Minnesota Nutrient Management Initiative On-Farm Evaluation of Nitrogen and Phosphorous Nutrient Management
Nutrient Management Initiative On Farm Evaluation Sponsored by USDA-NRCS in collaboration with MDA. Purpose Nutrient Management Education Evaluate economics of nutrient management decisions Assists NRCS with evaluating nutrient management guidance MDA s requirements of State s Nitrogen Management Plan BMP effectiveness
Eligible Areas of the State *Outside of Areas 4, 5, 6, & 7 Any Vulnerable Wellhead Protection Area
Nutrient Management Initiative Design Either nitrogen or phosphorous site 2 Rates replicated 3X (N plots require 2 0 rate checks) No manure or alfalfa history for past 5 years Current soil test required High and very high testing phosphorous fields
Nutrient Management Initiative Design Strip size minimum of 40 wide by minimum of 600 long can be larger No N check=150-200 length Nitrogen Guidance 80-140# per Acre corn following soybeans 120-180# per Acre corn following corn Maintain at least 30# rate separation Harvest 1 combine swath per 40 strip width Weigh wagon yield monitor
Payment and Data Submittal Farmer receives payment through USDA- NRCS EQIP program for participation Farmer required to work with Certified Crop Adviser Cropping information submitted by July 1 st Harvest information submitted by December 1 st
County Dakota Previous Crop Soybeans Soil Test Information Township Marshan History 2nd year continuation Texture sandy loam Tillage System Fall Chisel & Spring Tillage O.M.% 2.1 Irrigated Planting Date Row width Population Hybrid/Variety ph 6.3 Yes 4/24/2009 30 35,000 Pioneer 35F40 Buffer ph 6.9 Pesticide: Laudis Buccaneer-plus 0 PhosBray ppm 58 Rate 2.5 oz. 1 qt. 0 Phos Olsen ppm 79 Harvest Date 11/16/2009 Comments: Pottasium ppm 195 Treatment A-* (1) Nutrient Source Cost per ton Rate lbs./acre Application Date Timing/ Placement Applied on N Check N total lbs./a P2O5 total lbs./a K2O total lbs./a Sulfur Zinc 0-0-60 $750.00 150 11/08/08 Fall Brdcst Yes 0 0 60 0 0 28-16-0-8 $600.00 125 04/28/09 Pre-Plant Brdcst Yes 35 20 0 10 0 10-34-0 $850.00 38 04/24/09 Starter Yes 4 13 0 0 1 21-0-0-24 $450.00 85 05/20/09 Pre-Plant Brdcst Yes 18 0 0 20 0 Nutrient Source 82-0-0 $437.00 61 05/28/09 Post Brdcst No 50 0 0 0 0 28-0-0 $340.00 106 06/25/09 Fertigation Yes 30 0 0 0 0 Nitrogen Stabilizer Used? Treatment B-* (2) Cost per ton Rate lbs./acre No TPF/Acre 137 33 60 30 1 Application Date Timing/ Placement Applied on N Check N total lbs./a P2O5 total lbs./a K2O total lbs./a Sulfur Zinc 0-0-60 $750.00 150 11/08/08 Fall Brdcst Yes 0 0 60 0 0 28-16-0-8 $600.00 125 04/28/09 Pre-Plant Brdcst Yes 35 20 0 10 0 10-34-0 $850.00 38 04/24/09 Starter Yes 4 13 0 0 1 21-0-0-24 $450.00 85 05/20/09 Pre-Plant Brdcst Yes 18 0 0 20 0 82-0-0 $437.00 110 39961 Post Brdcst No 90 0 0 0 0 28-0-0 $340.00 106 39989 Fertigation Yes 30 0 0 0 0 Nitrogen Stabilizer Used? Yield Results 2009 Nutrient Management Initiative Results Nitrogen Rate Comparison Total Plant Food Per Acre Total Plant Food Per Acre No TPF/Acre 177 33 60 30 1 Weighing Method Weigh Wagon Harvested Adjusted Lodging Strip Length in Row Width # of Rows Harvest Yield @ Score 1-5 Yield Number Total N Feet Inches Harvested % Moisture Test Weight Weight 15.5% (5 worst) Averages Check 87 180 30 6 22.7 56.0 816 215.05 Check Ave. 1 177 512 30 6 23.8 56.0 2694 246.06 199.54 2 137 512 30 6 22.7 56.0 2568 237.93 Treatment 3 177 512 30 6 24.5 56.0 2764 250.13 A (low) 4 137 512 30 6 23.3 56.0 2684 246.75 238.30 5 177 512 30 6 22.2 56.0 2670 248.98 Treatment 6 137 512 30 6 23.3 56.0 2504 230.20 B (high) Check 87 180 30 6 22.0 56.0 692 184.03 248.39 Economic Evaluation Report Sent to Participating Farmer and Crop Consultant Nitrogen Cost per lb. of actual N 0.27 *Based on farmers actual costs & predominant nitrogen source Nitrogen to Corn Price* Ratio 0.08 University of Mn. Rate Guidelines 89-110 Corn price based on $3.50 per bushel--results from South-central Minnesota Farm Business Management Additional Cost for 40 lbs. of N per acre $10.80 Yield Difference from Additional N 10.09 bushels/acre or $35.33 Net Return from Additional N per acre @ $3.50/bu $24.53 *(1) Treatment A Guidance for NMI Program-- corn following soybeans-80-140#/a corn following corn-120-180#/a *(2) Treatment B--Must maintain a minimum 30# rate difference
2009 Nutrient Management Initiative Locations 34 Nitrogen 3 Phosphorous 22 Counties
Yield Advantage from Additional N 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 100% 100% 78% 43% 94 Sites 75% 80% 60% 56% 2006 2007 2008 2009 Corn following Soybeans Corn following corn
90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Economic Advantage from Additional N 94 Sites 78% 56% 58% 56% 56% 33% 40% 25% 2006 2007 2008 2009 Corn Following Soybeans Corn following Corn
$120.00 Corn following Soybeans Profit/Loss from Additional N $112.15 $100.00 $80.00 $60.00 $40.00 $20.00 9 Sites with Losses >$5.00/A $3.23 $7.66 $8.36 $10.47 13 Sites with Profits >$5.00/A $13.98 $17.43 $18.00 $19.14 $24.53 $28.77 $29.63 $46.87 $54.09 $0.00 -$20.00 -$40.00 -$60.00 -$80.00 -$58.02 -$27.79 -$26.60 -$25.78 -$20.81 -$18.59 -$17.86 -$16.22 -$5.86 -$2.28 -$0.42
09 Corn following Soybeans (25 sites) Average price paid for N= 55 per pound N price to corn price($3.50) =.16 Ratio U of M Guidance 86-106 Treatment A (low) rates ranged 90-150#/A Low end 90-116 (171-218 bu./a) 190 bu. Ave. High end 113-150 (173-238 bu./a) 196 bu./ Ave Treatment B (high) rates ranged 120-224#/A Low end 120-155 (170-212 bu./a) 191 bu. Ave High end 156-224 (174-248 bu./a) 211 bu. Ave
Value of Corn minus N Costs $120.00 $100.00 $80.00 $60.00 $40.00 $20.00 $0.00 -$20.00 -$40.00 -$60.00 Corn Following Soybeans (Value of Additional Corn minus N Cost) $33.90 $1.50 $57.75 $11.12 $37.98 $112.15 $3.12 $7.66 -$6.57 -$14.49 -$26.04 -$58.02 2006 2007 2008 2009 Highest Return Lowest Return Median Value
-$43.94 -$21.31 -$20.87 -$17.82 $8.82 $12.32 $14.66 $15.70 $24.72 Corn following Corn Profit/Loss from Additional N $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $0.00 -$10.00 -$20.00 -$30.00 -$40.00 -$50.00 4 Sites with > $17 per Acre Loss 5 Sites with > $8 per Acre Profit 210 198 218 170 191 215 160 204 150
2009 Corn following Corn (9 sites) Average price paid for N= 47 per pound N price to corn price($3.50) =.13 Ratio U of M Guidance 128-149 Treatment A (low) rates ranged 120-185#/A Low end 120-143 (114-181 bu./a) 149 bu. Ave. High end 158-185 (159-235 bu./a) 190 bu./ Ave Treatment B (high) rates ranged 120-224#/A Low end 150-170 (126-182 bu./a) 145 bu. Ave High end 191-218 (151-241 bu./a) 191 bu. Ave
Value of Corn minus N Costs $70.00 $60.00 $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $0.00 -$10.00 -$20.00 -$30.00 -$40.00 -$50.00 Corn Following Corn(Value of Additional Corn minus N Cost) $22.50 $34.18 $55.19 -$12.00 -$13.27 -$13.98 -$27.42 -$25.01 -$23.24 2006 2007 2008 2009 Highest Return Lowest Return Median Value $24.72 $8.82 -$43.94
Other Observations in 2009 N prices were 13% higher in 2009. 44% of sites had split applications of N 13% less yield on corn following corn Check strips resulted in 70% of yield 70% of the time. Efficiency of Corn Production S-C.61-.75# of N per bushel of corn C-C.98-1.14# of N per bushel of corn
Hwy 90 Drainage Demonstration Water Quality and Nutrient Management Demonstration
Water Quality Demonstration Evaluating BMP Effectiveness Nutrient Management Influence on: Water Quality Farm Economics Drainage Characteristics Environmental Challenges
Monitoring Equipment
Hwy 90 Design H-2 80 Spacing Optimum Production (Fall N) H-1 S-2 80 Spacing U of M Guidance Spring Applied N 50 Spacing U of M Guidance Spring Applied N S-1 50 Spacing Optimum Production (Fall N)
Watershed Hwy 90 Nutrient Applications 2007 Corn-Corn 2008 Corn-Corn 2009 Soybean 2010 Soybeans-Corn N-2 185-151-39 (variable rate) Fall NH3 No N- Serve 193-151-39 (variable rate) Fall NH3 w/n- Serve None 145-90-90-19 Fall NH3 (100#) Spring AMS/Urea(26#) P & K 90-90 (uniform) N-1 BMP 160-68-2 Spring Urea 160-68-2 Spring Urea None 115-85-0-19 Spring NH3 (75#) Spring AMS/Urea(26#) P&K 85-0 (variable) S-2 BMP 160-68-2 Spring Urea 160-68-2 Spring Urea None 115-75-0-19 Spring NH3 (75#) Spring AMS/Urea(26#) P&K 75-0 (variable) S-1 185-149-39 (variable rate) Fall NH3 No N- Serve 193-149-39 (variable rate) Fall NH3 w/n- Serve None 145-90-90-19 Fall NH3 (100#) Spring AMS/Urea(26#) P & K 90-90 (uniform)
Phosphorous Soil Test Results
South Hwy 90 Drainage Site 9/6/08
+$28/A Fert. Cost $91.00 Fert. Cost $126.00 Corn Value=$3.50/ Bushel Other Costs excluding Fertilizer =$380
Bushels per Acre 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2008 Hwy 90 Yields & Economic Results 157.6 $158 Fert. Costs $122.00 U of M Guidance Spring Applied N +$61 /A 181.7 $219 Fert. Costs $174.00 Optimum Production Variable Rate P & K Fall N Yield Net Corn Value=$4.50/ Bushel Other Costs excluding Fertilizer =$425
Hwy 90 Rainfall 2007 2008 2009 30-yr. Avg. January 0.77 0.38 0.7 February 2.42 0.44 0.6 March 3.32 1.54 0.96 1.8 April 0.91 2.77 1.65 2.5 May 2.38 3.6 1.32 3.5 June 2.82 3.59 3.58 4.3 July 4.84 3.72 2.09 4.1 August 8.32 2.14 1.42 3.9 September 3.7 1.95 0.46 3.1 October 3.76 2.03 4.93 2.1 November 0.09 1.96 1.38 1.4 December 0 1.8 0.43 1 Annual Total 33.33 25.92 18.22 29
(inches of Drainage) Inches of Drainage from Hwy 90 Fields 12 31% BMP 10.32 non-bmp 10 8 6 8.23 5.05 21% 5.75 19% 4 3.54 3.50 2 0 2007 2008 2009
(cfs) 0.18 0.16 0.14 2009 Drainage Hydrograph S1 Flow S2 Flow N1 Flow N2 Flow 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 08-Mar-09 27-Apr-09 16-Jun-09 05-Aug-09 24-Sep-09 13-Nov-09 02-Jan-10
Drainage (inches) 5.0 4.5 4.0 Hwy 90 Watershed Drainage Amounts Drainage (inches) 80 Spacing 3.5 3.0 50 Spacing 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 S1 S2 (BMP) N1 (BMP) N2
(mg/l) 16 14 12 Nitrate-N Concentration in Tile Water Drinking Water BMP non-bmp 14.1 11.1 10.8 Standard for Some Streams 12.5 10 8.6 8 7.3 6 155 # N 185 # N 160 # N 193 # N Soybeans 4 2 0 2007 2008 2009
(mg/l) 16.0 14.0 Drainage (inches) NO3-N 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 50 Spacing 80 Spacing 2.0 0.0 S1 S2 (BMP) N1 (BMP) N2
(mg/l) Nitrate-N Concentrations Hwy 90 & LeSueur River 16 14 Le Sueur River Highway 90 BMP 13.0 Highway 90 Non-BMP Safe Drinking Water Standards 14.1 12.5 12 10 8.6 10.3 11.6 10.9 10.2 11.5 8.9 8.6 10.4 8 6 4 2 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
(lbs/acre) Nitrate-N Leaching Loss from Hwy 90 Tile 25 BMP non-bmp 20 19.4 18.3 15 13.3 12.5 10 155 # N 185 # N 160 # N 193 # N 8.47 9.69 5 Soybeans 0 2007 2008 2009
lbs/acre Nitrate-N Leaching Loss (LeSueur) 35 30 31.4 Le Sueur River Highway 90 BMP Highway 90 Non-BMP 25 20 19.3 19.4 17.9 18.6 19.4 18.3 15 10 13.6 10.2 11.8 13.3 13.4 12.5 8.5 9.7 5 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
(mg/l) 0.18 0.16 Hwy 90 Total Phosphorus FWMC BMP non-bmp 0.17 New Phosphorus Standard for Lakes 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.00 2007 2008 2009
lbs/acre 0.30 Hwy 90 Total Phosphorus Leaching Loss 0.27 0.25 0.23 Only a 0.18 % Loss BMP non-bmp 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 65 # P 150 # P 0.06 65 # P 150 # P 0.04 0.00 2007 2008 2009
lbs/acre LeSueur River & Hwy 90 Total P Loss 2.50 Le Sueur River Highway 90 BMP Highway 90 Non-BMP 2.00 1.91 1.50 1.51 1.20 1.00 0.83 0.69 0.50 0.38 0.31 0.53 0.270.29 0.23 0.10 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Flow (cfs) 2007 Total Phosphorus Sample Results Concentration (mg/l) 0.72 S2 Flow 1.1 0.64 N2 Variable rate (151#Total-P) N1 (68#)Total-P 1 0.56 Elevated levels of total phosphorus lost S2 (68#)Total-P S1 Variable rate(149#total-p) 0.9 0.8 0.48 0.7 0.40 0.6 0.32 0.24 0.16 0.08 Proposed Phosphorus Lake Standard~0.09 mg/l 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.00 0 3/5 3/30 4/24 5/19 6/13 7/8 8/2 8/27 9/21 10/16 11/10 Date
2008 Total Phosphorus Sample Results High total phosphorus losses in spring. Proposed Phosphorus Lake Standard~0.09 mg/l
Nutrient Management Web Site www.mda.state.mn.us/nmi Brian Williams Minnesota Department of Ag 507-665-6806 brian.c.williams@state.mn.us