Circular Economy: spinning the wheel of fortune Jorge DIAZ DEL CASTILLO European Commission DG Environment
Brussels, we have a problem! Municipal Waste Management, 2014 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% Landfilling Incineration Recycling Composting 30% 20% 10% 0% Source: Eurostat
From a Linear Economy NATURAL RESOURCES TAKE MAKE DISPOSE WASTE WASTE WASTE 3
to a Circular Economy (CE) Spin resources in the economy for as long as possible Security of supply Boosting the EU economy by up to 7% GDP Creating 600.000 jobs in the EU Reduction of waste and associated impacts (GHG emissions, leachate) 4
examples of CE measures: Lex: Product eco-design, waste and fertilisers Communications/strategies: waste to energy, plastic strategy Implementation/enforcement: clamping down on illegal waste shipments Guidance and best practices: on waste management/resource efficiency in industry Standards: for recycling electronic waste, batteries, and C&D waste Indicators: to measure food waste and energy performance of buildings Financing instruments: EFSI and Cohesion policy funds for the CE 5
New targets: municipal waste recycling 70% 60% 60% 65% 50% 44% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2014 (current status) Target 2025 (1 method) % Prep. For reuse and recycling Target 2030 (1 method) 6
New targets: municipal waste landfilling 35% 30% 28 % 25% 20% 15% 10% 10% 5% 0% 2014 Objective 2030 % Municipal waste in landfill 7
% Prep for resue and recycling New targets: recycling packaging waste 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Plastic Wood Ferrous metal Aluminium Glass Paper and cardboard Existing targets Target 2025 Target 2030 2012 (latest data) Overall 8
Current rules: Separate collection Separate collection for at least paper, metal, plastic and glass since 2015 to promote high quality recycling (Art. 11 WFD) New proposals: MS to ensure separate collection of bio-waste MS to promote sorting systems for C&D waste 9
Economic Instruments Current rules: Polluter-pays principle: the costs of waste management shall be borne by the original waste producer or by the current or previous waste holders (Art. 14 WFD) New proposals: MS to put in place economic instruments to promote waste hierarchy (landfill tax, PAYT) General requirements for EPR schemes
Waste2Energy "Extracting more energy from less waste"
Fact #1 W2E is the bridge between Circular Economy and the Energy Union 12
Fact #2 Approximately 1.5 % of the EU s total final energy consumption comes from waste 13
Fact #3 W2E covers more than waste incineration 14
Fact #4.but, they are not all the same 15
Fact #5 and they are not all incinerating the same % of municipal waste 50 50 56 18 27 54 9 21 12 35 44 48 35 35 21 19 38 15 12 10 2 2 Dark Red: >40% Red: 30%-40% Orange: 10%-30% Green: <10% Blue: 0% Source: EUROSTAT, 2015 Cyprus & Malta
Fact #6 Feedstock for W2E forecast Mixed waste: in the short term, an increase in waste incineration due to its diversion from landfill; in the longer run, it will level off as more waste will be recycled Wood, plastic, textile, tyre, solvents, etc: energy recovery could see a reduced role in future, primarily due to the better application of the waste hierarchy Biodegradable waste: energy recovery through anaerobic digestion should increase.
Fact #7 "Getting more energy from less waste" Co-incineration of syngas from Solid Recovered Fuel Conversion of waste heat to power in cement kilns Raising the temperature in dedicated incinerators (super heaters, heat pumps) Turning biogas from anaerobic digestion into bio-methane but also fostering the use of CHP and facilitating the use of heating and cooling networks and symbiosis in industrial parks 18
Fact #8 Energy recovered as electricity, efficiency Energy recovered as heat, efficiency CHP recovery efficiency Av % Opt % Av % Opt % Av % Opt % Electric Heat Electric Heat Combustion plants 36 40 - - - - - - WI plants 22 33 72 80 17 51 27 66 Total 68 Total 93 CL plants - - 75 80 - - - - AD plants 18 23 - - 18 18 Total 36 - - 19
Message #1 Public support for W2E should be aligned with the waste hierarchy 20
Message #2 MS with low or non-existent incineration: Careful and forward-looking planning Considering available W2E capacity 21
Message #3 MS with high incineration: Use of economic instruments (e.g. taxes) Rearranging existing support schemes Moratorium & decommissioning 22
Message #4 and if incineration is absolutely needed: Suitable location Optimal capacity Proven state-of-the-art energy-efficient technology 23
Message #5 The Commission will remain committed to: Assessing waste management plans to ensure that MS give priority to separate collection and recycling where prevention or re-use is not achievable ensuring that EU funding and other public financial support is directed towards waste treatment options that are in line with the waste hierarchy promoting W2E processes with high energy (and material) yields 24
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/
26 For info or further questions on this seminar and the activities of the JASPERS Networking Platform, please contact: JASPERS Networking and Competence Centre jaspersnetwork@eib.org www.jaspersnetwork.org