Bambang Prastowo bprastowo@gmail.com Biomass Asia Conference Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 20-22 May 2013 Indo nesian Agency fo r Agriculture Research and Develo pm ent Ministry of Agriculture 2013 Science. Innovation. Network
Biomass solid and liquid biomass important biomass agric. residues and used in traditional/modern application picture : kusumo, 2013
agric. residues are used in traditional
Biomass solid and liquid biomass important biomass agric. residues and used in traditional/modern application biomass from rural and urban resources it is important to define source of biomass before calculating the potency is needed criteria
rural sector solid biomass : only crops residues agric/forest residues criteria : direct+indirectly do not disturb food security and environment
Food crops : food security > rice : only the husk, straw are for animal feed > corn : only corn cob, leaves are for animal feed > sugar : only bagasse, cane top are for animal feed Estate crops : environment consideration > ruber : only small log from replanting > palm oil : only EFB (half for compost/organic Forest : waste only fertilzer), shells bark are for animal feed
Zero Waste INOVASI Zero Cost picture : kusumo, 2013 SCIENCE. INNOVATION. NETWORKS www.litbang.deptan.go.id
Palm oil : Empty fruit bunches and palm shells Coconut : Shell and fibre Ruber : Small log Sugar : Bagasse Rice : Husk Corn : Corncob
70,000 Production of Energy Crops in Indonesia 60,000 50,000 40,000 x 1000 ton 30,000 20,000 Palm Oil Coconut Sugar Ruber Rice Corn 10,000 0 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Land Suitability Map for Energy Crops in Indonesia 5/4/2013 Las-BBSDLP 11
Land Suitability Map for Jaropha Curcas in Indonesia Land Suitability Map for Jaropha Curcas in Indonesia (1 : 1.000.000)
Area Prod. CPO Product ivit y : 8, 9 mill Ha : 22, 5 mill t on : 2-3 t / ha Empt y Fruit Bunch. : 23 % of prod (should be considered as pot biomass) ICECRD 2007
New jatropha curcas high yielding seed Jatropha CurcasHigh Yielding Seed have been Released in 2006, 2007, 2008 (4-6 t/ha & 6-8 t/ha & 10 t/ha) IP-1 A, IP2-A, IP-3 A for dry area, ICERD ICERD IP 1M,IP-2M, IP-3 for medium dry area, IP-1 P, IP-2P, IP-3 for wet area (should be considered as pot biomass)
The sago palm fields in Indonesia (mostly located in Papua) and estimated about 1.5 mill hectare Sago is a stapple food in certain area in Indonesia (should be considered as pot biomass)
47,763 ha 1,5 juta ha 638 ha grow scatterly with not so grow scatterly with not so large planted areas
Production of Energy Crops 2010 Energy Crops Planted Area Production ( x 1000 Ha ) ( x 1000 Ton ) Palm Oil 8,430 19,760 Coconut 3,808 3,266 Sugar 448 2,694 Ruber 3,445 2,591 Rice 12,147 66,411 Corn 4,131 18,327
Potency of Solid Agriculture Biomass 2010 Efective Residues Palm Oil Coconut Fruit empty bunches Palm shell Shell Fibre Planted Potency Energy Potency Area***) (x X 100 Energy mill 1000 Ha) MJ/Ha/Year *) GJ/year 8,430 32,8****) 6,5 3,808 9,6 12,7 138.3 54.8 17.5 23.2 Ruber Small log 3,445 36.3 **) Sugar Bagasse 448 288,8 129.8 Rice Husk 12,147 11,8 143.3 Corn Cob 4,131 17,3 71.5 Note : Potency of Solid Agr. Biomass 614.6 *) ITB **) Rostiwati Silvi, Ministry of Forestry, 2011, calculated based on ZREU (2000) ***) Ministry of Agriculture (2011) ****) Assumed that 50% of empty fruit bunches is for organic fertilizer (compost)
Potency of Forest Solid Biomass 2010 Efective Biomass Residues Log cutting Residues Year Period Managed Forest 1998 2004 2005 2010 Residues (Mill Ton/Year) 2.3 1.91 Average 2.105 People Forest 2000 2010 1.6 Total 3.705 Techinical Energy Potensial (mill GJ/year) 15.643 Saw timber 2006 2010 4.2 42 Wood industry 2006 2010 7.86 83.84 Technical Energy Potensial of Solid Forest Biomass 141.483
Potency of Solid Biomass In Indonesia 2010 No Solid Biomass Residues Potency of Solid Biomass (Mill GJ/Year) 1 Agriculture 614.6 2 Forestry 141.483 Total 756.083 picture : kusumo, 2013
Bambang Prastowo (2008), Availability BiomassConvertion Energy from Agriculture in Indonesia 2007 Pengembangan Tek eknologi Biofuel di Indonesia. Puslitban ng Perkebunan Biomass plays an important role for the energy sustainable development in Indonesia Zentrum fur Rationell Energienwendung und Unwel GmBH (ZREU, 2000) 470 mill GJ/yr B. Prastowo (2007) 441.1 mill GJ/yr (excluded forest biomass residu and maize ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Commodity Palm oil Coconut Rubber Rice Sugarcane Sago Cattle Yield (mill GJ/yr) 170 130 --- --- 2.66 58 0.33 Biomass Residu (mill GJ/yr) 69.7 --- 144.8 158.6 78 --- --- Total 360.99 441.1 30,92 G Watt (CF 82 %, from agric.only, bambang p)
NATIONAL ENERGY PRODUCTION AND RESERVES ENERGY TYPE TOTAL RESERVE PROVEN RESERVE PRODUCTION RATIO (Reserve/ Production) Oil and Gas 56.6 billion barrel 8.4 billion barrel *) 348 million barrel 24 Gas 334.5 TSCF 165 TSCF 2.79 TSCF 59 Coal 90.5 billion ton 18.7 billion ton 201 million ton 93 Coal Bed Methane (CBM) 453 TSCF - - - POTENTIAL INSTALLED CAPACITY Hydro Power 75.67 GW 4200 MW Geothermal 27 GW 1,042 MW Mini/Micro-hydro 500 MW 210 MW Biomass 49.81 GW 445 MW Solar Energy 4.8 kwh/m 2 /day 12 MW Wind Energy 3-6 m/sec 2 MW Note: As data in 2007, ESDM 30,92 G Watt (CF 82 %, from agric.only, bambang 22 p)
Potensial Solid Biomass that can be assessed : Palm oil Coconut Ruber Sugar Rice Corn Forest waste : Empty fruit bunches and palm shells : Shell and fibre : Small log : Bagasse : Husk : Corncob : Log cutting, saw timber wood industry
Agriculture residues is 614.6 mill GJ/ year Forest waste is around 141.483 mill GJ/ year or Totally is around 756.083 mill GJ per year Solid biomass energy potensial are increasing along with production of energy crops in the last ten year, unfortunately its utilization is still very limited, that is around 3.25 %.
The actual readily feedstock (for liquid biofuel) from agriculture are mainly palm oil for biodiesel, sugarcane and cassava for bioetanol The nantional palm oil production recently is able to support the national target of biodiesel usage Otherwise, due to the lack of feedstocks, so the production of sugarcane and cassava are not able to support the national target of bioetanol usage
There are other potensial crops that usually produce non solid biomass energy in Indonesia and grow scatterly with not so large planted areas such as : physic nut or jatropha curcas, nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum), candle nut, and also sugar palm, cassava, sago and sorgum
Solid biomass energy should be utilized in the country where the biomass were taken In the future, second generation biofuel have to be developed from the biomass to omit competition with food picture : kusumo, 2013
picture : kusumo, 2013 Science. Innovation. Network