31.9 32115 12 West of Edgerley Drain Road Perkins site 1400 1 160000 0 0 160000 1 South of Fengate A1139 to First Drove 1600 20 9500 0 0 15 9500 6 North of Fengate Fengate/Boongate 1600 35 40000 0 0 20 Incl PCC depot 40000 13 West of Edgerley Drain Road Sainsbury site 1600 1 6800 0 0 0 6800 14 Oxney Road Ind Estate 1900 20 22000 0 0 0 22000 15 Tesco distribution centre 2500 1 45000 0 0 0 45000 16 2500 0 0 0 0 1 5000 700 Incl school 5000 740 642300 Total 0-2500 57.8 58269 Housing 4.44 4476 TOTALS 642300 62.2 62745 5075275 14
A.2 Map 9 3 7 9 4 6 9 1 2 5 Key to points on map: 1 EfW site; 2 Nene valley foods; 3 Tesco distribution; 4 Perkins; 5 Fengate; 6 Edgerley Drain Road; 7 Oxney Road Ind Estate; 8 Swimming Pool; 9 Housing. 5075275 15
3. Power Connection to Local Network In late 2008 Peterborough City Council held discussions with the local energy provider, EDF, to discuss the power connection to grid. EDF has confirmed that the connection of the power generation facilities proposed for the Council s site in Fengate is feasible. As part of the initial development, a Food Waste Treatment Plant is to be commenced, subject to planning and other approvals, in late 2009. EDF has confirmed that sufficient capacity is available in the existing local network, but as a minimum the metering would need to be replaced to accommodate the exportation of approximately 750kVa from the facility. From 2012 onwards the Council seeks to commence the development of an Energy-from-Waste facility which could have the capability of exporting 4800kVa. EDF confirmed that while this could be accommodated on the existing 11kV at Peterborough East it is likely to require a dedicated feeder. A switch-room will also need to be provided by Peterborough City Council at the site. 5075275 16