Mainstreaming Native Species-Based Forest Restoration Page 1 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES DILIMAN QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES 15-16 JULY 2010
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Philippine Forestry 1565-1898 Spanish colonial rule, timber felled for houses and ship-building, lowland forest cleared for sugar and coconut plantations 1898-1946 American colonial rule; accelerated deforestation; start of modern mechanized commercial logging in the Philippines 1950-1957 Deforestation at 221,000 hectares per year Page 3 Fabrica, Negros Island, Philippines circa 1930
Philippine Forestry 1960s Philippine timber exports highest in the world 1976-1980 Deforestation rate highest at 304,800 hectares per year 1973 1985 Average area reforested: 40,069 hectares per year Surigao, Mindanao Island, Philippines Photo: E.S. Fernando Nov. 2003 2000-2005 Deforestation rate still at 157,400 hectares per year; area reforested at only 21,671 hectares per year Page 4 Abuyog, Leyte Island, Philippines Photo: E.S. Fernando 01 June 2006
The Philippines Change in Forest Cover, 1876-2003 80 percent forest cover 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1876 1890 1900 1903 1908 1910 1910 1911 1918 1919 1923 1929 1934 1937 1937 1939 1943 1944 1945 1948 1950 1950 1957 1969 1976 1980 1987 1987 1990 1991 1996 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 year Fabrica, Negros Island, Philippines circa 1930 Surigao, Mindanao Island, Philippines Photo: E.S. Fernando Nov. 2003 Data Sources: 1876-1987 from Garrity et al. (1993); 1990 from FAO (2001); 1999 from ESSC (1999); 1991, 1996, 2000-2003 from DENR-FMB (2005) Philippine Forestry Statistics Page 5 Surigao, Mindanao Island, Philippines Photo: E.S. Fernando Nov. 2003
The Philippines Deforestation Rates, 1950-2005 350,000 300,000 250,000 Surigao, Mindanao Island, Philippines Photo: E.S. Fernando Nov. 2003 hectares 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 Mindoro Island, Philippines Photo: E.S. Fernando April 1982 0 Data Source: 1950 1987 from Garrity et al. 1993; 1990-2000 and 2000-2005 from FAO 2005 Global Forest Resources Assessment Page 6 Busuanga Island, Philippines Photo: E.S. Fernando April 2003
The Philippines and SE Asia: Forest as percent of land area Total SE Asia 43.3 Vietnam 30.2 Timor-Leste 34.3 Thailand 28.9 Singapore 3.3 Philippines 19.4 Myanmar 52.3 Malaysia 58.7 Lao PDR 54.4 Indonesia Cambodia 52.9 58.0 Cagayan Prov., Luzon Island, Philippines Photo: E.S. Fernando July 2005 Brunei Darussalam 83.9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Forest as percent of land area Page 7 Data source: FAO (2003) State of the World s Forests
The Philippines and SE Asia: Area of forest per capita Total SE Asia Vietnam Timor-Leste Thailand Singapore Philippines Myanmar Malaysia Lao PDR Indonesia Cambodia Brunei Darussalam 0.1 0.2 n.s. 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.4 2.4 Siaton, Negros Island, Philippines Photo: E.S. Fernando May 2010 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Area of forest (in hectares) per capita Page 8 Data source: FAO (2003) State of the World s Forests Population based on 1999 data. Forest area based on 2000 data.
The Philippines Area reforested, 1973-2007 250,000 200,000 hectares 150,000 100,000 Total Government Private Sector 50,000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 year Large-leaf mahogany Swietenia macrophylla Page 9 1973-2007 Total: 1,688,539 ha; average: 48,244 ha/yr Government: 1,087,848 ha; average: 31,081 ha/yr Private sector: 600,691 ha; average: 18,772 ha/yr Data Source: DENR-FMB (2003, 2007) Philippine Forestry Statistics
What species have been used for reforestation in the Philippines? At least two native species known to have been used: narra (Pterocarpus indicus) and Benguet pine (Pinus kesiya) Yemane Gmelina arborea [South Asia] But mainly exotics! Swietenia macrophylla [Central & South America] Gmelina arborea [South Asia] Acacia mangium [Moluccas, New Guinea, & NE Australia] Acacia auriculiformis [New Guinea & N Australia] Pinus caribaea [Central America, Cuba, & Bahamas] Falcataria moluccana [Moluccas, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, & Solomon Islands] Eucalyptus camaldulensis [Australia] Eucalyptus urophylla [Lesser Sunda Islands] Large-leaf mahogany Swietenia macrophylla [Central & South America] Page 10 Mangium Acacia mangium [Moluccas, New Guinea, & NE Australia] Photo:s E.S. Fernando June2006
The Philippines Deforestation Rates, 1950-2005 Photo: E.S. Fernando Nov. 2003 The Philippines Area reforested, 1973-2007 Photo: E.S. Fernando June 2004 Page 11
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So, what next for Philippine forestry? Using native species we will restore our forests to: A vigourous program for the rebirth of the Philippine rain forests. protect watersheds and freshwater resources recover and expand forest habitats for threatened native species of plants and animals connect forest fragments, link protected areas and natural forests help mitigate the impacts of climate change Page 13 secure the livelihood of the local people
Pouteria duclitan Goniothalamus amuyon Atuna racemosa Celtis luzonica Cynometra ramiflora Planted July 2006. Photo taken Sept 2006 24 March 2007 Pouteria duclitan Celtis luzonica Celtis luzonica Goniothalamus amuyon Viticipremna philippinensis Myrica javanica 11 April Page 2008 14 04 June 2010
27 July 2007 25 July 2008 12 Page April 152008 13 May 2009
Planted 12 June 2005 Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe Photo taken 09 December 2005 Page 16 Photo taken 24 October 2007
Mainstreaming Native Species-Based Forest Restoration Page 17 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES DILIMAN QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES 15-16 JULY 2010
Thank you! Institute of Biology The University of the Philippines - Diliman The University of the Philippines Visayas Cebu College The University of the Philippines Mindanao College of Forestry & Natural Resources The University of the Philippines Los Baños Page 18
Thank you! Page 19
Thank you! Page 20
Thank you! To all our presenters today who have come from various places around the world.... and to the moderators and participants in the panel discussions tomorrow. Page 21
There can be no purpose more enspiriting than to begin the age of restoration, reweaving the wondrous diversity of life that still surrounds us. E.O. Wilson, The Diversity of Life (1992) Page 22
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