1 Mission Resilience & Sustainability Training Water 202: Turning Audits and CEWWEs into Successful Projects Presented By: Varun Sood 63 rd Readiness Division Emily Wendel - PNNL Kate McMordie Stoughton PNNL Brian Boyd - PNNL
Speakers 2 Varun Sood Sain Engineering Associates, Inc. Resource Efficiency Manager 63 rd Readiness Division Varun.Sood.ctr@mail.mil Emily Wendel Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Building Performance Evaluation Technical Team Lead Emily.Wendel@pnnl.gov
Speakers 3 Kate McMordie Stoughton Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Engineer Water Team Lead Katherine.McMordieStoughton@pnl.gov Brian Boyd Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Engineer brian.boyd@pnnl.gov
Learning Objectives 4 This session will address these questions: What are the greatest challenges and opportunities for water projects for each Installation and RSC? Which types of projects are typically the most cost effective for the Army Reserve? How do I calculate the correct water rate for each project type? What resources are available for standardizing water efficiency projects across a region or installation?
Project Challenges 5 Low Priority Not My Area of Expertise Using Other Funding Lack of Command Interest Low SIR Lack of Opportunities Don t Get Funded
6 What are the largest challenges to successfully completing water projects at your RSC or Installation?
7 Varun Sood 63 rd Readiness Division
Why Develop Water Projects? 8 Aging Infrastructure Population Growth Regional Droughts Increasing Utility Rates
Water Audit 9 Use a proper checklist to document existing equipment and usage patterns Take pictures of nameplate data Interview facility maintenance staff Use proper tools to document information such as flow rates or building water pressure Water pressure gauge Water flow bag Leak detection tablets
Water Audit Checklist 10
Water Audit Checklist 11
Audit Tools 12
Water Balance 13 Use the data from the walkthrough to perform an end use analysis
Identify Potential Projects 14 Plumbing Retrofits Fix Water Leaks Install Smart Meters Reduce Irrigation Use Rainwater Harvesting Vehicle Wash Recycling Reduce Sewer Charges ($ Savings) Reduce fixed meter charges ($ savings)
How to Fund Projects 15 QUTM Funds ERCIP Projects SRM Projects PM Contractor & GPC Purchase 3 rd party financing bundle with energy
16 63d Division Initiative #1 Standardizing Plumbing Equipment
Objective 17 Create a standardized plumbing equipment specification for the entire region Specify water flow rate requirements and use proven technologies Eliminate expensive replacement parts and reduce equipment failures Save water and O&M costs
Toilets and Urinals 18 Flushometer Toilet Replacement Max flow rate of 1.28 gallons per flush Tank-type Toilet Replacement Install pressure-assisted WaterSense labeled toilet Max flow rate of 1.0 gallon per flush Urinal Replacement WaterSense labeled fixtures Max flow rate of 0.13 gallons per flush
Flush Valve Specification 19 Install piston type flush valves and eliminate the use of diaphragm valves Eliminate the use of battery powered or electronic flush valves to reduce maintenance Eliminate flush volume adjustments
Diaphragm vs. Piston 20 Bypass orifice can become clogged, which causes long flush cycles and water waste
Restroom Lavatories 21 Install tamper proof faucet aerators Max flow rates for public restrooms: Manual faucets 0.5 gallons per minute Automatic faucets 0.25 gallons per cycle (retrofits only) Max flow rates for private restrooms: 1.5 gallons per minute WaterSense labeled faucet aerators Eliminate battery powered and electronic faucets
Showerheads 22 Install WaterSense labeled products only Install tamper proof showerheads Max flow rate of 2.0 gallons per minute Eliminate showerhead flow rate adjustment
23 63d Division Initiative #2 Reduce Irrigation Costs
Objective 24 Started the initiative in response to the CA drought and increasing water fees
Advantages 25 Xeriscape/native landscape projects help reduce water consumption Reduction in grounds maintenance costs Visually attractive landscapes Drought tolerant
Scope of Work 26 Remove existing grass turf and plants that require constant irrigation Provide chemical treatment, weed fabric, trimming and clearing Install new landscape consisting of river rock, boulders, artificial turf and native plant species Install drip irrigation (if necessary)
Project Funding 27 SRM Funds Four (4) projects completed QUTM Funds One (1) funded project One (1) unfunded project MILCON Program Two (2) projects under construction Three (3) projects in design phase
Project Examples 28
Helpful Links 29 FEMP Water Efficiency Resources: http://energy.gov/eere/femp/best-managementpractices-water-efficiency EPA Resources: http://www.epa.gov/watersense/ PNNL Resources: http://sustainable.pnnl.gov/water.stm Alliances for Water Efficiency: http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/
30 Emily Wendel Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Evaluation Program Directives 31 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 Section 432 and the Army Comprehensive Energy and Water Evaluations (CEWE) Policy (23 Aug 2012) requires the Commands to: 1. Evaluate 75% of installation s energy and water every 4 years (floor area may be used as a proxy) At least 25% of facilities evaluated per year 2. Conduct comprehensive energy and water evaluations that must include: Energy and water retrofit measures Re- or retro-commissioning measures
32 5 Types of Facility Evaluations Net Zero CEWWE On-Site Controls Focused CEWWE Standard CEWWE Remote Remote Controls Evaluation Desk Eval.
Water s Role in each CEWWE Type 33 Net Zero: Deep water retrofits, conservation, and alternative water Controls Focused: Newer buildings, so plumbing focused Standard: Plumbing, irrigation and rainwater harvesting for vehicle wash Remote Controls: Interval meter analysis and benchmarking usage combined with occupancy data from controls Desk: Interval meter analysis and benchmarking usage, reviews of past projects implemented and/or identified
Overall ARIMD CEWWE Program Impact (FY14-17) 34 150 sites Energy Water Waste $75M in projects 21% avg. savings per evaluation 25% avg. savings per evaluation 47 sites evaluated 38% of SF 10% savings for USAR overall 6% savings for USAR overall Recycling program improvements
Water Conservation Opportunity 35 Water Conservation Savings and Investment Costs by Region Overall Use, Mgal Water Conservation Potential Investment, % of RSC Mgal $k $k Use 63rd 30 2.6 9% 53 580 81st 39 2.0 5% 23 259 88th 93 9.1 10% 42 524 99th 14 0.2 2% 3 23
FY17 Water Conservation Potential 37
FY16 Water Conservation Potential 38
WUI Reduction (kgal/sf) 39
Economics by Region 40 Region Standalone Projects Overall SPP Overall SIR 88th 48% 12.5 1.0 99th 69% 8.2 1.5 81st 52% 10.8 1.1 63rd 52% 11.5 1.0
Economics by Measure 41 Retrofit Type Standalone Projects Overall SPP Overall SIR Faucets 89% 1.3 9.5 Showers 70% 3.8 3.1 Urinals 10% 23.8 0.5 Toilets 14% 20.0 0.6 Other 23% 7.4 1.6
LCCA Calculations 42 General Inputs W MW S NE Economic Life: 15 years Utility rates Region Water billing Plumbing Tool Specific Inputs Occupant schedule Fixture types/counts Fixture operating parameters (flowrates) Irrigation Tool Specific Inputs Landscape type/area Observed appearance Irrigation season Irrigation system
Water Life Cycle Cost Analysis 43 1391 Investment Costs Design Labor Equipment Overhead Utility Savings Electric, Natural Gas Water $ Savings Economics Simple Payback Period SIR O&M Savings Discount Factor
Using a Blended Rate for Water Analysis 44 Example 1 Total $ / Total Use Use, kgal Cost, $ Blended Rate 2 $17.36 $8.68 3 $18.93 $6.31 14 $36.20 $2.59 Removing meter fees Use, kgal Cost, $ Marginal Rate 2 $3.14 $1.57 3 $4.71 $1.57 14 $21.98 $1.57 Water Use Sample bill Water Cost Blended Rate Estimate ($/kgal) 10 79.25 7.925 Example 2 Water Tariff
Tips & Tricks, Common LCCA mistakes 45 1. Misinterpreting units from water bills (CCF vs. kgal?) 2. When to use sewer rate (Yes for plumbing, No for irrigation, vehicle wash, cooling towers) 3. Not capturing O&M impact for alternative water 4. Estimating savings way too high or way too low 5. Large amount of water unaccounted for
Project Development: Bundling Water 46 Ways to bundle water projects Across sites Within a site/building Measure Category Total Savings ($/yr) Investment ($) Simple Payback (yr) SIR Building Envelope $4,784 $18,776 3.9 1.3 Controls $7,440 $12,666 1.7 1.2 Lighting $70,011 $1,087,449 15.5 1.0 Plumbing 1,835 107,686 58.7 0.2 Irrigation $10,042 $66,083 6.6 1.8 Other $413 $1,056 2.6 3.5 Total $94,525 $1,293,716 13.7 1.02
# of Projects FY18-24 QUTM/POM Projects 47 Water Savings, kgal 120 25 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 15 10 5 0 # of Projects Water Savings
Project Development 48 PNNL can QA simple projects and can help develop more complicated projects
Roundtable Discussion 49 What are the largest challenges you face on water projects? What are the largest opportunities you have on water projects? What do you wish you could tell yourself one year ago?