Satellite Based Basmati Crop Acreage and Yield Estimation for Kharif Season-2013

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Satellite Based Basmati Crop Acreage and Yield Estimation for Kharif Season-2013 (Final Report Volume IV, 15 th November 2013) Submitted to: Basmati Export Development Foundation Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) NCUI Building 3, Siri Institutional Area, August Kranti Marg New Delhi-16 Phone: +911126513204, 26514572, Fax: +911126526187 Submitted by: RMSI Private Limited A-8 Sector 16, NOIDA-201301 Pnone No: (0120) 2511102 / 2512101 E-mail: info@rmsi.com

Executive Summary Introduction & Scope of Work This is the final compiled report for kharif 2013, covers IRS images analysis based results of acreage estimation of all rice, basmati (traditional and evolved) and selected nonbasmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) varieties, crop health monitoring, NDVI based yield and production of basmati (traditional & evolved), selected non-basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) varieties and acreage of total rice and basmati rice in Part of Pakistan. Study Area The study area covers 95 districts in seven states. This report provides total acreage of traditional basmati, evolved basmati and selected non-basmati varieties for 21 districts of Punjab, 21 districts of Haryana, 26 districts of Uttar Pradesh, 13 districts of Uttarakhand, 11 districts of Himachal Pradesh and 2 districts of Jammu & Kashmir and Delhi, All the estimates are on the basis of satellite imagery interpretation Excerpts of the Report In Punjab, the total Rice acreage (Basmati & Non Basmati) for the year 2013 has been estimated at 2,784,150 ha. Firozpur district has the highest rice acreage (260,962 ha) followed by Ludhiana (257,317 ha). The area under Basmati 386, 370 basmati acreage & production is estimated at 7,538 ha and 17,846 tonnes. The acreage and production of Pusa 1121, Pusa Basmati 1 and CSR 30 basmati are estimated at 658,941 ha and 2,630,583 tonnes. The area and production under selected Non-Basmati (Sharbati) is estimated at 40,763 ha and 175,695 tonnes. In Haryana, the total area under Rice has been estimated at 1,199,156 ha for all districts. Karnal district has the highest area under rice cultivation (169,690 ha) followed by Kaithal (154,488 ha). The area and production of Pusa 1121, CSR 30 and Pusa Basmati 1 basmati is estimated at 576,984 ha and 2,315,128 tonnes. The acreage and production under selected Non-Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) varieties are estimated at 13,794 ha and 57,821 tonnes. In Uttar Pradesh, the total area under Rice has been estimated at 1,575,702 ha in selected 26 districts. Sahajahanpur district has the highest area under rice (190,386 ha) followed by Barielly (174,242 ha). The acreage & production under Basmati 386, 370 and Type 3 basmati are 8,752 ha and 16,863 tonnes. The acreage and production under total Pusa 1121, Pusa Basmati 1 basmati are estimated at 284,457 ha and 1,154,371 1

tonnes. The acreage and production, under selected Non-Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) varieties, are estimated at 155,611 & 180.291 ha and 612,445 & 809,893 tonnes. In Uttarakhand, the total area under Rice has been estimated 269,014 ha in selected 13 districts. Udam Singh Nagar district has the highest area under rice (101,790 ha) followed by Pithoragarh (22,734 ha). The acreage and production under Basmati 370 and Type 3 basmati is 5,511 ha and 12,242 tonnes. The area and production under Pusa 1121 and Pusa Basmati 1 basmati are estimated at 8,098 ha and 31,158 tonnes. The acreage and production under selected Non-Basmati (Sharbati) varieties are estimated at 27,301 ha 111,988 tonnes. In Himachal Pradesh, the total area under Rice has been estimated 77,950 ha in selected 12 districts. Kangra district has the highest area under rice (37,000 ha) followed by Mandi (20,000 ha). The acreage and production under selected Non Basmati (Sharbati) variety is estimated at 23,358 ha 58,710 tonnes. In Jammu & Kashmir, the total Rice acreage estimated for selected two districts for the year 2009 is estimated at 95,000 ha. The area and production under total Basmati 386 and Ranbir basmati is 38,310 ha and 108,809 tonnes. In Delhi, the total area under Rice has been estimated at 6,095 ha. The area and production under total Pusa 1121, CSR 30 and Pusa Basmati 1 basmati is estimated at 3,578 ha and 15,079 tonnes. The acreage and production under selected Non-Basmati varieties is estimated at 281 ha and 1,312 tonnes. Table 1 Satellite Derived NDVI based Basmati and Non Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) rice Acreage & Production Estimation 2013-14 S No State Acreage in ha, Production in tonnes Basmati Non Basmati Basmati 370. 386, Type Pusa 1121, Pusa Basmati Sugandha Sharbati 3, Ranbir Basmati 1, CSR 30 Acreage Production Acreage Production Acreage Production Acreage Production 1 Punjab 7,538 17,846 658,941 2,630,583 40,763 175,695 2 Haryana 2,124 4,142 576,984 2,315,128 4,231 19,146 9,563 38,675 3 Uttar Pradesh 8,752 16,863 284,457 1,154,371 180,291 809,893 155,611 612,445 4 Uttarakhand 5,511 12,242 8,098 31,158 1,982 8,875 27,301 111,988 5 Jammu &Kashmir 38,310 108,809 8,850 34,944 2,035 8,210 6 Himachal Pradesh 1,795 5,259 1,550 6,100 23,350 58,710 7 Delhi 3,578 15,079 281 1,312 Total 64,030 165,160 1,542,457 6,187,362 186,785 839,227 258,623 1,005,722 2

S No Satellite based Basmati Acreage Estimation 2013-14 Table 2 Basmati & Non-Basmati Production Estimation Kharif 2013-14 Production in per Jute Sack (70 kg) Basmati Non Basmati State Pusa 1121, Pusa Basmati 370, 386, Basmati 1, CSR Sugandha Sharbati Type, Ranbir Basmati 30 1 Punjab 25,494 3,757,976 250,993 2 Haryana 5,917 3,307,326 27,351 55,250 3 Uttar Pradesh 24,090 1,649,101 1,156,990 874,921 4 Uttarakhand 17,489 44,511 12,679 159,983 5 Jammu &Kashmir 155,441 49,920 11,729 6 Himachal Pradesh 7,513 8,714 83,871 7 Delhi 21,541 1,874 Total 235,944 8,839,090 1,198,894 1,436,747 Table 3 Satellite Based Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) acreage Estimation Kharif 2013-14 State wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage S No State Acreage (ha) 1 Punjab 2,784,150 2 Haryana 1,199,156 3 Uttar Pradesh 1,575,702 4 Uttarakhand 269,014 5 Himachal Pradesh 77,950 6 Jammu & Kashmir 95,000 7 Delhi 6,095 Total 6,007,067 Satellite Based Basmati Acreage Estimation in Punjab Province of Pakistan The rice varieties are cultivated in different parts of Pakistan. Punjab region is the largest rice-producing province of Pakistan. The Kalar tract, known as the bowl of basmati rice, lies in this state between Ravi and Chenab rivers. Satellite Based Total Rice Acreage in Punjab Province Satellite based total rice (Basmati and Non Basmati) acreage has estimated 1,784,617 ha in kharif 2013. Satellite Based Basmati Rice Acreage in Punjab Province Satellite based total Basmati rice acreage has estimated 1,135,541 ha in kharif 2013 3

TABLE OF CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 1 1 INTRODUCTION... 6 1.1 BRIEF PROFILE OF ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN THIS STUDY... 6 1.2 PROJECT TEAM... 8 1.3 OBJECTIVE... 8 1.4 STUDY AREA... 8 1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT... 11 1.6 RAINFALL & CLIMATIC CONDITIONS... 11 2 RESULTS... 13 2.1 BASMATI AND NON BASMATI ACREAGE IN THE STUDY AREA... 13 2.2 SATELLITE DERIVED NDVI BASED BASMATI & NON ACREAGE, YIELD AND PRODUCTION ESTIMATION IN STUDY AREA28 2.3 SATELLITE BASED BASMATI ACREAGE ESTIMATION IN PUNJAB PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN... 34 2.3.1 Satellite Based Total Rice Acreage in Punjab Province... 34 2.3.1 Satellite Based Basmati Rice Acreage in Punjab Province... 34 2.4 GPS BASED SURVEY... 34 2.5 SATELLITE-BASED CROP HEALTH RESULT... 37 ANNEXURE I: REPORT SCHEDULE... 39 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 SATELLITE DERIVED NDVI BASED BASMATI AND NON BASMATI (SHARBATI & SUGANDHA) RICE ACREAGE & PRODUCTION ESTIMATION 2013-14... 2 TABLE 2 BASMATI & NON-BASMATI PRODUCTION ESTIMATION KHARIF 2013-14... 3 TABLE 3 SATELLITE BASED TOTAL RICE (BASMATI & NON BASMATI) ACREAGE ESTIMATION KHARIF 2013-14... 3 TABLE 4 LIST OF STATE AND DISTRICTS OF THE STUDY AREA... 10 TABLE 5 PRECIPITATION IN DIFFERENT STATE (1ST JUNE TO 30TH SEP 2013)... 11 TABLE 6 SATELLITE BASED STATE WISE TOTAL RICE (BASMATI & NON BASMATI) ACREAGE ESTIMATION 2013-14... 14 TABLE 7 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE TOTAL RICE (BASMATI & NON BASMATI) ACREAGE ESTIMATION 2013-14 IN PUNJAB... 14 TABLE 8 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE TOTAL RICE (BASMATI & NON BASMATI) ACREAGE ESTIMATION 2013-14 IN HARYANA... 17 TABLE 9 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE TOTAL RICE (BASMATI & NON BASMATI) ACREAGE ESTIMATION 2013-14 IN HIMACHAL PRADESH... 18 TABLE 10 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE TOTAL RICE (BASMATI & NON BASMATI) ACREAGE ESTIMATION 2013-14 IN UTTAR PRADESH & UTTARAKHAND... 18 TABLE 11 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE TOTAL RICE (BASMATI & NON BASMATI) ACREAGE ESTIMATION 2013-14 IN DELHI AND JAMMU & KASHMIR... 22 TABLE 12 SATELLITE BASED STATE WISE BASMATI & NON BASMATI (SHARBATI & SUGANDHA) ACREAGE ESTIMATION 2013-14... 22 TABLE 13 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE BASMATI & NON BASMATI (SHARBATI) ACREAGE ESTIMATION IN PUNJAB 2013-14... 24 TABLE 14 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE BASMATI & NON BASMATI (SHARBATI & SUGANDHA) ACREAGE ESTIMATION 2013-14 IN HARYANA... 25 TABLE 15 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE BASMATI & NON BASMATI (SUGANDHA & SHARBATI) ACREAGE ESTIMATION 2013-14 IN UTTAR PRADESH... 26 TABLE 16 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE BASMATI & NON BASMATI (SHARBATI & SUGANDHA) ACREAGE ESTIMATION IN UTTARAKHAND,... 27 4

TABLE 17 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE BASMATI & NON BASMATI (SHARBATI & SUGANDHA) ACREAGE ESTIMATION 2013-14 IN DELHI, J & K AND HIMACHAL PRADESH... 27 TABLE 18 SATELLITE BASED STATE WISE BASMATI & NON BASMATI (SHARBATI & SUGANDHA) ACREAGE & PRODUCTION ESTIMATION IN STUDY AREA... 28 TABLE 19 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE BASMATI ACREAGE, YIELD & PRODUCTION ESTIMATION IN PUNJAB... 29 TABLE 20 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE BASMATI ACREAGE, YIELD & PRODUCTION ESTIMATION IN HARYANA... 30 TABLE 21 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE BASMATI ACREAGE, YIELD & PRODUCTION ESTIMATION IN UTTAR PRADESH... 31 TABLE 22 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE BASMATI ACREAGE, YIELD & PRODUCTION ESTIMATION IN UTTARAKHAND, J & K, HIMACHAL PRADESH AND DELHI... 31 TABLE 23 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE NON BASMATI (SHARBATI& SUGANDHA) ACREAGE, YIELD & PRODUCTION ESTIMATION IN UTTAR PRADESH... 32 TABLE 24 SATELLITE BASED DISTRICT WISE NON BASMATI (SHARBATI& SUGANDHA) ACREAGE, YIELD & PRODUCTION ESTIMATION IN HARYANA, PUNJAB, UTTARAKHAND, J&K, HP AND DELHI... 33 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 MAP SHOWING STUDY DISTRICTS... 9 FIGURE 2 HEALTHY RICE CROP... 9 FIGURE 3 AVERAGE PRECIPITATION DURING 1 ST JUNE TO 30 TH SEPT 13... 12 FIGURE 4 BASMATI AND NON-BASMATI DISTRIBUTION IN PUNJAB... 15 FIGURE 5 SATELLITE IMAGE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL RICE IN PUNJAB... 15 FIGURE 6 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL RICE IN HARYANA... 16 FIGURE 7 SATELLITE IMAGE OF HARYANA... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. FIGURE 8 BASMATI AND NON-BASMATI DISTRIBUTION IN HARYANA... 17 FIGURE 9 BASMATI AND NON-BASMATI DISTRIBUTION IN UTTAR PRADESH... 19 FIGURE 10 SATELLITE IMAGE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL RICE IN UTTAR PRADESH... 19 FIGURE 11 SATELLITE IMAGE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL RICE IN UTTARAKHAND... 20 FIGURE 12 BASMATI AND NON-BASMATI DISTRIBUTION IN UTTARAKHAND... 20 FIGURE 13 SATELLITE IMAGE OF DELHI... 21 FIGURE 14 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL RICE IN DELHI... 21 FIGURE 15 BASMATI AND NON-BASMATI DISTRIBUTION IN J&K, DELHI AND HIMACHAL PRADESH... 23 FIGURE 16 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF BASMATI & NON BASMATI (SHARBATI) IN PUNJAB... 24 FIGURE 17 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF BASMATI & NON BASMATI (SHARBATI & SUGANDHA) IN HARYANA... 25 FIGURE 18 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF BASMATI & NON BASMATI (SHARBATI & SUGANDHA) IN U P... 26 FIGURE 19 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF BASMATI & NON BASMATI (SHARBATI) IN UTTARAKHAND... 27 FIGURE 20 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF BASMATI & NON BASMATI (SUGANDHA) IN J&K AND DELHI... 28 FIGURE 21 GPS POINT DISTRIBUTION MAP OF PUNJAB... 34 FIGURE 22 GPS POINT DISTRIBUTION MAP OF HARYANA... 35 FIGURE 23 GPS POINT DISTRIBUTION MAP OF UTTAR PRADESH... 35 FIGURE 24 GPS POINT DISTRIBUTION MAP OF UTTARAKHAND... 36 FIGURE 25 GPS POINT DISTRIBUTION MAPS OF J&K, HIMACHAL PRADESH AND DELHI... 36 FIGURE 26 MAP SHOWING THE NDVI VALUES OF STUDY AREA FOR 29TH JULY 13... 37 FIGURE 27 MAP SHOWING THE NDVI VALUES OF STUDY AREA FOR 3RD SEPT AND 15TH SEPT 13... 38 5

1 Introduction Satellite based Basmati Acreage Estimation 2013-14 Basmati rice varieties were developed over centuries in the agricultural lands carved out of the foothills of the Himalaya. The first written reference to Basmati rice dates back to the beginning of the eighteenth century, and since then, farmers have developed hundreds of types of this fragrant variety. Today, Basmati paddies can be found around the world, but it is in the Indian Himalayas near the area where the rice variety was first developed that some of the best Basmati rice is still grown. Basmati rice is cultivated in a region that is flat, no higher than 700 meters altitude, located south of the Ganges River and north of the Yamuna River. All of the phases of cultivation are done by hand with traditional methods (from the transplanting of the seed to the harvest) and simple tools are used: sickle, plough and wooden harrow dragged by oxen. The rice is cultivated in rotation with peas, pulses, millets and wheat, or with mustard and wheat grain. Basmati rice is grown exclusively in the northern part of Indian subcontinent, which includes states of Punjab (on both sides of the Indo-Pakistan border), Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Delhi, parts of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh. Haryana accounts for around 50% of the area under basmati rice in India, followed by Uttar Pradesh with 25% and Punjab with 18%. The current study of Kharif-13 covers 95 districts of 7 states (Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Delhi, Part of Uttar Pradesh, and Jammu & Kashmir) for Basmati (Evolved and Traditional) rice, Non-Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) rice yield and production estimation. 1.1 Brief Profile of Organizations involved in this study Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA): APEDA was established in December 1985 by Government of India and enacted in 1986 as an autonomous organization under Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India for the development and promotion of exports of certain agriculture and processed food products for matters connected therewith. Its goal are to maximize foreign exchange earnings through increased agro exports, to provide better income to the farmers through higher unit value realization and to create employment opportunities in rural areas by encouraging value added exports of farm produce. APEDA offers financial assistance to exporters, growers, trade associations and government agencies for promoting and developing agro-exports. 6

Basmati Export Development Foundation (BEDF): Satellite based Basmati Acreage Estimation 2013-14 Basmati Export Development Foundation is a registered society promoted by APEDA and Basmati Export Trade in the year of 2002-03 with the objective to promote and protect authentic Basmati Rice. The main objective, of BEDF is to undertake and promote programs relating to application technology, research and development, including evaluation of region-specific agronomic practices. Evaluation trials of new promising varieties, seed multiplication projects, development and execution of contract farming and field-execution projects, and development of other relationship patterns between various stakeholders involved in development, growing, milling, processing, trading and exporting of Basmati Rice. The laboratory recently been developed at Meerut has state of art research facilities including DNA finger printing technique for basmati. All India Rice Exporters Association (AIREA) All India Rice Exporters Association (AIREA) born in October 1989 is presently recognized as the only Apex body of Indian Rice exporters both in India and abroad. Apart from major rice exporters, its member includes Multination s, Co-operative bodies and Public Sector undertaking etc. It has been representing the trade within the state / country as well as abroad and has established a proven record of accomplishment in grapping and solving the rice exporters. The association offers numerous services to its members and its deals with various government agencies, APEDA, FCI etc for projecting the problems of its members and finding solution for the same. The association monthly publication, Rice India gives comprehensive coverage regarding complete rice situation and it s widely circulated and respected amongst exporters and traders both nationally and internationally. RMSI Private Limited: At the leading edge of geospatial and information technology, RMSI develops innovative solutions that integrate geographic information with niche business applications. The company follows a vertical market strategy and provides comprehensive geospatial and software services to clients across the globe, in sectors ranging from: Agriculture and Natural Resources Land Information Management Risk and Insurance Utilities and Core Geospatial. (Cartography, Data Mapping Migration / Conflation, Image Processing and Remote Sending) Wireless Telecommunications RMSI's core competency lies in providing solutions across the entire geospatial value chain - from data, to software development, to modeling, analytics, and consulting. The ability to offer complete solutions, comprising data, software, and engineering under one roof, is a key differentiator for the company. Today, RMSI's resource base comprises 7

over 1,000 GIS and software specialists. The combination of technical, financial, and human resource strengths, coupled with domain knowledge in many vertical markets, makes RMSI a unique global solution provider. RMSI continuously seeks to achieve excellence in all aspects of its operations and is a CMMI level 5 assessed and ISO 27001 and 9001:2008 certified company. The company has adopted these standards to provide the highest levels of software development processes and information security to its clients. 1.2 Project Team Dr K S Siva Subramanian, Project In-Charge Mr. Dinesh Kar, Project Manager Mr. Yogesh Kumar Singh, Project Manager & Agriculture Expert Mr. Rajeev Kumar Singh, Remote Sensing Expert Mr. Nitin Kumar Gupta, Remote Sensing Expert Dr Mukesh Upamanyu, Agronomist Mr. Vikrant Kumar, Entomologist Mr. Neeraj Hudda, Remote Sensing Expert Mr. Gaurav Kumar, Remote Sensing Expert Mr. Pramod Kute, Remote Sensing Expert 1.3 Objective The main objective of the project envisages satellite based crop acreage estimation, health monitoring and yield estimation of Basmati (Evolved, Traditional), Non-basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) rice production estimation for Kharif 20013-14 using remote sensing and GIS technique. 1.4 Study area The study for kharif 2013 is stretched between 26 0 11 N to 360 20 N latitude and 73 0 59 to 81 0 11 E longitude covering an area of 288,416 sq km for Basmati growing districts. This area includes 21 districts of Punjab, 21 districts of Haryana, 26 districts of Uttar Pradesh, 13 districts of Uttarakhand, 1 district of Delhi, 12 districts of Himachal Pradesh and 2 districts of Jammu & Kashmir. The list and map of the study districts are given in Table1 and Fig.1, respectively 8

Figure 1 Map showing Study districts Figure 2 Healthy Rice crop 9

Table 4 List of State and Districts of the study area Delhi Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Uttarakhand Punjab Haryana Uttar Pradesh Agra Aligarh Auraiya Badaun Bagpat Amritsar Ambala Bareilly Barnala Bhiwani Bijnor Bathinda Faridabad Bullandshahr Faridkot Palwal Etah Fatehgarh Fatehabad Etawah Ferozepur Gurgaon Farrukhabad Gurdaspur Hisar Firozabad Pathankot Jhajjar Gautam Budh Almora Hoshiarpur Jind Ghaziabad Bilaspur Bageshwar Jalandhar Kaithal Hathras Chamba Chamoli Kapurthala Karnal Jp Nagar Hamirpur Champawat Ludhiana Kurukshetra Kannauj Kangra Dehradun Mansa Mahendragarh Mainpuri Kinnaur Haridwar Moga Mewat Mathura Kullu Nainital Mohali Panchkula Meerut Lahul & Spiti Pauri Garhwal Muktsar Panipat Moradabad Mandi Pithoragarh Nawanshahr Rewari Muzaffar Nagar Shimla Rudraprayag Patiala Rohtak Pilibhit Sirmaur Tehri Garhwal Rupnagar Sirsa Rampur Jammu Solan Udham Singh Sangrur Sonipat Sahajahanpur Delhi kathua Una Uttarkashi Taran Taran Yamunanagar Saharanpur 10

1.5 Scope of the Project To conduct this study, under mentioned applications were covered. I. Acreage estimation of all rice, Basmati crop differentiated in traditional and evolved varieties and Non-Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) selected varieties II. Satellite image based crop health monitoring and analysis. III. Satellite derived NDVI based yield estimation and estimated production. IV. Total rice and basmati rice acreage estimation in Punjab area of Pakistan. 1.6 Rainfall & Climatic Conditions Most of the agriculture in India is rainfall dependant. Current year has shown changes in rainfall pattern all over India. Hence continues monitoring of weather was undertaken. Table 2 describes rainfall situation for the month of June to September 2013. Weather data had been collected from Indian Meteorological Database. The precipitation scenario in the Meteorological Divisions in different states is given in table 2. Figure 3 shows in June to Sept month excess rainfall in Jammu & Kashmir state, normal rainfall in Uttarakhand, Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh, and deficient rainfall in Haryana state. Table 5 Precipitation in different state (1st June to 30th Sep 2013) S No State's Name Normal (mm) Actual (mm) Difference from Normal (%) Remark 1 Haryana 466 363.3-22 Deficient 2 Punjab 491.9 480-2 Normal 3 Uttar Pradesh 769.4 758.6-1 Normal 4 Jammu & Kashmir 534.6 651.1 22 Excess 5 Himachal Pradesh 825.3 775.2-6 Normal 6 Uttarakhand 1229.1 1374.2 12 Normal Source: Indian Meteorological Department 11

Source: Indian Meteorological Department Figure 3 Average Precipitation during 1 st June to 30 th Sept 13 12

2 Results 2.1 Basmati and Non Basmati Acreage in the Study Area In Punjab, the total Rice acreage (Basmati & Non Basmati) for the year 2013 has been estimated at 2,784,150 ha. Firozpur district has the highest rice acreage (260,962 ha) followed by Ludhiana (257,317 ha). The area under Basmati 386, 370 basmati acreage & production is estimated at 7,538 ha and 17,846 tonnes. The acreage and production of Pusa 1121, Pusa Basmati 1 and CSR 30 basmati are estimated at 658,941 ha and 2,630,583 tonnes. The area and production under selected Non-Basmati (Sharbati) is estimated at 40,763 ha and 175,695 tonnes. In Haryana, the total area under Rice has been estimated at 1,199,156 ha for all districts. Karnal district has the highest area under rice cultivation (169,690 ha) followed by Kaithal (154,488 ha). The area and production of Pusa 1121, CSR 30 and Pusa Basmati 1 basmati is estimated at 576,984 ha and 2,315,128 tonnes. The acreage and production under selected Non-Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) varieties are estimated at 13,794 ha and 57,821 tonnes. In Uttar Pradesh, the total area under Rice has been estimated at 1,575,702 ha in selected 26 districts. Sahajahanpur district has the highest area under rice (190,386 ha) followed by Bareilly (174,242 ha). The acreage & production under Basmati 386, 370 and Type 3 basmati are 8,752 ha and 16,863 tonnes. The acreage and production under total Pusa 1121, Pusa Basmati 1 basmati are estimated at 284,457 ha and 1,154,371 tonnes. The acreage and production, under selected Non-Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) varieties, are estimated at 155,611 & 180.291 ha and 612,445 & 809,893 tonnes. In Uttarakhand, the total area under Rice has been estimated 269,014 ha in selected 13 districts. Udam Singh Nagar district has the highest area under rice (101,790 ha) followed by Pithoragarh (22,734 ha). The acreage and production under Basmati 370 and Type 3 basmati is 5,511 ha and 12,242 tonnes. The area and production under Pusa 1121 and Pusa Basmati 1 basmati are estimated at 8,098 ha and 31,158 tonnes. The acreage and production under selected Non-Basmati (Sharbati) varieties are estimated at 27,301 ha 111,988 tonnes. In Himachal Pradesh, the total area under Rice has been estimated 77,950 ha in selected 12 districts. Kangra district has the highest area under rice (37,000 ha) followed 13

by Mandi (20,000 ha). The acreage and production under selected Non-Basmati (Sharbati) variety is estimated at 23,358 ha 58,710 tonnes. In Jammu & Kashmir, the total Rice acreage estimated for selected two districts for the year 2009 is estimated at 95,000 ha. The area and production under total Basmati 386 and Ranbir basmati is 38,310 ha and 108,809 tonnes. In Delhi, the total area under Rice has been estimated at 6,095 ha. The area and production under total Pusa 1121, CSR 30 and Pusa Basmati 1 basmati is estimated at 3,578 ha and 15,079 tonnes. The acreage and production under selected Non-Basmati varieties is estimated at 281 ha and 1,312 tonnes. Table 6 Satellite based State wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage Estimation 2013-14 State wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage S No State Acreage (ha) 1 Punjab 2,784,150 2 Haryana 1,199,156 3 Uttar Pradesh 1,575,702 4 Uttarakhand 269,014 5 Himachal Pradesh 77,950 6 Jammu & Kashmir 95,000 7 Delhi 6,095 Total 6,007,067 Table 7 Satellite based District wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage Estimation 2013-14 in Punjab District wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage S No District Acreage (ha) 1 Amritsar 179,282 2 Barnala 106,108 3 Bhatinda 107,552 4 Faridkot 104,733 5 Fatehgarh Sahib 84,755 6 Firozpur 260,962 7 Gurdaspur + 8 Pathankot 202,000 9 Hoshiarpur 69,800 10 Jalandhar 160,086 11 Kapurthala 111,943 12 Ludhiana 257,317 13 Mansa 80,226 14 Moga 172,981 15 Mukatsar 111,971 16 NawaShahar 54,302 17 Patiala 224,739 18 Rupnagar 37,500 19 Sangrur 254,119 20 SAS Nagar (Mohali) 35,079 21 Taran Taran 168,695 Total Punjab 2,784,150 14

Basmati and Non Basmati Acreage in Punjab, Kharif 2013 7,538, 0% 658,941, 24% Basmati 370, 386, Ranbir,Type 3 Pusa 1121, PB 1, CSR 30 39,113, 1% 0, 0% Sharbati Sugandha 2,078,558, 75% Other Rice Figure 4 Basmati and Non-basmati distribution in Punjab Figure 5 Satellite Image and spatial distribution of Total Rice in Punjab 15

Figure 6 Satellite Image of Haryana Figure 7 Spatial distribution of Total Rice in Haryana 16

Table 8 Satellite based District wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage Estimation 2013-14 in Haryana District wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage Kharif 2013-14 S No District Acreage (ha) 1 Ambala 78,682 2 Bhiwani 19,919 3 Faridabad + 4 Palwal 37,990 5 Fatehabad 85,740 6 Gurgaon 4,873 7 Hissar 44,186 8 Jhajjar 28,286 9 Jind 100,109 10 Kaithal 154,488 11 Karnal 169,690 12 Kurkshetra 114,034 13 Mewat 5,887 14 MahendraGarh 833 15 Panchkula 8,998 16 Panipat 76,640 17 Rewari 2,975 18 Rohtak 38,850 19 Sirsa 61,898 20 Sonepat 89,744 21 Yamunanagar 75,334 Total Haryana 1,199,156 Basmati and Non Basmati Acreage in Haryana, Kharif 2013 2,124, 0.00 Basmati 370, 386, Ranbir,Type 3 Pusa 1121, PB 1, CSR 30 606,254, 0.51 576,984, 0.48 Sharbati Sugandha 4,231, 0.00 9,563, 0.01 Other Rice Figure 8 Basmati and Non-basmati distribution in Haryana 17

Table 9 Satellite based District wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage Estimation 2013-14 in Himachal Pradesh District wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage in Himachal Pradesh S No District Acreage (ha) 1 Bilaspur* 1,600 2 Chamba* 2,600 3 Hamirpur* 2,100 4 Kangra* 37,000 5 Kinnaur* 250 6 Kulu* 1,200 7 Mandi* 20,000 8 Simla* 1,600 9 Sirmaur* 5,000 10 Solan* 4,600 11 Una* 2,000 Total Himachal Pradesh 77,950 * DAO extrapolated data Table 10 Satellite based District wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage Estimation 2013-14 in Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand Satellite based District wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage Satellite based District wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage S No District Acreage (ha) S No District Acreage (ha) 1 Agra 4,846 1 Almora* 19,529 2 Aligarh 84,128 2 Bageshwar* 13,407 3 Auraiya 45,682 3 Chamoli* 12,530 4 Badaun 79,558 4 Champawat* 8,517 5 Bagpat 3,414 5 Dehradun 11,040 6 Barielly 174,242 6 Haridwar 16,184 7 Bijnor 51,199 7 Nainital 12,327 8 Bulandshar 83,731 8 Pauri Garhwal* 18,268 9 Etah + 29,979 9 Pithoragarh* 22,734 10 Etawah 44,697 10 Rudrapryaag* 9,091 11 Farrukabad 13,887 11 Teri Garwal* 12,839 12 Firozabad 19,750 12 U S Nagar 101,790 13 Gautam Buddha Nagar 27,923 13 Uttarkashi* 10,760 14 Ghaziabad 25,505 Total Uttarakhand 269,014 15 Hatras 20,179 * DAO extrapolated data 16 J P Nagar 24,334 17 Kannauj 18,535 18 Mainpuri 71,011 19 Mathura 55,773 20 Meerut 20,885 21 Mordabad 124,705 22 Muzaffarnagar + 28,818 23 Pilibhit 149,987 24 Rampur 131,188 25 Saharanpur 51,359 26 Shajahanpur 190,387 Total Uttar Pradesh 1,575,702 18

Basmati and Non Basmati Acreage in Uttar Pradesh, Kharif 2013 8,752, 1% 284,457, 18% Basmati 370, 386, Ranbir,Type 3 Pusa 1121, PB 1, CSR 30 155,611, 10% Sharbati 946,591, 60% 180,291, 11% Sugandha Other Rice Figure 9 Basmati and Non-basmati distribution in Uttar Pradesh Figure 10 Satellite Image and spatial distribution of Total Rice in Uttar Pradesh 19

Figure 11 Satellite Image and spatial distribution of Total Rice in Uttarakhand Basmati and Non Basmati Acreage in Uttarakhand, Kharif 2013 5,511, 2% 8,098, 3% 27,301, 10% 1,982, 1% Basmati 370, 386, Ranbir,Type 3 Pusa 1121, PB 1, CSR 30 Sharbati Sugandha 226,122, 84% Other Rice Figure 12 Basmati and Non-basmati distribution in Uttarakhand 20

Figure 13 Satellite Image of Delhi Figure 14 spatial distribution of Total Rice in Delhi 21

Table 11 Satellite based District wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage Estimation 2013-14 in Delhi and Jammu & Kashmir District wise Total Rice (Basmati & Non Basmati) Acreage S No State District Acreage (ha) 1 Delhi Delhi 6,095 Total Delhi 6,095 1 Jammu 51,500 Jammu & Kashmir 2 Kathua 43,500 Total Jammu & Kasmir 95,000 S No Table 12 Satellite based State wise Basmati & Non Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) Acreage Estimation 2013-14 State wise Basmati & Non-Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) Acreage Estimation, Basmati Rice Acreage (ha) Non-Basmati Rice Acreage (ha) State Basmati 370, 386, Type 3, Ranbir Pusa 1121, PB 1, CSR 30 Sharbati Sugandha 1 Punjab 7,538 658,941 39,113-2 Haryana 2,124 576,984 9,563 4,231 3 Uttar Pradesh 8,752 284,457 155,611 180,291 4 Uttarakhand 5,511 8,098 27,301 1,982 5 Jammu & Kashmir 38,310 8,850 2,035-6 Himachal Pradesh 1,795 1,550 23,350-7 Delhi - 3,578-281 Total 64,030 1,542,457 256,973 186,785 22

Figure 15 Basmati and Non-basmati distribution in J&K, Delhi and Himachal Pradesh 23

Table 13 Satellite based District wise Basmati & Non Basmati (Sharbati) Acreage Estimation in Punjab 2013-14 District wise Basmati & Non-Basmati (Sharbati) Acreage Estimation Basmati Rice Acreage (ha) Non-Basmati Acreage (ha) S District Basmati 370, Pusa 1121, PB 1, No Sharbati 386 CSR 30 1 Amritsar 1,856 85,974 10,491 2 Barnala - 14,711-3 Bhatinda - 17,842-4 Faridkot - 16,725 1,899 5 Fatehgarh SAHIB - 19,451 1,578 6 Firozpur - 58,977-7 Gurdaspur + 8 Pathankot 1,013 74,044 15,585 9 Hoshiarpur 235 8,616-10 Jalandhar 1,382 26,338-11 Kapurthala 742 19,242-12 Ludhiana - 30,375-13 Mansa - 11,689-14 Moga - 11,840-15 Mukatsar - 22,231-16 NawaShahar - 7,900-17 Patiala 1,005 58,726 2,250 18 Rupnagar - 6,840-19 Sangrur - 81,789-20 SAS Nagar (Mohali) - 8,488-21 Taran Taran 1,305 77,143 7,310 Total 7,538 658,941 39,113 Figure 16 Spatial distribution of Basmati & Non Basmati (Sharbati) in Punjab 24

S No Table 14 Satellite based District wise Basmati & Non Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) Acreage Estimation 2013-14 in Haryana District wise Basmati & Non-Basmati Acreage Estimation Non-Basmati Rice Acreage Basmati Rice Acreage (ha) (ha) District Pusa 1121, Pusa Basmati 370, 386 Sharbati Sugandha Basmati 1, CSR 30 1 Ambala - 6,886 - - 2 Bhiwani - 15,898 - - 3 Faridabad + - - - 29,125 4 Palwal - - - 5 Fatehabad - 30,231 - - 6 Gurgaon - 3,090 - - 7 Hissar - 30,680 - - 8 Jhajjar - 21,842-669 9 Jind - 55,642 1,331-10 Kaithal - 64,260 - - 11 Karnal - 75,062 2,500 790 12 Kurkshetra - 37,297 824-13 Mewat - 2,943-704 14 MahendraGarh - - - - 15 Panchkula 2124 - - - 16 Panipat - 58,048 1,661-17 Rewari - 1,469 - - 18 Rohtak - 31,676 - - 19 Sirsa - 47,595 - - 20 Sonepat - 50,649 1,530 2,068 21 Yamunanagar - 14,594 1,717 - Total 2,124 576,984 9,563 4,231 Figure 17 Spatial distribution of Basmati & Non Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) in Haryana 25

S No Table 15 Satellite based District wise Basmati & Non Basmati (Sugandha & Sharbati) Acreage Estimation 2013-14 in Uttar Pradesh District wise Kharif Basmati & Non-Basmati Acreage Basmati Rice Acreage (ha) Non-Basmati Rice Acreage (ha) District Type 3, Pusa 1121, Pusa Sharbati Sugandha Basmati 370, Basmati 1, 1 Agra - 380-2,434 2 Aligarh - 28,722 3,902 30,164 3 Auraiya - 1,549-3,175 4 Badaun 3,778 17,419 17,555 7,342 5 Bagpat - 1,897 688-6 Barielly 885 17,149 27,902 8,938 7 Bijnor - 14,000 12,500 1,800 8 Bulandshar - 34,582 3,345 28,241 9 Etah + - 6,535-9,880 10 Etawah - 3,852-3,320 11 Farrukabad - 950 470 1,728 12 Firozabad - 6,940-8,677 13 G B Nagar - 13,913 792 4,799 14 Ghaziabad - 15,495 4,211 2,330 15 Hatras - 5,290-9,217 16 J P Nagar - 5,337 10,274 3,696 17 Kannauj - 1,545-2,133 18 Mainpuri - 6,782-12,965 19 Mathura 715 18,921 3,010 14,514 20 Meerut - 12,193 1,176 1,500 21 Moradabad 1,890 11,404 11,815 8,363 22 Muzaffarnagar + 750 15,916 680 1,700 23 Pilibhit - 7,600 12,057 1,150 24 Rampur - 9,450 22,302 3,245 25 Saharanpur - 13,351 15,057 2,180 26 Shajahanpur 734 13,286 7,876 6,801 Total 8,752 284,457 155,611 180,291 Figure 18 Spatial distribution of Basmati & Non Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) in U P 26

Table 16 Satellite based District wise Basmati & Non Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) Acreage Estimation in Uttarakhand, District wise Basmati & Non-Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) Acreage Basmati Rice Acreage (ha) Non-Basmati Rice Acreage (ha) S District Basmati 370, Pusa 1121, Pusa No Sharbati Sugandha Ranbir, Type 3 Basmati 1, 1 Dehradun 1,133 710 1,444 450 2 Haridwar 2,278 2,026 2,216 1,532 3 Nainital 350 500 2,500-4 U S Nagar 1,750 4,862 21,141 - Total 5,511 8,098 27,301 1,982 Figure 19 Spatial distribution of Basmati & Non Basmati (Sharbati) in Uttarakhand Table 17 Satellite based District wise Basmati & Non Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) Acreage Estimation 2013-14 in Delhi, J & K and Himachal Pradesh District wise Basmati & Non-Basmati Acreage Estimation Basmati Rice Acreage (ha) Non-Basmati Rice Acreage (ha) S No District Basmati 370, 386, Pusa 1121, PB 1, Ranbir, CSR 30 Sharbati Sugandha 1 Delhi 3,578 281 Total Delhi 3,578 281 1 Jammu 34,145 7,355 1,485 2 Kathua 4,165 1,495 550 Total Jammu & Kashmir 38,310 8,850 2,035 1 Kangra 1,295 1,100 16,650 2 Mandi 500 450 6,700 Total Himachal Pradesh 1,795 1,550 23,350 27

Figure 20 Spatial distribution of Basmati & Non Basmati (Sugandha) in J&K and Delhi S No 2.2 Satellite Derived NDVI based Basmati & Non Acreage, Yield and Production Estimation in Study Area A Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an equation that takes into account the amount of infrared reflected by plants. Live green plants absorb solar radiation, which they use as a source of energy in the process of photosynthesis. The reason NDVI is related to vegetation is that healthy vegetation reflects very well in the near-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The equation used in NDVI calculation is = + State and district wise acreage, yield and production estimations are given below in tables. Table 18 Satellite based State wise Basmati & Non Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) Acreage & Production Estimation in Study Area Acreage in ha, Production in tonnes State Basmati 370. 386, Type 3, Ranbir Basmati Pusa 1121, Pusa Basmati 1, CSR 30 28 Sugandha Non Basmati Sharbati Acreage Production Acreage Production Acreage Production Acreage Production 1 Punjab 7,538 17,846 658,941 2,630,583 40,763 175,695 2 Haryana 2,124 4,142 576,984 2,315,128 4,231 19,146 9,563 38,675 3 Uttar Pradesh 8,752 16,863 284,457 1,154,371 180,291 809,893 155,611 612,445 4 Uttarakhand 5,511 12,242 8,098 31,158 1,982 8,875 27,301 111,988 5 Jammu & Kashmir 38,310 108,809 8,850 34,944 2,035 8,210 6 Himachal Pradesh 1,795 5,259 1,550 6,100 23,350 58,710 7 Delhi 3,578 15,079 281 1,312 Total 64,030 165,160 1,542,457 6,187,362 186,785 839,227 258,623 1,005,722

S No Table 19 Satellite based District wise Basmati Acreage, Yield & Production Estimation in Punjab Acreage in ha, Yield ton/ha and Production in tonnes Basmati District Basmati 370. 386, Type 3, Ranbir Pusa 1121, Pusa Basmati 1, CSR 30 Acreage Yield Production Acreage Yield Production 1 Amritsar 1,856 23.99 4,453 85,974 3.77 323,762 2 Barnala 14,711 4.35 63,999 3 Bhatinda 17,842 4.36 77,810 4 Faridkot 16,725 4.05 67,681 5 Fatehgarh Sahib 19,451 4.13 80,378 6 Firozpur 58,977 3.81 224,984 7 Gurdaspur + 8 Pathankot 1,013 22.57 2,286 74,044 3.89 288,080 9 Hoshiarpur 235 22.57 530 8,616 3.78 32,582 10 Jalandhar 1,382 23.56 3,257 26,338 4.02 106,004 11 Kapurthala 742 21.72 1,612 19,242 4.04 77,659 12 Ludhiana 30,375 4.16 126,481 13 Mansa 11,689 4.12 48,209 14 Moga 11,840 3.73 44,195 15 Mukatsar 22,231 4.45 98,932 16 NawaShahar 7,900 3.87 30,610 17 Patiala 1,005 25.64 2,577 58,726 4.13 242,250 18 Rupnagar 6,840 3.79 25,909 19 Sangrur 81,789 4.31 352,478 20 SAS Nagar (Mohali) 8,488 4.06 34,481 21 Taran Taran 1,305 23.99 3,131 77,143 3.68 284,098 Total Punjab 7,538 17,846 658,941 2,630,583 29

Table 20 Satellite based District wise Basmati Acreage, Yield & Production Estimation in Haryana Acreage in ha, Yield ton/ha and Production in tonnes Basmati S District No Basmati 370. 386, Type 3, Pusa 1121, Pusa Basmati 1, CSR Ranbir 30 Acreage Yield Production Acreage Yield Production 1 Ambala 6,886 3.82 26,307 2 Bhiwani 15,898 3.85 61,257 3 Faridabad + 4 Palwal 29,125 4.10 119,516 5 Fatehabad 30,231 4.23 127,804 6 Gurgaon 3,090 4.09 12,650 7 Hissar 30,680 3.94 120,759 8 Jhajjar 21,842 4.05 88,359 9 Jind 55,642 3.93 218,581 10 Kaithal 64,260 3.80 244,326 11 Karnal 75,062 3.84 287,951 12 Kurkshetra 37,297 3.97 147,905 13 Mewat 2,943 4.00 11,770 14 MahendraGarh 15 Panchkula 2,124 1.95 4,142 16 Panipat 58,048 4.03 233,753 17 Rewari 1,469 4.09 6,012 18 Rohtak 31,676 4.04 127,838 19 Sirsa 47,595 4.39 208,884 20 Sonepat 50,649 4.18 211,463 21 Yamunanagar 14,594 4.11 59,992 Total Haryana 2,124 4,142 576,984 2,315,128 30

S No 1 Table 21 Satellite based District wise Basmati Acreage, Yield & Production Estimation in Uttar Pradesh Acreage in ha, Yield (ton/ha) and Production in tonnes S Basmati District No Basmati 370. 386, Type 3 Pusa 1121, Pusa Basmati 1, Acreage Yield Production Acreage Yield Production 1 Agra 380 3.90 1,482 2 Aligarh 28,722 4.05 116,266 3 Auraiya 1,549 3.89 6,019 4 Badaun 3778 1.94 7315 17,419 3.99 69,429 5 Bagpat 1,897 4.16 7,896 6 Barielly 885 1.94 1713 17,149 4.08 70,007 7 Bijnor 14,000 3.95 55,296 8 Bulandshar 34,582 4.39 151,866 9 Etah + 6,535 3.99 26,045 10 Etawah 3,852 3.99 15,353 11 Farrukabad 950 3.52 3,343 12 Firozabad 6,940 3.71 25,753 13 G B Nagar 13,913 3.99 55,497 14 Ghaziabad 15,495 3.99 61,779 15 Hatras 5,290 4.00 21,152 16 J P Nagar 5,337 4.08 21,779 17 Kannauj 1,545 3.52 5,437 18 Mainpuri 6,782 4.00 27,119 19 Mathura 715 1.90 1358 18,921 4.09 77,388 20 Meerut 12,193 4.20 51,193 21 Mordabad 1890 1.90 3590 11,404 4.02 45,887 22 Muzaffarnagar + 750 1.95 1465 15,916 4.00 63,620 23 Pilibhit 7,600 3.93 29,872 24 Rampur 9,450 4.01 37,873 25 Saharanpur 13,351 4.01 53,523 26 Shajahanpur 734 1.94 1422 13,286 4.03 53,497 Total Uttar Pradesh 8,752 16,863 284,457 1,154,371 Table 22 Satellite based District wise Basmati Acreage, Yield & Production Estimation in Uttarakhand, J & K, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi State Acreage in ha, Yield (ton/ha) and Production in tonnes District Basmati Basmati 370. 386, Type 3, Ranbir Pusa 1121, Pusa Basmati 1, CSR 30 Acreage Yield Production Acreage Yield Production Dehradun 1,133 2.22 2,510 710 3.90 2,767 2 Haridwar 2,278 2.23 5,069 2,026 3.64 7,374 Uttarakhand 3 Nainital 350 2.15 751 500 3.86 1,932 4 U S Nagar 1,750 2.24 3,912 4,862 3.93 19,086 Total Uttarakhand 5,511 12,242 8,098 31,158 1 Jammu 34,145 2.85 97,313 7,355 3.97 29,217 Jammu & Kashmir 2 Kathua 4,165 2.76 11,495 1,495 3.83 5,728 Total Jammu & Kashmir 38,310 108,809 8,850 34,944 31

1 Kangra 1,295 2.93 3,794 1,100 3.94 4,329 Himachal Pradesh 2 Mandi 500 2.93 1,465 450 3.94 1,771 Total Himachal Pradesh 1,795 5,259 1,550 6,100 1 Delhi Delhi 3,578 4.21 15,079 Total Delhi 3,578 15,079 Table 23 Satellite based District wise Non Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) Acreage, Yield & Production Estimation in Uttar Pradesh Acreage in ha, Yield (ton/ha) and Production in tonnes S No District Sugandha Non Basmati Sharbati Acreage Yield Production Acreage Yield Production 1 Agra 2,434 4.32 10,506 2 Aligarh 30,164 4.25 128,170 3,902 35.33 13,785 3 Auraiya 3,175 4.48 14,237 4 Badaun 7,342 4.58 33,656 17,555 40.47 71,044 5 Bagpat 688 39.33 2,706 6 Barielly 8,938 4.58 40,972 27,902 40.94 114,231 7 Bijnor 1,800 4.48 8,060 12,500 35.19 43,984 8 Bulandshar 28,241 5.09 143,783 3,345 35.33 11,817 9 Etah + 9,880 4.52 44,662 10 Etawah 3,320 4.32 14,340 11 Farrukabad 1,728 4.30 7,425 470 40.94 1,924 12 Firozabad 8,677 4.39 38,064 Gautam Buddha 13 4,799 4.25 20,415 792 39.14 3,100 Nagar 14 Ghaziabad 2,330 4.25 9,912 4,211 39.14 16,483 15 Hatras 9,217 4.52 41,666 16 J P Nagar 3,696 4.48 16,548 10,274 37.17 38,184 17 Kannauj 2,133 4.48 9,564 18 Mainpuri 12,965 4.46 57,811 19 Mathura 14,514 4.32 62,650 3,010 35.33 10,634 20 Meerut 1,500 4.32 6,475 1,176 39.8 4,680 21 Mordabad 8,363 4.32 36,099 11,815 38.58 45,581 22 Muzaffarnagar + 1,700 4.48 7,613 680 38.3 2,604 23 Pilibhit 1,150 4.58 5,272 12,057 40.94 49,361 24 Rampur 3,245 4.33 14,064 22,302 38.65 86,195 25 Saharanpur 2,180 4.14 9,025 15,057 42.43 63,888 26 Shajahanpur 6,801 4.25 28,905 7,876 40.94 32,242 Total Uttar Pradesh 180,291 809,893 155,611 612,445 32

Table 24 Satellite based District wise Non Basmati (Sharbati & Sugandha) Acreage, Yield & Production Estimation in Haryana, Punjab, Uttarakhand, J&K, HP and Delhi S No 1 State District Acreage in ha, Yield ton/ha and Production in tonnes Sharbati Non Basmati Sugandha Acreage Yield Production Acreage Yield Production Jhajjar 669 4.45 2,976 2 Jind 1,331 4.21 5,598 3 Karnal 2,500 4.05 10,125 790 4.46 3,520 4 Kurkshetra 824 4.17 3,441 Haryana 5 Mewat 704 4.26 2,997 6 Panipat 1,661 4.04 6,716 7 Sonepat 1,530 4.04 6,187 2,068 4.67 9,653 8 Yamunanagar 1,717 3.85 6,609 1 Total Haryana 9,563 38,675 4,231 19,146 Amritsar 10,491 4.29 44,980 2 Faridkot 1,899 4.17 7,909 Fatehgarh 3 1,578 4.29 6,766 Sahib 4 Punjab Gurdaspur + 15,585 4.36 67,871 5 Pathankot 6 Patiala 2,250 4.78 10,749 7 Taran Taran 7,310 4.17 30,446 1 Total Punjab 39,113 168,721 Dehradun 1,444 3.85 5,565 450 4.48 2,015 2 Haridwar 2,216 3.95 8,753 1,532 4.48 6,860 Uttarakhand 3 Nainital 2,500 4.04 10,105 4 U S Nagar 21,141 4.14 87,564 Total Uttarakhand 27,301 111,988 1,982 8,875 1 Jammu & Jammu 1,485 3.98 5,907 2 Kashmir Kathua 550 4.19 2,303 Total Jammu & Kashmir 2,035 8,210 1 Himachal Kangra 16,650 2.50 41,625 2 Pradesh Mandi 6,700 2.55 17,085 Total Himachal Pradesh 23,350 58,710 1 Delhi Delhi 281 4.67 1,312 Total Delhi 281 1,312 33

2.3 Satellite Based Basmati Acreage Estimation in Punjab Province of Pakistan The rice varieties are cultivated in different parts of Pakistan. Punjab region is the largest rice-producing province of Pakistan. The Kalar tract, known as the bowl of basmati rice lies in this state between Ravi and Chenab rivers. 2.3.1 Satellite Based Total Rice Acreage in Punjab Province Satellite based total rice (Basmati and Non Basmati) acreage has estimated 1,784,617 ha in kharif 2013. 2.3.1 Satellite Based Basmati Rice Acreage in Punjab Province Satellite based total Basmati rice acreage has estimated 1,135,541 ha in kharif 2013 2.4 GPS Based Survey GPS observations were taken in the study districts in order to collect training sites for classification of satellite images. RMSI field experts considered all the varieties covered in study while collecting points. A standard Performa has developed for filling the relevant information about the variety grown, date of transplanting and expected harvesting date and a sketch of the field. Minimum 100 * 100 sq meter area was considered to collect the points at four corners of the field and the crop grown in adjacent field. State wise GPS survey point are given in figure Figure 21 GPS Point distribution map of Punjab 34

Figure 22 GPS Point distribution map of Haryana Figure 23 GPS Point distribution map of Uttar Pradesh 35

Figure 24 GPS Point distribution map of Uttarakhand Figure 25 GPS Point distribution maps of J&K, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi 36

2.5 Satellite-based Crop Health Result Crop health monitoring based on satellite images involves the analysis of the images acquired in Red and Near Infra Red (NIR) bands. The index of crop health is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is defined by the following equation: R NIR R RED NDVI = ---------------- R NIR + R RED Where R NIR is the reflectance in near infra Red band and R RED is the reflectance in the red band of the satellite sensor. In satellite images, the higher NDVI values area associated with greater vegetation density and greenness of the plant canopy. By comparing two NDVI images of different dates, the crop health status is monitored. An increase in NDVI value during the crop growth period suggested that the health of the crop is good. Areas, where the NDVI values are decreased, are the areas where the crop health is affected adversely. Similarly, area with no significant change in NDVI change image is considered as having no significant change in NDVI is considered as having no significant plant growth between two periods. Two satellite images (MODIS and AWiFS) were used for current crop health status. The increasing trend of NDVI shows good crop health and maturity as on date 3 rd and 15 th September. The figures below show the maps of the study based on different NDVI value ranges Figure 26 Map showing the NDVI values of Study Area for 29th July 13 37

Figure 27 Map showing the NDVI values of Study Area for 3rd Sept and 15th Sept 13 38

Annexure I: Report schedule S No Report Name Date of Submission 1 2 3 4 Report Volume I - First Report on Satellite Based Rice Acreage Estimation, Kharif 2013 Report Volume II - Second Report on Satellite Based Basmati (Evolved and Traditional) rice, Sharbati, Sugandha (Non basmati ) rice acreage, Crop Health and Sharbati production Estimation, Kharif 2013 Report Volume III - Third report on Satellite derived NDVI based yield & Production estimation of Basmati (Evolved and Traditional) rice and Sugandha (Non Basmati ), Kharif 2013 Final Report - Basmati (Evolved and Traditional) and Sharbati, Sugandha (Non Basmati) rice acreage, Yield and Production Estimation, Kharif 2013 23-Aug-13 27-Sep-13 25-Oct-13 15-Nov-13 39