Global Status of Commercialized Biotech Crops International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications
Outline of Presentation Introduction Global Perspective and Status Trends and Indicators Challenges and Potentials
A Global Food, Feed and Fiber Strategy No single approach will provide solution to food, feed and fiber security Conventional crop improvement alone will not double food production by 2050 -- biotech crops not a panacea but essential Successful strategy must have multiple approaches that address all the principal issues that include: Population control Improved food distribution systems The technology component - A crop improvement strategy that integrates conventional and biotech crop approaches to optimize productivity and that can contribute to food, feed and fiber security
Crop Productivity Opportunities Percentage 80 50 0-5 20-50 250-300 100 Current crop production Germplasm improvement Farm practices Land gain Others post harvest losses processing efficiency Potential crop production Adapted from CroplifeAsia
Stakeholder Perception of GMOs in Developing Countries Importance of problems in agriculture How GM technology can help solve the problems Source: Aerni and Bernauer, 2006
Global Perspective and Status
Commercialized Biotech Crops Global Area
Biotech Crop Adopters
Commercialized Biotech Crops by Principal Crop
Commercialized Biotech Crops by Trait
Global Farm Income Benefits Trait 2004 increase in farm income (US$M) 1996-2004 increase in farm income (US$M) HT soybean 2,440 9,300 HT maize 152 579 HT cotton 145 750 HT canola 135 713 IR maize 415 1,932 IR cotton 1,472 5,726 Others 20 37 Total 4,779 19,037 Source: Brooks and Barfoot 2005 GM Crops: The Global Economic and Environmental Impact: The First Nine Years
Regulatory Approvals (2006) Number of Events Crop USA Canada EU Japan Aus China Mexico SAfrica Phils Maize 21 21 7 21 11 8 4 4 16 Canola 10 13 4 10 6 7 - - 1 Cotton 12 8 1 8 9 2 6 2 5 Soybean 6 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 Tomato 6 4-1 - - 1 - - Wheat 1 4 - - - - - - - Potato 4 4-3 3 - - - 4 Sugarbeet 3 2-1 2 - - - 2 Rice 1 3 - - - - - - - Other crops 9 7 5 2 2-1 - 1 Total 73 69 18 48 35 18 13 7 30 Source of data: AGBIOS 2006
Regulatory Approvals (2006) Crops Events Traits Maize 33 IR, HT, IR/HT, NV Canola 17 HT, NV Cotton 13 IR, HT, IR/HT Soybean 7 HT, NV Tomato 6 IR, DR Wheat 5 HT Potato 4 IR, HT, IR/VR Sugarbeet 3 HT Rice 2 HT Other crops 15 IR insect resistance, HT herbicide tolerance, NV nutritional value, DR delayed ripening, VR virus resistance Source of data: AGBIOS 2006
Trends and Indicators
Biotech Crops Regulatory Footprint, 2005 Actively granting approvals Pre-commercial field trials Commercialization delayed
Global R&D Diffusion R&D activity has been immense and much wider than commercial adoption 63 countries with biotech production or research activity 57 crops of biotech research interest Field crops: 16 in 55 countries Vegetables: 14 in 50 countries Fruits: 16 in 29 countries Other crops: 11 in 29 countries Source: Runge 2005
Diversity of Crops 57 fruits, vegetables, field crops and other plants ranging from lab trials to commercial production 16 Field Crops Alfalfa Barley Canola Cassava Clover Cotton Flax Maize Rice Safflower Sorghum Soybean Sugar Beet Sugar Cane Sunflower Wheat 14 Vegetables Broccoli Cabbage Carrot Cauliflower Cucumber Eggplant Lettuce Onion Pea/Bean Pepper Potato Spinach Squash Tomato 16 Fruits Apple Banana Cantaloupe Cherry Citrus Coconut Grape Kiwi Mango Melon Papaya Pineapple Plum Raspberry Strawberry Watermelon 11 Other Crops Chicory Cocoa Coffee Garlic Lupins Mustard Oil Palm Oilseed Poppy Olive Peanut Tobacco Source: Runge 2005
Biotech Crop Field Trials, 1992-2006, USA and EU 1200 1000 800 600 400 EU USA 200 0 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2006 data as of August for USA and May for EU EU data: http://biotech.jrc.it/deliberate/dbcountries.asp USA data: http://www.isb.vt.edu/cfdocs/isblists2.cfm?opt=4
Total Number of Approvals for Field Trials in the US by trait by year Source: ISB-VT, 2006
Products Further Down the Road plant-made industrial products (PMIPs) and plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs) bioenergy sources crops tolerant to drought, water logging, salts, heavy metals, heat and cold safer food, improved nutritional value, enhanced taste, better fiber quality, longer shelf-life
Challenges and Potentials
Challenges to Commercialization Market resistance/uncertainties Consumer acceptance Public perception of risks and benefits Market size and value Freedom to operate Regulatory issues Data requirements Costs of compliance
Potentials for Developing Countries More than half of the 63 countries engaged in biotech R&D are in the developing world China is aggressively engaged with huge investment annually India has at least 20 academic and research institutions involved in R&D Argentina and Brazil are rapid adopters and poised for further growth New legislation, regulations and commercial agreements coming into place in Latin America and Asia Brazil, South Africa, Paraguay, Egypt, Philippines most supportive of biotech crop development
Challenges for the Future Continuing responsible stewardship assessment of risks, with and without biotech crops Improved communication with society knowledgebased decisions re biotech crops Increase in number of adopters and area Ensure that biotech crops in conjunction with conventional technologies can contribute to a more sustainable agriculture, global food, feed and fiber security, alleviation of poverty, and safer environment
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