Library In Metropolitan Washington, D.C.

1 Library In Metropolitan Washington, D.C. Penn State Architectural Engineering Senior Capstone Project Rob Leicht Picture Provided by Multivista

2 Picture Provided by Multivista

3 Building Name: Library in Metropolitan Washington, D.C. Project Team Location: Metropolitan Washington, D.C. (Undisclosed) Occupant: County Library & Non-profit Art Group Function Types: A-3 (Assembly) B (Business) M (Mercantile) Gross Area: 90,000 ft 2 Number of Stories: Five Plus Basement Project Delivery: Design-Bid-Build Construction Dates: January 2013 October 2014 Project Cost: $69.5 Million Key Existing Buildings Roads Open Space Sidewalks Construction Site Access Road Building Footprint Building Overhang Site Trailers Unloading Area Future Apt. Site Existing Building 10 Story 100 New Building 5 Story 85 Existing Building 5 Story 60 Owner: Undisclosed County Architect: The Lukmire Partnership Contractor: Costello Construction Structural Engineer: Columbia Engineering Construction Manager: MBP Mechanical & Plumbing Engineer: Mendoza, Ribas, Farinas & Associates Electrical Engineer: Mendoza, Ribas, Farinas & Associates IT/Security: Wright Engineering Civil Engineer: ADTEK Landscape Architect: Parker Rodriguez Interior Design: The Studio of Sandra Ragan Lighting Consultant: MCLA

Picture Provided by http://www.systecon.com Library In Metropolitan Washington, D.C. 4 Systems Architectural: 50 Cantilever of 3 rd thru 5 th Floors Exposed Structure in Library Space Structure: Concrete Caissons Structural Steel Composite Slabs Building Enclosure: 53% Curtain Wall UV Protection Terra Cotta Panels Architectural CMU s Picture Courtesy of The Lukmire Partnership, Inc. New Building 5 Story 85 Picture Provided by Multivista Mechanical: IPEC (Integrated Packages Equipment Center) Hydronic In-Slab Heating

Analysis Overview 5 Measurable Success 1) Minimize costs and schedule delays from change orders and rework in Design Research Analysis Programming Design Procurement Construction Design 2) Minimize wasted material and labor costs and limit schedule delays 3) Shorten structural erection durations Caisson Rebar Cage Fabrication Analysis Analysis Foundation Structure 4) Cost effectiveness and fewer constructability challenges Mechanical Penthouse vs. IPEC Analysis Building Systems

6 in Design Research Analysis

in Design Research Analysis 7 Goal Considerations / Requirements Specifics of this Project Typical Problem Areas

in Design Research Analysis 7 Goal Considerations / Requirements Specifics of this Project Typical Problem Areas Industry Member Interviews Scopes Benefits Owner Buy-in Future Similar Topics # Criteria Consistency 1 Owner Buy-in 5 of 5 2 Cost Considerations 5 of 5 3 Scope Included 5 of 5 4 Relationship Outcomes 4 of 5 5 Quality & Project Flow 4 of 5 6 Schedule Considerations 4 of 5 7 Contract Considerations 3 of 5 8 Owner Involvement 3 of 5 9 Future of 3 of 5

in Design Research Analysis 7 Goal Mind Maps Considerations / Requirements Specifics of this Project Typical Problem Areas Industry Member Interviews Scopes Benefits Owner Buy-in Future Mind Maps Show Topics Trace Patterns Similar Topics # Criteria Consistency 1 Owner Buy-in 5 of 5 2 Cost Considerations 5 of 5 3 Scope Included 5 of 5 4 Relationship Outcomes 4 of 5 5 Quality & Project Flow 4 of 5 6 Schedule Considerations 4 of 5 7 Contract Considerations 3 of 5 8 Owner Involvement 3 of 5 9 Future of 3 of 5

Ability to Influence Costs Library In Metropolitan Washington, D.C. in Design Research Analysis 8 Process Flow Influence of Cost Curve Overall Conclusions Programming Design High Programming Design Smooth Transition Between Phases Early Cost Influence Procurement Procurement Construction Low Conception Project Duration Construction Close-out Completion

in Design Research Analysis 9 Scope Inclusion Areas Results Earlier Involvement is Beneficial Less Change Orders Cost Savings Funding Issues Scope Selection (Project Specific) Scopes Contractor Program Conceptual Start-up MEP - Scope Selection & Sign Contract Planning, Questions & Sign Contract Schematic Design Sub Selection & Design Input Consult w/ Subs Structural - - - Curtain Wall - - Consult w/ Subs & Sign Contract Design Development Sub Selection & Design Input Design Input Consult w/ Subs, Design Input & Sign Contract Design Input Construction Documents Design Input & Long Lead Items Design Input & Long Lead Items Design Input & Long Lead Items Design Input & Long Lead Items Construction Management Procurement Procurement Procurement Owner Rating Scale CM Contractor Design Team Funding X - - - Resources Available Experience X

10 Caisson Rebar Cage Fabrication Analysis

Caisson Rebar Cage Fabrication Analysis 11 Goal Determine Appropriate Fabrication Method Cost Savings Scheduled Reduction Picture Provided by Multivista

Caisson Rebar Cage Fabrication Analysis 11 Goal Determine Appropriate Fabrication Method Cost Savings Scheduled Reduction Background 9 Caisson Types (48 Total) Prefab to Planned Length Planned Lengths Incorrect 15 Day Delay Type Vertical Rebar # Caisson Types Qty. of Vertical Rebar Tie # # of Ties per LF Weight of Vertical Rebar (lb/lf) Weight of Ties (lb/lf) 1a 9 8 4 1 27 6 1b 9 6 4 1 20 6 2a 11 8 4 1 43 9 2b 11 12 4 1 64 11 2c 11 16 4 1 85 13 2d 11 24 4 1 128 15 2e 11 28 5 1 149 21 2f 11 16 4 2 85 27 2g 11 28 5 2 149 41 Picture Provided by Multivista

Caisson Rebar Cage Fabrication Analysis 11 Goal Determine Appropriate Fabrication Method Cost Savings Scheduled Reduction Background Type Vertical Rebar # Caisson Types Qty. of Vertical Rebar Tie # # of Ties per LF Weight of Vertical Rebar (lb/lf) Weight of Ties (lb/lf) 1a 9 8 4 1 27 6 9 Caisson Types (48 Total) Prefab to Planned Length Planned Lengths Incorrect 15 Day Delay Fabrication Methods 100% Planned Planed + 10% 80% of Planned 10 Sections 15 Sections 1b 9 6 4 1 20 6 2a 11 8 4 1 43 9 2b 11 12 4 1 64 11 2c 11 16 4 1 85 13 2d 11 24 4 1 128 15 2e 11 28 5 1 149 21 2f 11 16 4 2 85 27 2g 11 28 5 2 149 41 Picture Provided by Multivista

Caisson Rebar Cage Fabrication Analysis 12 Results 30 Max Cage Length Picture Provided by www.rebarsuply.net

Caisson Rebar Cage Fabrication Analysis 12 Results 30 Max Cage Length Truck Crane Installation Concrete Pump Placement Picture Provided by Multivista Picture Provided by www.rebarsuply.net

Caisson Rebar Cage Fabrication Analysis 12 Results 30 Max Cage Length Truck Crane Installation Concrete Pump Placement High Splice Costs Cut-off Higher Productivity Picture Provided by http://news.thomasnet.com/ Picture Provided by Multivista Picture Provided by www.rebarsuply.net

Caisson Rebar Cage Fabrication Analysis 12 Results Caisson Types Base Line Prefabrication Option Comparison Over 10% Prefab Estimation Prefab 80% of Estimation 10 Length Sections 15 Length Sections 30 Max Cage Length 1a $ 1,207.13 $ 2,018.26 $ 580.70 $ 2,545.31 $ 1, 040.01 Truck Crane Installation 1b $ 1,756.59 $ 2,059.49 $ 993.63 $ 579.61 $ 285.71 Concrete Pump Placement High Splice Costs Cut-off Higher Productivity Use 100% Prefabricated Method 2a $ 2,313.82 $ 2,827.37 $ 1,856.53 $ 3,661.62 $ 1,512.15 2b $ 1,845.69 $ 2,300.02 $ 937.03 $ 2,177.57 $ 260.10 2c $ - $ - $ - $ 2,022.40 $ 1,011.20 2d $ 1,516.80 $ - $ 1,516.80 $ 3,033.60 $ 1,516.80 2e $ 12,484.19 $12,139.79 $ 13,377.24 $ 33,762.24 $ 15,289.27 Picture Provided by http://news.thomasnet.com/ Accept Unknowns 2f $ - $ 243.22 $ 3,024.00 $ 3,725.88 $ - 2g $ 1,827.72 $ 2,183.29 $ 1,116.59 $ - $ 808.19 Picture Provided by Multivista Grand Totals $ 22,951.94 $ 32,329.00 $ 23,402.52 $ 51,508.23 $ 21,723.43 Picture Provided by www.rebarsuply.net

13 Analysis

Analysis 14 Goal Reevaluate Structural Sequence Save Erection Costs Shorten Erection Schedule

Analysis 14 Goal Reevaluate Structural Sequence Save Erection Costs Shorten Erection Schedule Background Information Current Erection Complex Erection Sequence 5 Week Delay

Analysis 15 Shoring Sequence Linear

Analysis 15 Shoring Sequence Linear 4-D Comparisons Slabs After Shoring Hanger Resizing? 4 1 3 5 2

Analysis 16 Complexity of Erection Complex structure Inconsistent erection sequence

Analysis 16 Complexity of Erection Complex structure Inconsistent erection sequence Site Very urban site Shoring will occupy large area Tight delivery scheduling

Analysis 16 Complexity of Erection Complex structure Inconsistent erection sequence Site Very urban site Shoring will occupy large area Tight delivery scheduling Safety High priority Dangerous welding locations OSHA compliance Trade Integration Delay of MEP rough-in start-up MEP Rough-in Start Dates Top-Down Shoring Description Option Option MEP Rough-in Start 10/23/13 11/14/13 Picture Provided by Multivista

- Shoring Design 17 Required Shoring Load Dead Loads Live Loads P u = 291 psf L = L 0 0.4 0.25 + 15 K LL A T P u = 1.2D + 1.6L

- Shoring Design 17 Required Shoring Load Dead Loads Live Loads P u = 291 psf Picking Shoring System L = L 0 0.4 0.25 + 15 K LL A T Mabey s Mass Series Shoring Towers Picture Provided by Mabey Inc. P u = 1.2D + 1.6L

- Shoring Design 17 Required Shoring Load Dead Loads Live Loads P u = 291 psf Picking Shoring System L = L 0 0.4 0.25 + 15 K LL A T Mabey s Mass Series Shoring Towers Finalize Shoring Design Picture Provided by Mabey Inc. P u = 1.2D + 1.6L Mass 25-100 kips Space at 20 x18 (16) 5 x5 & (2) 5 x10

- Shoring Design 17 Required Shoring Load Dead Loads Live Loads P u = 291 psf Picking Shoring System Mabey s Mass Series Shoring Towers Finalize Shoring Design Mass 25-100 kips Space at 20 x18 (16) 5 x5 & (2) 5 x10

Top- Down Shoring Library In Metropolitan Washington, D.C. Analysis 18 Results 3 Week Schedule Savings (with shoring install) $30,000 Savings Better Productivity (Specific Zones) Recommend the Shoring Sequence IPEC vs. Mechanical Penthouse Criteria & Categories Constructability x Schedule x Cost Site x Safety x Other Trades x Zone Delays Structure Duration Comparisons Description Planned Top-Down Option Shoring Option Steel Erection Start 6/25/13 7/4/13 7/4/13 Structure Complete Milestone 1/1/14 3/7/14 2/13/14 Total Duration (weeks) 28 33 30 Shoring Cost Break Down Description Per Tower Total Minimum First 4 Weeks $1357 $24,430 Every Week After for 4 Weeks $828 $14,900 Tax (6%) $131 $2,360 Total $2,316 $41,690 Cost Comparisons Description Per Tower General Condition Savings $72,000 Shoring Costs $41,690 Total Estimated Costs Savings $30,000

19 Mechanical Penthouse vs. IPEC Analysis

Mechanical Penthouse vs. IPEC Analysis 20 Goals IPEC & Penthouse Differences How to Chose Which to Use Gain Knowledge of Each

Mechanical Penthouse vs. IPEC Analysis 20 Goals IPEC & Penthouse Differences How to Chose Which to Use Gain Knowledge of Each IPEC Prefabricated Equipment Module 4 CMU Base Wall One Supplier Integrated Packaged Equipment Center (IPEC) Provided by MBP (Construction Documents Courtesy of MBP)

Mechanical Penthouse vs. IPEC Analysis 20 Goals Mechanical Penthouse Integrated Packaged Equipment Center (IPEC) IPEC & Penthouse Differences How to Chose Which to Use Gain Knowledge of Each IPEC Prefabricated Equipment Module 4 CMU Base Wall One Supplier Mechanical Penthouse Site Constructed On Concrete Structural Roof Multiple Different Suppliers Picture Provided by http://www.jetsongreen.com/

21 Acoustical Impacts of IPEC and Penthouse Library Spaces Outdoor Environment Differences Similar Acoustical Properties Over Estimates Kids Section Provided by MBP (Construction Documents Courtesy of MBP)

21 Acoustical Impacts of IPEC and Penthouse Library Spaces Outdoor Environment Differences Similar Acoustical Properties Over Estimates Recommendations IPEC Would Be More Desirable Noise Levels Limit Actual Conference Room 35 db 37 db Property Line 55 db 57 db Kids Section Provided by MBP (Construction Documents Courtesy of MBP)

IPEC Penthouse Library In Metropolitan Washington, D.C. Mechanical Penthouse Vs. IPEC Analysis 22 Results 1 Week On Site vs. 10.5 Weeks On Site Potential $1 Million Savings Flexible Design Penthouse Design-Build Package IPEC vs. Mechanical Penthouse Schedule System Lead Time Site Install Time IPEC Penthouse System 1 Long Lead Item (Months) Multiple Shorter Lead Times (Weeks) IPEC vs. Mechanical Penthouse Costs Equipment Enclosure/ Structure 1 Week 10.5 Weeks Total IPEC vs. Mechanical Penthouse Criteria & Categories Acoustical Maintenance x Flexibility in Design x Responsibility Constructability IPEC $5,800,000 $50,000 $5,850,000 Costs x Penthouse $4,880,000 $100,000 $4,880,000 Schedule x

Conclusions 23 Design () Foundation (100% Prefabrication Cage Length) Undetermined Cost Savings Undetermined Schedule Savings 100% Prefabrication Cage Length $0.00 Savings Account for Caissons in Schedule Programming Design Structure (Shoring Sequence) Shoring Sequence $30,000 Savings 3 Week Schedule Savings Procurement Building Systems (Mechanical Penthouse) Mechanical Penthouse Possible $1 Million Savings Additional 9.5 Week Mechanical Schedule Construction

24 Academic Michelle Vigeant Moses Ling Dr. Robert Leicht Kevin Parfitt Ray Sowers Special Thanks Library s Owner PACE Industry Members Matt Strevig Friends and Family Questions? Picture Provided by Multivista

Structural Analysis 25 Current Structural Schedule General Conditions Costs Shoring Sequence Schedule

- Shoring Load Calcs. 26 Dead Load Calculations Live Load & Factored Loads Live Load Assumptions Started with 50 psf Four floors is 200 psf In live load reduction total is 129 psf Factored live load would then be 206 psf (This would be an acceptable live load on four floors of only structure)

Calculations 27 Zone 2 Acoustics Transmission Losses (db) Octave-band Center Frequencies 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz STC Rating Floor of IPEC 37.0 45.0 54.0 60.0 65.0 47.0 62.0 Absorption Under IPEC Zone 2 Surface Area (Sq. ft.) Absorption Coefficients 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz Concrete 128 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 3 3 3 Ridged Insulation (3in.) 346 0 1 1 1 1 1 131 207 270 276 270 242 Metal IPEC Bottom 128 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 24 28 50 49 38 Total Absorption (sabins): a= Sα 151.81 232.96 300.29 328.96 320.77 282.88 Estimated Nosie Level in Zone 2 Octave-band Center Frequencies 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz TL between IPEC and Under IPEC Zone 2 37 45 54 60 65 47 a 2 152 233 300 329 321 283 Surface Area Between Spaces (sq. ft.) 160 Noise Reduction of Noise Coming from IPEC 37 47 57 63 68 49 Sound Pressure in IPEC 86 85 84 83 82 80 Sound Pressure in Zone 2 From IPEC Space 49 38 27 20 14 31

Calculations 28 Conference Room Acoustics Surface Transmission Losses (db) Octave-band Center Frequencies 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz STC Rating 8'' reinforced concrete slab 44.0 48.0 55.0 58.0 63.0 67.0 58.0 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz Carpet on Foam 409 0 0 1 1 1 1 33 98 233 282 291 299 Gypsum Board, 5/8'' 506 1 0 0 0 0 0 279 71 41 20 61 56 Acoustical Ceiling, 3/4'' Area (Sq. ft.) 409 1 1 1 1 1 1 311 381 340 405 405 385 Chairs, Occupied 32 0 0 0 1 1 1 10 13 16 27 28 27 Total Absorption (sabins): a= Sα Absorption of Staff Conference Space Absorption Coefficients Between Zone1 and Staff Conference Space 632 562 629 735 784 766 Surface Area Between Spaces (sq. ft.) 325 Noise Reduction of Noise Coming from Zone 1 42 48 56 60 65 68 Sound Pressure in Zone 1 86 85 84 83 82 80 Sound Pressure in Staff Conference Space from Zone 1 44 37 28 23 17 12 Between Zone 2 and Staff Conference Space Surface Area Between Spaces (sq. ft.) 120 Noise Reduction of Noise Coming from Zone 2 47 52 60 64 69 72 Sound Pressure in Zone 2 49 38 27 20 14 31 Sound Pressure in Staff Conference Space from Zone 2 3-14 -33-44 -55-42 Between Zone 3 and Staff Conference Space Surface Area Between Spaces (sq. ft.) 293 Noise Reduction of Noise Coming from Zone 3 43 48 57 60 65 69 Sound Pressure in Zone 3 86 85 84 83 82 80 Sound Pressure in Staff Conference Space from Zone 3 43 37 27 23 17 11 Between Zone 4 and Staff Conference Space Surface Area Between Spaces (sq. ft.) 144 Noise Reduction of Noise Coming from Zone 4 46 52 60 63 68 72 Sound Pressure in Zone 4 86 85 84 83 82 80 Sound Pressure in Staff Conference Space from Zone 4 40 33 24 20 14 8 Octave-band Center Frequencies 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz From Zone 1 44 37 28 23 17 12 From Zone 2 3-14 -33-44 -55-42 From Zone 3 43 37 27 23 17 11 From Zone 4 40 33 24 20 14 8 Add From Zone 1 and 2 Combined 0 0 0 0 0 0 From Zone 1 and 2 Combined 44 37 28 23 17 12 Add From Zones 3 and 4 Combined 2 1 2 2 2 1 From Zones 3 and 4 Combined 45 38 29 25 19 12 Add From Zone (1 and 2) and (3 and 4) Combined 3 3 3 2 2 3 Estimated Sound Level in Staff Conference Space from IPEC 48 41 32 27 21 15 A-Weighting -15-8 -3 0 1 1 A-Weighted Noise from IPEC 33 33 29 27 22 16 db Addition Add Result db Addition Add Result db Addition Add Sound Level Estimated Sound Pressure Level in Staff Conference Space 3 2 1 36 31 23 1 37 0 37 db 0 23

Penthouse Costs 29 Equipment Enclosure

Penthouse Durations 30 Equipment Enclosure