Major Genes Conditioning Resistance to Rust in Common Bean and a Protocol for Monitoring Local races of the Bean Rust Pathogne M.A. Pastor-Corrales Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, ARS-USDA, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705 J.R. Steadman Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 talo.pastor-corrales@ars.usda.gov
Host Resistance and Common Bean rust The strategy of choice to manage bean rust in farmers fields However The broad virulence diversity of rust pathogen and The narrow-genetic base of dry and snap beans are major challenges that burden progress
Resistance to Rust in Common Bean To date, resistance to rust is conferred by 10 single, dominant, and independent genes 10 genes, identified by the sign Ursymbol, have been named and mapped
Ten Named and Mapped Rust Resistance Genes in Common Bean Bean Cultivar Source Rust Resist Gene Linkage Group Aurora Ur-3 PV 011 Early Gallatin Ur-4 PV 06 Mexico 309 Ur-5 PV 04 Golden Gate Wax Ur-6 PV 011 G. Northern 1140 Ur-7 PV 011 Pompadour Checa 50 Ur-9, Ur-12 PV 01, PV 07 PI 181996 Ur-11 PV 011 Redlands Pioneer Ur-13 PV 08 Ouro Negro Ur-14 PV 04
Rust Resistance genes in Common Bean of Mesoamerican Origin Gene Name Cultivar Source Ur-3 Aurora Ur-5 Mexico 309 Ur-7 Great Northern 1140 Ur-11 PI 181996 Linkage Group Pv11 Pv04 Pv11 Pv11 Ur-13* Redlands Pioneer Pv08 Ur-14 Ouro Negro Pv04 * RR gene of Mesoamerican origin in Andean Cultivar
Rust Resistance genes in Common Bean of Andean Origin Gene Name Cultivar Source Linkage Group Ur-4 Early Gallatin Ur-6 Golden Gate Wax Ur-9 Pompadour Checa 50 Ur-12 Pompadour Checa 50 Pv06 Pv11 Pv01 Pv07
Alleles of Rust Resistance Genes No multiple alleles have been reported for any of the known rust resistance genes
Rust Resistance Genes Each of the rust resistance genes in common bean differ in their spectrum of resistance to the races of the rust pathogen But none of these genes are resistant to all known races of the rust pathogen.
Genes in common bean vary in their spectra of resistance Challenged with 88 races of the rust pathogen Bean Cultivar RR gene R S Total % R Suscep to Early Gallatin Ur-4 35 53 88 39.8 Golden gate Wax Ur-6 27 61 88 30.7 Aurora Ur-3 51 37 88 57.9 Mexico 309 Ur-5 68 20 88 77.3 PI 181996 Ur-11 87 1 88 98.9 108 Redlands Pioneer Ur-13 47 41 88 53.4 Ouro Negro Ur-14 87 1 98.9 98.9 108 PI 310762 Ur-15? 87 1 98.9 98.9 85
Resistance from Andean beans tend to be resistant to important Mesoamerican races RR Gene 38 39 72 84 41 47 53 67 108 Ur-4 A S S S S S S S S HR Ur-11 M R R R R R R R R S Ur-4 & Ur-11 R R R R R R R R HR
Additional Rust Resistance Discovered Mesoamerican Bean Phaseolus acutifolius
Exceptional Rust Resistance in Common Bean PI 310762 Mesoamerican From Guatemala Small seeds Red-seeded
Races of the rust pathogen used to evaluate PI 310762 in greenhouse Inoculated with 64 different races Races from North and Central America, Africa, Asia 64 Mesoamerican 18 Andean
Reaction of PI 310762 to many races of rust pathogen in greenhouse PI 310762 was resistant to 63 of 64 races used un this study Susceptible to only one race Race 85 from Guatemala
Reaction of PI 310762 to many races of rust pathogen in greenhouse Resistant to races that overcome: All known rust resistance genes Sources of rust resistance in common bean; R genes not characterized yet PI 260418 and other rust R PIs
F 1, F 2, and, Backcross Populations from Pinto 114 x PI 310762 Cross Used in Study Pinto 114 x PI 310762 F 1 F 2 Pinto114 x F 1 PI 310762 X F 1 S-BC 1 F 1 R-BC 1 F 1
Inheritance of Rust Resistance in 157 F 2 plants: 124 Resistant 33 susceptible PI 310762 F 2 results consistent with a 3R: 1S Backcross to S parent: 1R:1S Backcross to R parent: all R Taken together, data indicate that rust resistance in PI 310762 is conferred by A SINGLE and DOMINANT GENE
SSR Markers Linked with Rust Resistance in PI 310762 were Discovered by Bulk Segregant Analysis Using a Large set of SNP Markers
SNP Locus sc00112ln569344_496707_g_a_98215707 from Illumina GenomeStudio analysis Homozygous allele A AA Heterozygous AB Homozygous allele B BB PI 310762 PI 310762 Pinto 114 Susceptible Bulks
Analysis of Pinto 114, PI 310762, and F 2 progeny of the cross between two parents with beanssr_1170 SSR marker in close proximity to the SNP loci identified using BSA. P1, Pinto 114; P2, PI 310762; R, resistant to rust; S, susceptible to rust
Mapping based on combined genotype and phenotype of each of F 2 plant Four SSR markers were closely linked with the rust resistance gene in PI 310762 Beanssr_1167 had the tightest linkage at a distance of 0.1cM Beanssr_1170 was located at 0.5cM Other SSR markers were located at 0.9cM and 1.4cM from the rust resistance gene of PI 310762, respectively
0.8 0.1 0.5 0.9 2.7 13.2 SSR1168 SSR1167 rust SSR1170 SSR8 SSR3 Newly Discovered Rust Resistance Gene in PI 310762 Also discovered new SSR DNA markers Flanking markers very closely linked with rust resistance gene Present in: Chromosome 4 1.5 SSR1 SSR11
Rust Resistance in Tepary Bean G40022 Tepary bean G 40022 was suspected of having rust broad rust resistance The reaction of G 40022 was compared to that of common beans with: all known rust resistance genes in Common bean Three sources of broad rust resistance conferred by unidentified rust resistance genes.
Rust Resistance in Tepary Bean G40022 All were inoculated with races of U. appendiculatus : 10 Mesoamerican and six Andean These races represented the broad virulence spectrum and geographic diversity of the bean rust pathogen.
Rust Resistance in Tepary Bean G40022 Only the tepary bean G 40022 was resistant to all 10 Mesoamerican and six Andean races. All common beans with single rust resistance genes and the three sources of broad spectrum resistance with unidentified rust resistance genes were susceptible to one or more of the 16 races used in this study
Rust Resistance in Tepary Bean G40022 In addition, we also identified a single locus RAPD marker that was tightly linked to the unique rust resistance present in G 40022.
Clusters of disease Resistance genes The reported location of some rust resistance genes in common bean are gen clusters on: PV04 PV011 PV01
Rust and other Disease Resistance genes on PV04 Ur-5 (Mexico 309) and Ur-14 (Ouro Negro) Co-3 (Mexico 22) and two other alleles, Co-7 (G2333, MSU7), Co-15 (Corinthiano), Co-16 (Crioulo 159) others Phg-3 (Ouro Negro)
Join Map for the genes Ur-14; Co-3 4 /Phg-3, Ur-5 and Ur-PI310 on Pv04 Ur-14; Co-3 4 /Phg-3 Ur-5 Ur-PI310 Pv04 BARCPVSSR04569 BARCPVSSR04562 0.8 0.1 0.5 0.9 SSR1168 SSR1167 rust SSR1170 SSR8 BARCPVSSR04569 BARCPVSSR04574 BARCPVSSR04570 2.7 SSR3 13.2 BARCPVSSR04619 1.5 SSR1 SSR11
Rust and other Disease Resistance genes on PV11 Ur-3 (Aurora), Ur-6 (Golden Gate Wax), Ur-7 (Great Northern 1140) and Ur-11 (PI 181996) Co-2 (Cornell 49242)
Join Map for the genes Ur-3; Ur-11 on Pv04 Join Map for Ur-3 Join Map for Ur-11 Map Integration Ur-3 and Ur-11
Epistatic Rust Resistance Genes in Common bean Some of the rust resistance genes in common bean are epistatic to other rust resistance genes Ur-3 and Ur-6 are epistatic to Ur-11 Ur-5 is epistatic to Ur-4
Interaction between Rust Pathogen and Common Bean Race 53 reveals that Ur-3 is epistatic to Ur-11 Resistance Genes Ur-3 HR Race 53 Ur-11 Tiny Pustule Ur-3 + Ur-11 HR
Interaction between Rust Pathogen and Common Bean Race 47 reveals that Ur-6 is epistatic to Ur-11 Resistance Genes Ur-6 Race 47 Ur-11 Ur-6 + Ur-11
Breeding for Disease Resistance Combine phenotypic and molecular markers Do not use single resistance genes to manage the highly variable Rust, as well as ANT, and ALS pathogens Combining Andean and Mesoamerican resistance genes provides broad resistance
Pyramiding three rust resistance genes Reaction to race 47 49 53 67 108 Ur-3 Ur-6 Ur-11 Ur-3 + Ur-6 + Ur-11
Rust Mobile Nursery Sets of monitor plants are placed in an area in a field with rust symptoms for 3-4 h A dry windy day is ideal Bean plants in the area of exposure should have fresh urediniospores Older areas of infection with shriveled leaves and few new uredinia should be avoided Data on disease reaction can be used to evaluate the pathogen virulence and predict resistance gene deployment strategies The mobile nursery saves money and time (10-12 days compared to 2-4 months to identify rust pathotypes by inoculation in the greenhouse) and allows results to be known during the growing season as opposed to a few months later
Bean rust monitor nursery placed in a field for exposure to spores from infected bean plants
Mist chamber, and Rust mobile nursery bean plants incubating after field exposure to urediniospores
Bean Lines Ur gene 1 Aurora Ur-3 2 Mex 235 Ur3+ 3 Early Gallatin Ur-4 4 Mex 309 Ur-5 5 Golden Gate Wax Ur-6 6 GN 1140 Ur-7 7 PC 50 Ur-9 8 PI 181996 Ur-11 9 Redland Pioneer Ur-13 10 PI 260418 11 Montcalm 12 Pinto 114 12 Bean rust differential lines, and corresponding resistance genes
Cartagena Colombia September 2006 Thank you Carlos Jara, cuando era joven y bello George Mahuku