Chandler City Hall Stephanie Romanias 1 Chandler City Hall A New Urban Edge 04.13.2011 Stephanie Romanias Architectural Engineering Senior Thesis
Chandler City Hall Scope of Thesis Work Introduction Building Overview Breadth Topics Council Chamber Architectural/Acoustical Analysis Façade/Solar Loading Analysis Lighting Depth Open Office Lobby Council Chamber Exterior Facade Electrical Depth Branch Circuiting Redesign Photovoltaic Array Increasing Feeder Size Feasibility Analysis M.A.E. Focus: Daylight Integration and Control 04.13.2011 Stephanie Romanias Architectural Engineering Senior Thesis A New Urban Edge Stephanie Romanias 2 Chandler City Hall
Chandler City Hall Introduction Building Overview Breadth Topics Council Chamber Architectural/Acoustical Analysis Façade/Solar Loading Analysis Lighting Depth Open Office Lobby Council Chamber Exterior Facade Electrical Depth Branch Circuiting Redesign Photovoltaic Array Increasing Feeder Size Feasibility Analysis M.A.E. Focus: Daylight Integration and Control Scope of Thesis Work 04.13.2011 Stephanie Romanias Architectural Engineering Senior Thesis A New Urban Edge Stephanie Romanias 3 Chandler City Hall
Building Introduction & Overview Project Overview Stephanie Romanias 4 Building name Location Size Occupancy Construction Chandler City Hall chandler, Arizona 137,692 sq. ft. mixed use April 2009 December 2010 A landmark a new urban edge on the face of historic Chandler Intending to respect the past... and acknowledge the future Chandler City Hall A New Urban Edge Project team: architecture + mep general contractor structural engineer civil engineer landscape architecture construction manager SmithGroup Sundt Construction Caruso Turley Scott Dibble Engineering GBTwo Landscape Architecture Abacus Project Management
Building Introduction & Overview Project Overview Stephanie Romanias 5 CITY CLERK Business Assembly Mercantile Building name Location Size Chandler City Hall chandler, Arizona 137,692 sq. ft. Lobby Offices Café + Catering Vision Gallery N Occupancy Construction mixed use April 2009 December 2010 COUNCIL CHAMBERS Assembly Business A connection, tying the civic, commercial, and historic centers together through in iconic structure Council Chamber Auditorium Conference + Office Spaces Catering N
Electrical Depth Photovoltaic Array design goals Photovoltaic Array Electrical Weather Data: Chandler, Arizona Stephanie Romanias 6 Energy Savings energy efficiency harvest the sun s energy government incentives minimal pay back period N
Electrical Depth Photovoltaic Array Photovoltaic Array Stephanie Romanias 7 design goals Electrical Design PV Modules: 777 Schuco 320 W MPE 320 MP 02 Energy energy efficiency Modules per String: 7 modules/string harvest the sun s energy Strings per Inverter: 6 strings/inverter Savings government incentives Inverters: 10 12kW inverters minimal pay back period Connected Wattage: 248.64 kw Total System Cost: $1,250,000 Estimated Project Life: 25 years N
Electrical Depth Photovoltaic Array Photovoltaic Array Stephanie Romanias 8 design goals Energy Savings energy efficiency harvest the sun s energy government incentives minimal pay back period Electrical Design PV Modules: 777 Schuco 320 W MPE 320 MP 02 Modules per String: 7 modules/string Strings per Inverter: 6 strings/inverter Inverters: 10 12kW inverters Connected Wattage: 248.64 kw Government Incentives Federal Grant: One-time 30% credit incentive Based on total system cost APS (Arizona Public Service) Utility Company $2.50/W (DC) Connected Total System Cost: $1,250,000 Estimated Project Life: 25 years
Electrical Depth Photovoltaic Array Cumulative cash flows ($) Photovoltaic Array Cumulative cash flows graph Stephanie Romanias 9 design goals Energy Savings energy efficiency harvest the sun s energy government incentives minimal pay back period Electrical 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0-200,000-400,000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Government Incentives Federal Grant: One-time 30% credit incentive Based on total system cost APS (Arizona Public Service) Utility Company $2.50/W (DC) Connected Connected Wattage: 248.64 kw Year Total System Cost: $1,250,000 Simple Payback: 5.9 years Estimated Project Life: 25 years
Lighting Depth Lighting Depth Stephanie Romanias 10 design goals Lighting Design Movement History Technology Preservation Continuation Hierarchy Materiality Reflection Connection Creating the essence of Timelessness Main Lobby: A Circulation Space Open Office (3 rd Floor): A Large Work Space Council Chambers: A Special Purpose Space Exterior Façade: An Outdoor Space Heading toward the future without covering up the past
Architectural + Acoustical Breadth Council Chamber Stephanie Romanias 11 design goals Architecturally & Acoustically appeal materiality focus comfort living room of Chandler City Hall contrast and balance frame the front; creating a focal point easy sound discrimination Section View - North Reflected Ceiling Plan
Architectural + Acoustical Breadth Council Chamber Stephanie Romanias 12 design goals Architecturally & Acoustically Optimal Reverberation Time appeal living room of Chandler City Hall Auditorium: 1.6-1.8 sec. materiality contrast and balance Conference: 0.8 1.0 sec. focus frame the front; creating a focal point comfort easy sound discrimination T 60 = 0.995 sec.
Lighting Depth Council Chamber Council Chamber Stephanie Romanias 13 design goals Lighting Design flexibility hierarchy materiality focus comfort scene control; public or private event of light to create a focal point warmth of wood, inviting, comfortable layering of light throughout the space presenter, council, & audience
Lighting Depth Council Chamber Council Chamber Stephanie Romanias 14 design goals Lighting Design flexibility hierarchy materiality focus comfort scene control; public or private event of light to create a focal point warmth of wood, inviting, comfortable layering of light throughout the space presenter, council, & audience
Lighting Depth Council Chamber ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1: Lighting Power Density Allowable = 1.3 W/sq.ft. Council Chamber Audience Scene 1: Average Illuminance : 34.8 fc Council Stephanie Romanias 15 As Designed = 1.261 W / sq.ft. Average Illuminance : 75.4 fc Audience Scene 2: Average Illuminance : 5.78 fc Council Average Illuminance : 71.3 fc
Lighting Depth Council Chamber Council Chamber Audience Scene 1: Stephanie Romanias 16 Average Illuminance : 34.8 fc Council Average Illuminance : 75.4 fc Scene1 Scene2 Audience Scene 2: Average Illuminance : 5.78 fc Council Average Illuminance : 71.3 fc
Lighting Depth Exterior Façade Exterior Façade Stephanie Romanias 17 design goals Lighting Design connection hierarchy dynamic appeal dark skies history & technology guidance & representation art scrim landmark minimal sky glow West Entrance Façade
Lighting Depth Exterior Façade Exterior Façade Stephanie Romanias 18 design goals Lighting Design connection hierarchy dynamic appeal dark skies history & technology guidance & representation art scrim landmark minimal sky glow Ground Level Mezzanine Level West Entrance Façade
Lighting Depth Exterior Façade Performance Average Illuminance (Horizontal): 5.26 fc Average Illuminance (Vertical): 2.97 fc Exterior Façade Stephanie Romanias 19 Allowable ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1: Building Entrance : 30.0 W/Lft. Canopies : 1.25 W/sq.ft. 8 fc Building Façade : 0.20 W/sq.ft. 5 fc 5.0 W/Lft. Dark Skies Association/ ILE: Upward Light Ratio = 0.05 Ground Level Mezzanine Level 2 fc
Lighting Depth Exterior Façade Performance Average Illuminance (Horizontal): 5.26 fc Average Illuminance (Vertical): 2.97 fc Exterior Façade Stephanie Romanias 20 ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1: Building Entrance : 11.2 W/Lft. Canopies : 0.20 W/sq.ft. Building Façade : 0.18 W/sq.ft. 3.52 W/Lft. Dark Skies Association/ ILE: Upward Light Ratio = 0.041 Ground Level Mezzanine Level
M.A.E. Daylighting Focus design goals Daylight Integration and Control Daylighting 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 21 energy dimming shading comfort efficiency harvest daylight; create savings closed loop photosensor control integrate with dimming control useful daylight controls Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%
M.A.E. Daylighting Focus Daylight Integration and Control design goals Daylighting Daylight Autonomy Target Illuminance: 30 fc (322.8 lux) 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 22 energy harvest daylight; create savings Dimming dimming closed loop photosensor control shading comfort efficiency integrate with dimming control useful daylight controls Dimming +Shade Control Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%
M.A.E. Daylighting Focus Daylight Integration and Control design goals Daylighting Continuous Daylight Autonomy Target Illuminance: 30 fc (322.8 lux) 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 23 energy harvest daylight; create savings Dimming dimming closed loop photosensor control shading comfort efficiency integrate with dimming control useful daylight controls Dimming +Shade Control Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%
M.A.E. Daylighting Focus Daylight Integration and Control design goals Daylighting Useful Daylight Illuminance Target Illuminance: 30 fc (322.8 lux)- 250 fc (2690 lux) 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 24 energy harvest daylight; create savings Dimming dimming closed loop photosensor control shading comfort efficiency integrate with dimming control useful daylight controls Dimming +Shade Control Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%
M.A.E. Daylighting Focus January 22nd Dimming Daylight Integration and Control Dimming + Shade Control 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 25 Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%
M.A.E. Daylighting Focus March 23rd Dimming Daylight Integration and Control Dimming + Shade Control 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 26 Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%
M.A.E. Daylighting Focus July 12th Daylight Integration and Control 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 27 Dimming Dimming + Shade Control Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%
M.A.E. Daylighting Focus Daylight Integration and Control Signal vs. Dimming Level Dimming Dimming + Shade Control 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 28 Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3% Zone 1 Dimmed ; Zone 2 On Zone 1 Off ; Zone 2 Dimmed Zone 1 Dimmed ; Zone 2 On Zone 1 Off ; Zone 2 Dimmed
M.A.E. Daylighting Focus Energy Savings Daylight Integration and Control 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 29 Dimming Zone 1 3004.8 kwh Zone 2 2907.0 kwh Total Dimming + Shade Control Zone 1 2830.8 kwh Zone 2 2565.3 kwh Total 5911.8 kwh 5396.3 kwh Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%
Summary + Conclusions Summary Stephanie Romanias 30 Electrical: Photovotaic Array Able to integrate a useful renewable energy source at a minimal payback with the help of government incentives. Lighting: Reinforce the architect s vision while also creating an energy efficient design that adheres AHSHRAE 90.1, IESNA, and the Dark Skies Association. Architectual/Acoustical: Auditorium Redesign Minimalistically, create a focal point by framing the front of the space without compromising sound quality Daylighting: South Facing Open Office Potential to generate energy saving based on closed loop dimming control and automated shade control
Acknowledgements A special thanks to Stephanie Romanias 31 Advisors Dr. Houser Dr. Mistrick Professor Dannerth Professor Holland Professor Parfitt Project Team architecture + mep: general contractor: structural engineer: civil engineer: landscape architecture: construction manager: SmithGroup Sundt Construction Caruso Turley Scott Dibble Engineering GBTwo Landscape Architecture Abacus Project Management Fellow AE s, Friends, & Family Thank you.
Acknowledgements Questions? Stephanie Romanias 32 Thank you.