CROSS BORDER FOOD CONTROL UNDER LEGISLATIVE FRAME WORK IN PAKISTAN (FUTURE STRATEGY TO INCREASE REGIONAL COOPERATION IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION) BY DR. MUBARIK AHMED ADVISER & DIRECTOR GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PROTECTION MINISTRY OF NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY AND RESEARCH P A K I S T A N
OVERVIEW OF AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN o Contribution to GDP = 20.9% o Labour force employed = 43.5% o Provides livelihood to rural population = 66.7% o Average Growth rate in last 5 years = 2.8% o Share of agriculture in total exports = 57.3% Livestock Sectoral Share in Agri. GDP 2014-15 Forestry 11,76 0,41 0,43 8,27 Fisheries Crops Contribution of Different Sectors in GDP (%) 2014-15 Industrial Sector 20,88 Agricultural Sector 20,3 58,82 Service Sector Source: Economic Survey of Pakistan 2014-2015
Major Crops Production Exports Million Tons Million Tons MAJOR CROPS Number of importing countries Fruits 6.8 1.09 53 Vegetables 2.19 0.81 33 Rice 6.8 3.94 136 Maize 4.53 0.08 30 Major Importing Countries UAE, KSA, Iran, Europe, Middle East, Far East, Central East, Canada, USA, Australia, etc., UAE, KSA, Iran, Europe, Middle East, Far East, Central East, Canada, USA, Australia, etc., UAE, KSA, Iran, Europe, Middle East, Far East, Central East, Canada, USA, Australia, etc., Canada, China, Kenya, Oman, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, UAE, Vietnam, Yamen Cotton 0.57 55 USA, India, Australia, etc. Wheat 25.29 0.22 20 Pulses 0.66 0.01 15 Qatar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Somalia, Thailand, etc., UAE, KSA, Middle East, Canada, Germany, Sri-Lanka, UK, Mauritius,.
HORTICULTURAL CROPS o Horticulture is one of the important industry of Pakistan. o Presently Pakistan is exporting fruits and vegetables to the USA, the Europe, Middle East, Far East, India and Sri Lanka. o Mango, Kinnow, apple, dates, pine nuts, oranges and guava are few well exported fruits and among vegetables are potato, onion, bottlegourds, mushroom, garlic, chilly, bittergourd, egg plant, okra etc. o Dubai is the biggest market for Pakistani Mango following Iran, UK, etc., whereas, Sri- Lanka is the biggest market for Pakistani fresh apple. o Russia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Iran, Sri-Lanka is the biggest market for Pakistani citrus and Potato. o Fruit and vegetables export of Pakistan during 2014-15 was 671 million US $. o Pakistan s fruit and vegetables Share to World Export is 0.56%.
SHARE OF DIFFERENT COMMODITIES IN AGRO BASED EXPORT Others Cotton & Cotton based Products 58,60 13,90 27,50 Fruit, Rice, Fish & Livestock 57.27% of Total Exports of Pakistan Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
HORTICULTURAL CROPS NAME OF CROP Mango Citrus Guava Apple Dates Potato Onion Chillies EXPORT DESTINATION Iran, Europe, USA, Russia, Australia, Gulf states, Middles East, Central East Russia, Middle East, Central East, Indonesia, Sri-Lanka, Malaysia etc., Afghanistan, Canada, KSA, Kuwait, etc. Oman, UAE, Bahrian, Srilanka, Singapore ect. UAE, USA, Australia, India, Bangladesh, Japan, etc., UAE, Malaysia, Srilanka, Oman, Bangladesh, etc. UAE, Malaysia, Srilanka, Oman, Bangladesh, etc. Australia, Behrain, China, Indonesia, Kuwait, KSA, etc. TOTAL IMPORTING COUNTRIES EXPORT (000 MT) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 53 87.00 81.20 91.70 48 126.74 226.22 350.00 12 0.67 0.18 0.72 14 1.28 0.52 1.78 33 156.13 166.45 172.68 16 0.12 96.23 180.00 16 75.206 75.49 82.76 33 4.83 5.66 6.12
QUANTUM OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS (000 MT) Year Rice Food Grains Fruits Vegetables (Fresh / Dry) Seeds & Others Raw Cotton Waste Cotton Miscellaneous 2011-12 3516.86 448.76 690.67 114.47 332.76 45.27 0.654 2012-13 3422.69 452.75 1755.07 65.95 77.57 85.27 1.229 2013-14 3256.76 82.259 1045.77 127.71 97.54 58.83 4464.05 2014-15 3937.49 138.31 1899.10 196.22 173.76 111.24 2076.05 Source: Department of Plant Protection
QUANTUM OF AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS (000 MT) Year Jute Food Grains Fruits Vegetables (Fresh / Dry) Seeds & Others Raw Cotton Miscellaneous 2011-12 76.82 812.22 566.73 1015.61 193.35 408.61 2012-13 96.12 555.00 153.33 521.38 463.66 278.65 2013-14 80.15 485.43 560.04 703.19 245.11 719.18 2014-15 70.51 240.87 504.23 1257.78 281.58 1224.95
SPS REGULATIONS 1) Pakistan Plant Quarantine Act 1976 & Pakistan Plant Quarantine Rules 1967. o Regulated through Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of National Food Security and Research. 2) Pakistan Animal Quarantine (Import and Export of Animal and Animal Products) Ordinance 1979. o Regulated through Federal Animal Quarantine Department, Ministry of National Food Security and Research. 3) Pakistan Fish Inspection and Quality Control Act 1997. o Regulated through Marine Fisheries Department, Ministry of National Food Security and Research.
FOOD SAFETY REGULATIONS 1. Pakistan Plant Quarantine Act 1976 & Plant Quarantine Rules 1967. (Regulated by Department of Plant Protection) 2. Pakistan Animal Quarantine (Import and Export of Animal & Animal Products) Ordinance 1979. (Regulated by Federal Animal Quarantine Department ) 3. Pakistan Fish Inspection and Quality Control Act 1997 (Marine Fisheries Department ). 4. Food Grain Testing Rules. (Regulated by Food Testing laboratories of PARC) 5. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Act 1996. (Regulated by PSQCA). 6. Pakistan Pure Food Ordinance 1960. (Regulated by Punjab and Sindh Provincial Govt.).
AUXILLARY REGULATIONS 1) Pakistan Agricultural Research Council Act 1981. (Regulated by Pakistan Agricultural Research Council) 2) Agricultural Produce Grading and Marketing Act 1937. (Regulated by Agricultural & Livestock Products Marketing and Grading Department). 3) Seed (amendment) Act 2014 (Regulated by Federal Seed Certification Department).
TIME TO TIME REGULATIONS o o o o o o o o o o o o o Regulations for Ban on use of Wooden Boxes for packing of perishables. Regulations/ SOP s for use of hot water, vapour heat and irradiation treatment of Mango. Regulations / SOP s for vapour heat treatment of Guava, Bittergourd. Regulations / SOP s for application of Good Agricultural Practices in Mango and Citrus Orchards. Regulations/ SOP s for export of perishables from Registered orchards and crops. Regulations / SOP s for Pack houses of perishables and Ethylene chambers. Regulations for Fumigation companies and fumigation procedures. Regulations for Pest Risk Analysis. Regulations for Pre-shipment Inspection Agencies. Regulations for testing of MRL of perishables before export. Regulations for cold treatment of Citrus and its processing plants. Regulations for Rapeseed meal production, packing, fumigation and transport. Regulations for Rice processing factories.
COMPLIANCE TO INTERNATIONAL MARKET o Economic Minister, Pakistan Mission to EU, Brussels e-mail dated: 27 th March, 2014. o Standing Committee on Plant Health of European Commission has imposed temporarily prohibition on import of high-risk commodities (Citrus, Mango, Bittergourd, Guava and Eggplant) from India by the end of April, 2014 and review will be done on the matter in December 2015. o Pakistan is ranked second behind India for the number of such interceptions during the period 2011-13.
NUMBER OF INTERCEPTIONS o From 2009 to 2013, continuous increase of interception of fruit and vegetables of third countries (TC) in member states (MS) of EU. o Pakistan ranks second in growing number of interceptions till March, 2014. 400 350 363 386 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 300 250 236 200 150 100 50 0 127 116 201 164 114 44 22 181 62 82 47 35 173 104 129 76 60 135 130 45 100 65 49 44 0 0 5 110 110 133 105 109 100 26 52 31 51 53 56 53 40 97 SOURCE: EC.EUROPA.EU THIRD COUNTRIES
NUMBER OF INTERCEPTIONS INTERCEPTION TREND AFTER WARNING 800 700 600 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 716 570 500 400 345 386 363 300 236 201 173 114 100 127 200 164 133 123 145 84 116 52 72 111 110 60 44 85 78 37 88 100 27 48 53 56 50 62 22 20 31 39 11 11 26 38 45 0 Pakistan Sri Lanka Israel Veitnam India Thailand SOURCE: EC.EUROPA.EU THIRD COUNTRIES
NUMBER OF INTERCEPTIONS INTERCEPTION TREND AFTER WARNING 800 700 Pakistan Sri Lanka Israel Veitnam India Thailand 716 600 570 500 400 345 363 386 300 200 100 0 236 201 173 164 145 127 133 116 114 110 123 100 111 72 85 78 84 88 45 44 53 52 56 60 48 50 62 22 37 20 31 39 11 26 27 38 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 SOURCE: EC.EUROPA.EU YEARS
OVERALL FOOD SAFETY INTERCEPTION RECORD OF ASIAN COUNTRIES IN EUROPE SR. NO. NAME OF COUNTRY 2013 2014 FOOD SAFETY FOOD SAFETY 1 CHINA 436 413 2 INDIA 257 199 3 THAILAND 88 91 4 PAKISTAN 11 19 5 BANGLADESH 26 18 6 SRI LANKA 23 17 7 JAPAN 7 7 8 MALAYSIA 11 6 9 LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC 1 0 SOURCE: EC.EUROPA.EU
OVERALL FOOD SAFETY INTERCEPTION RECORD OF IN EUROPE 2013 2014 SR. NAME OF COUNTRY NO. FOOD SAFETY FOOD SAFETY 1 UNITED STATES 102 164 2 VIETNAM 76 126 3 BRAZIL 187 109 4 EGYPT 49 55 5 NIGERIA 22 42 6 MOROCCO 60 37 7 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 21 29 8 GHANA 17 22 9 KENYA 24 20 10 PAKISTAN 11 19 11 SOUTH AFRICA 7 11 12 AUSTRALIA 4 11 13 COTE D'IVOIRE 3 7 14 COSTA RICA 7 7 15 MEXICO 4 6. SOURCE: EC.EUROPA.EU
ACTION PLAN
o ACTION PLAN IMPLEMENTED BY LEGAL AUTHORITY ACTIVITIES Preparation and Implementation of Action plan in consultation with all Stakes holders Development of Harmony among Stakes holders Awareness Campaign through PHDEC, UNIDO, ASLP, AMD- USAID, PFVA, Provincial Govt. PARC, DPP and Dissemination of SOP's Training of Farmers, Labourers and Exporters through Seminors, workshops Installation of Pheromones Traps for Control of Fruit Flies MANGO CITRUS GUAVA BITTER GOURD EGG PLANT CHILLIES OKRA Bagging of Fruits Introduction of Good Agricultural Practices
ACTIVITIES MANGO CITRUS GUAVA BITTERG OURD EGG PLANT CHILLIES OKRA Regular Pest Survey of Orchards/ Vegetable Fields. Technical Support on Pest Management Registration of Farms Restructuring and Improvement of existing facilities Establishment of New HWT/VHT Plants Establishment of New Pack Houses Establishment of New Ethylene Chambers Mandatory MRL Testing before Export Registration of HWT, VHT and Pack Houses
ACTIVITIES Registration of HWT, VHT and Pack Houses Deployment of Inspectors of Pre- Shipment Inspection Agencies at facilities. Monitoring of facilities activities by Inspectors of DPP and PSIA. Deployment of additional senior trained technical Officers at Plant Quarantine Offices Mandatory HWT/VHT/ Irradiation /Processing Treatments before Export Mandatory Cold Treatment Packing in corrugated boxes with proper net on their holes to avoid cross infestation in pathway. Strict Internal and External Inspection of Fruits and Vegetables at Plant Quarantine Office before Export MANGO CITRUS GUAVA BITTER GOURD EGG PLANT CHILLIES OKRA
INSPECTION AND REGISTRATION OF FARMS Monitoring of fruit fly & SOP s Monitoring of fruit fly & SOP s
Monitoring of Fruitflies in Pheromone Traps Monitoring of Harvesting Techniques
Harvesting of Mango Fruit Hot Water Treatment of Mango
Hot Water Treatment Plant Hot Water Treated Mango
Visit of Australian Delegate Visit of Australian Delegate
Bagging of Mango Fruit Bagging of Mango Fruit
NEW DEVEOPLMENTS-2014 & 2015 Criterion Pre-Warning Period 2011 2012 2013 01.01.14 to 26.3.14 Post- Warning Period 27-03-14 to 12-11-14 2015 PSI by international PSIA No No No No Yes Yes MRL testing No No No No Yes Yes Number of Registered Farms Number of Registered Pack Houses Number of Hot Water Treatment Plants 0 0 15 15 37 150 0 0 8 8 35 43 0 0 1 1 10 29 Ethylene chamber 0 0 2 2 8 39 Bagging of fruits 0 0 0 0 0 1 million
ACHIEVEMENTS
VIGILANT AND INCREASED INSPECTION BY UK AUTHORITIES o Commercial Counsellor revealed that this year, UK border agencies were extra vigilant and increased inspection count significantly. o Of 1641 imported consignment, 1275 (77.70 %) consignments were inspected as against 2454 (41%) consignments in 2013. o 0.24% consignment were failed in inspection test as against 7.86% in 2013. o The actual number of failed consignments dropped from 193 to only 3. o Eggs in suspicious consignments failed to turn into larvae on subsequent tests due to additional measures of Pakistan, hence, were not considered for EU limit of 5 interceptions. o If particular fruit/ vegetable has less than 6 failed physicals in a period of 2 years or more, the product can be submitted to the EU commission to be considered as low risk product. Source: Commercial Counsellor letter No. TD/UK/4/1/11, dated. September 16, 2015
VIGILANT AND INCREASED INSPECTION BY UK AUTHORITIES Time of Reference Total Consign ments Total Inspectio Inspected Weight (kg) n Count % Failed Physical Failed Physical as % of inspection Failed Physical as % of total count consignments Mango Season 2013 5,909 9,615,855. 30 2,454 41.53% 193 7.86% 3.27% Mango Season 2014 1,226 2,615,784. 60 681 55.55% 2 0.29% 0.16% Mango Season 2015 (Till 10th Aug 2015) 1,641 3,550,197. 60 1,275 77.70% 3 0.24% 0.18% Source: DEFRA, Presentation made to DG, DPP
NUMBER OF INTERCEPTIONS 200 193 180 OVER ALL PAKISTAN INTERCEPTION RECORD OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES INTO EU DURING 2013, 2014 AND 2015 160 140 120 2013 100 80 60 40 20 0 2 3 39 19 17 0 10 0 9 8 12 0 0 16 3 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 00 020 002 010 001 2014 2015 SOURCE: EC.EUROPA.EU FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
NUMBER OF INTERCEPTIONS PAKISTAN INTERCEPTION RECORD OF 5 HIGH RISK COMMODITIES IN EU 200 193 180 160 140 120 100 80 2013 2014 2015 60 39 40 19 17 20 12 16 10 9 8 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 Mango Bitter gourd Guava Egg Plant Citrus SOURCE: EC.EUROPA.EU FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
NUMBER OF INTERCEPTIONS 40 39 PAKISTAN INTERCEPTIONS RECORD OF VEGETABLES IN EU 35 30 25 2013 20 15 17 2014 10 10 8 2015 5 0 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 SOURCE: EC.EUROPA.EU NAMES OF VEGETABLES
NUMBER OF INTERCEPTIONS PAKISTAN INTERCEPTION RECORD OF FRUITS IN EU 200 193 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 2013 2014 2015 40 20 19 16 9 12 2 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 Mango Guava Citrus Custord Chiko Ziziphus Apple SOURCE: EC.EUROPA.EU NAMES OF FRUITS
NUMBER OF INTERCEPTIONS MAIN REASONS OF INTERCEPTIONS 180 178 160 140 120 100 80 60 2013 2014 2015 40 20 0 24 3 25 1316 FRUIT FLY THRIPS CITRUS CANKER 7 7 6 4 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 BRINJAL BORER LEAF MINOR ARMY WORM CUCUMBER MOTH HELICOVERPA SOURCE: EC.EUROPA.EU HARMFUL ORGANISM
OVERALL ACHIEVEMENTS-2015 NAME OF COUNTRY 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Cambodia 0 0 5 65 130 239 6 Pakistan 44 22 114 164 236 48 11 Sri Lanka 53 52 56 133 110 123 11 China 49 45 44 100 135 163 13 Malaysia 12 7 42 78 72 40 25 Dominican Republic 76 60 129 104 173 124 29 Israel 100 85 145 84 60 50 32 South Africa 37 25 56 37 48 68 35 Vietnam 72 78 345 20 37 52 39 India 127 116 201 363 386 167 45 Kenya 53 31 109 105 100 104 49 Thailand 716 570 173 111 88 59 67 Uganda 3 8 16 24 51 111 85 Bangladesh 40 51 26 110 97 117 93 Ghana 35 47 82 62 181 313 243 Source: Europhyt Annual Report-2013, 2014, 2015/ DG SANCO, http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/plant_health_biosafety/europhyt/index_en.htm. Public data of EUROPHYT
BILATERAL REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS S. No. Title Country Year 1 2 3 4 Protocol of Phytosanitary Requirements for exporting Mangoes from Islamic Republic of Pakistan to the People s Republic of China Protocol of Phytosanitary Requirements for the export of Citrus fruit from Pakistan to China between the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock of Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the Peoples Republic of China Protocol on Phytosanitary Requirements for Export of Rice from Pakistan to China between the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People s Republic of China Protocol between the Ministry of National Food Security and Research of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People s Republic of China on Phytosanitary requirements for exporting mangoes from Pakistan to China. China 2003 China 2005 China 2005 China 2013
5 6 7 8 9 10 Agreement between the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan on Cooperation in the Field of Plant Quarantine and Plant Protection Agreed Technical Procedure for Issuance of Phytosanitary Certificate for mango and kinnow Fruit Exported from Pakistan to Iran Memorandum of Understanding of 17 th Session of Joint Economic Commission between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran Agreed Minutes of the Third Meeting of the Pakistan-Iran Joint Working Group (JWG) on Agricultural Cooperation held on 25-26 June, 2008 (5-6 Tir 1387) at Tehran Memorandum of understanding (MoU) on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Matters between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Republic of Mauritius Memorandum of Understanding for Export of Mangoes from Islamic Republic of Pakistan to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Iran 2002 Iran 2005 Iran 2008 Iran 2009 Mauritius 2007 Jordan 2008
11 Agreed Procedures for Mutual Cooperation for the Preshipment Monitoring of the Subjected to Quarantine Products that are to be exported from Islamic Republic of Pakistan to the Russian Federation between the officials of the National Organizations on Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (FSVPS) of the Russian Federation and the Plant Quarantine Section, Department of Plant Protection (DPP), Karachi, Islamic Republic of Pakistan 12 Procedures for the realization of export of the regulated products from Islamic Republic of Pakistan to the territory of the Russian Federation 13 Preferential Trade Agreement between the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia Russian Federation Russian Federation 2007 2008 Indonesia 2012 14 Procedure for export of mango to Japan Japan 2010 15 Plant Quarantine Import Requirement for Fresh Mango Fruit from Pakistan to South Korea South Korea 2012
OTHER INTERNATIONAL BILATERAL AGREEMENT S. No. Title Country Year 1 Framework Equivalency Work Plan. USA 2007 2 MoU between the Pakistan Department of Plant Protection & the Australian Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry concerning the Export of fresh Mango form Pakistan to Australia. Australia 2013 3 Agreed Minutes of the 2 nd South Africa-Pakistan Joint Commission South Africa 2011 4 5 6 Memorandum of Understanding on the field of Agriculture between the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food of the Republic of Argentina and the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan on Cooperation in the field of Plant Quarantine. Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Cooperation in the field of Sanitary and Phytosanitary issues related to Bilateral Trade in Plant and Plant Materials and Animal and Animal Products between the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Ministry of Agriculture Government of the Republic of Chile. Argentina 2006 Uzbekistan 2006 Chile 2007