Grain: World Markets and Trade

Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service tember 218 Grain: World Markets and Trade EU Corn Imports to Rise Even Higher Million Metric Tons 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 Corn Imports (Oct-) USD/ton 28 Corn Prices, fob 26 24 22 2 18 16 14 1/2/218 4/2/218 7/2/218 1/2/218 - Gray shaded area indicates reported forward prices US Corn Black Sea Corn EU Wheat EU corn imports are now forecast to reach another record in based on several factors. First, the supplies of key feed grains are limited in the domestic market. Wheat supplies in the European Union and Black Sea region are very tight (see ust 218 Grain World Markets and Trade), triggering additional demand for alternative feed grains. Shrinking corn acreage, smaller crop forecasts for barley, oats, and rye, as well as reports of damaged pasture in northern Europe due to persistent hot and dry conditions only exacerbate the feed deficit. Second, the magnitude of domestic livestock production will continue to support demand for grain feed. Other than 214/1, when imports plummeted due to a record corn crop and a surge in feedquality wheat supplies, corn imports have been steadily expanding due to domestic demand for feed grains in the livestock sector. The larger availability from adjacent producers, as well as the climbing price advantage, will contribute to the EU's corn usage in feed. Third, corn should continue to be price-competitive 1. Anticipation of a bountiful U.S. corn crop, compounded by price pressure in the U.S. soybean market, is weighing on global corn prices. On the other hand, driven by tight supplies in the and Black Sea, global wheat prices have jumped sharply since late June, reducing the appeal of wheat feeding in the while supporting corn prices. Reported forward prices of wheat and corn in the upcoming months show that feed-quality wheat, as well as feed barley, are not competitive. This indicates price competitiveness of corn is likely to stay throughout, raising EU's usage and imports. With expected growth in the, global corn imports are projected to reach a record in. EU imports are likely to be filled from nearby suppliers such as and Serbia, as well as South America. Despite not having full market access to the due to biotech-related issues, U.S. exports will still benefit from growing global demand. The will continue to be highly competitive, as key competitors such as and struggle with domestic policy issues and tight old-crop supplies. 1 Prices are based on US Yellow Corn (3YC) Gulf Prices. Wheat Prices are based on EU (France) Grade 2 Rouen Prices. Both as reported by the International Grains Council. Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board/USDA For email subscription, click here to register: https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/usdafas/subscriber/new

Table of Contents World Markets and Trade: Commodities and Data Wheat... 3 Rice... 8 Coarse Grains... 11 Selected Data Tables... 13 Endnotes... 38 The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD) database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12: p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:1 p.m. To download the tables in the publication, go to Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online): scroll down to Reports, and Click the plus sign [+] next to Grains. FAS Reports and Databases: Current World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports Archives World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online) Global Agricultural Trade System (U.S. Exports and Imports) Export Sales Report Global Agricultural Information Network (Agricultural Attaché Reports) Other USDA Reports: World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) Economic Research Service National Agricultural Statistics Service Grain: World Market and Trade Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 tember 218

OVERVIEW FOR WHEAT Global wheat production is up this month mainly from larger crops in India and, which more than offset smaller crops for Australia and. Global trade is forecast down as global wheat supplies tighten. Imports are lowered for Indonesia. Exports are forecast lower for Australia and. The U.S. season-average farm price is unchanged at $.1 per bushel. WHEAT PRICES Domestic: U.S. wheat prices for the month of ust were mostly down on the continued weak pace of export sales, spillover weakness from corn and soy markets, as well as mostly favorable conditions for winter wheat planting. Hard Red Winter (HRW) and Soft Red Winter (SRW) were both down $7/ton to $247 and $224, respectively, while Hard Red Spring (HRS) declined $6/ton to $264. On the other hand, Soft White Winter (SWW) rose $1/ton to $23 based on drought conditions in Australia, which is the major competitor for this class of wheat. $/MT U.S. Daily FOB Export Bids 34 32 3 28 26 24 22 2 18 16 Source: IGC HRW SRW SWW HRS Grain: World Market and Trade WHEAT Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 tember 218

Global: Exporter prices were mostly stable at the end of ust, except for Australia and the. Drought in Australia has driven its prices up rapidly, as domestic food and feed demand are prioritized over exports. U.S. export prices are down from ust, narrowing the spread between U.S. wheat and EU and Black Sea wheat. Black Sea prices remained stable and are the most competitive wheat on the international market. Month Ending Australia Black Sea EU US ust $24 $31 $22 $26 $243 $247 July $24 $28 $223 $26 $246 $24 June $23 $23 $198 $22 $29 $23 Month Ending Prices for Major Wheat Exporters Source: IGC Note on FOB prices: - 12.%, up river; Australia- average of APW; Fremantle, Newcastle, and Port Adelaide; Black Seamilling; - CWRS 13.% St. Lawrence; EU- France grade 1, Rouen; US- HRW 11.% Gulf 34 International Daily FOB Export Bids 32 3 28 26 $/MT 24 22 2 18 16 14 Australia Black Sea milling EU Grain: World Market and Trade WHEAT Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 4 tember 218

MARKET FEATURES Australian Wheat Exports Forecast Lowest in a Decade Australian wheat exports are forecast at 14. million tons (July-June trade year), the lowest since 29/1, due to less production from drought-stricken Queensland and New South Wales. Wheat production is forecast at 2. million tons for, which would be the lowest since 27/8. As Australian supplies become tighter, prices have been climbing to levels significantly higher than those of other global exporters. Although weather conditions in South Australia (SA) and Western Australia (WA) have been more favorable, drought in the east has made exports uncompetitive against other origins with domestic use forecast higher. SA and WA have been shipping wheat east to satisfy feed and food demands in the domestic market. The drought has led to early slaughter of animals, as feeding becomes more costly amid tightening supplies. 3 3 2 2 MMT 1 1 29/1 21/11 211/12 212/13 213/14 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 * Production Exports Grain: World Market and Trade WHEAT Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA tember 218

Global Wheat Supplies Tightening and Prices Trending Higher Global Wheat Production and Consumption: Global wheat production is forecast down 3 percent from last year to the lowest level in 4 years. The largest year-to-year reductions are for the and, down by a combined 28 million tons, while U.S. production is forecast higher by nearly 4 million tons. Global consumption is forecast to continue growing and is set to exceed production by 13 million tons in, the largest global shortfall in 6 years. Food, Seed, and Industrial consumption of wheat is projected to continue rising, more than offsetting lower Feed and Residual use. MMT 8 7 7 6 6 Global Consumption Exceeding Production Production Consumption Stocks-to-Use: The tightening of global wheat supplies is even more apparent after accounting for s impact. s stocks have surged for several years in a row and are forecast to account for more than half of global ending stocks this year. s large stocks, which are considered mainly unavailable to the global market, mask the extent to which global supplies are tightening. The stocks/use ratio at the end of for the world less is forecast to be the tightest since 27/8. With prices rising, many exporters are expected to ship much of their available wheat and will have more limited supplies left over at the end of their respective marketing seasons. Likewise, with higher prices, importers are expected to maintain tighter stock levels. Wheat Prices: Wheat prices are already on the upswing in most major exporting countries. The U.S. seasonaverage farm price (SAFP), for instance, is forecast at $.1 per bushel, up $.38 from last year, but remains well below the 1-year average. Relatively low corn prices are expected to ration away some demand for feed wheat, particularly in the, which partially mitigates the effect of historically tight wheat supplies. $/MT 28% 26% 24% 22% 2% 18% 16% 14% 9 8 7 6 4 3 2 1 World (Less ) Stocks-to-Use Tightest in Over a Decade U.S. Wheat Prices Rising Faster than Corn Corn SAFP Wheat SAFP Grain: World Market and Trade WHEAT Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 tember 218

TRADE CHANGES IN (1, MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Australia Exports 16, 14, - Lower production due to drought; as relatively more supplies are kept for domestic feeding, and exports are not price competitive Exports 24, 24, - Smaller crop and reduced feeding European Union Imports, 6, Strong demand for high-quality wheat in light of crop quality issues India Imports 2-3 Larger production Indonesia Imports 11, 1, -1, Lower consumption Iran Imports 1, - Minimal trade in recent months Malaysia Imports 1,8-2 Slower expected trade due to lower 17/18 imports and tighter Australian supplies TRADE CHANGES IN 217/18 (1, MT) Changes based on trade data Country Attribute Previous Current Change Bangladesh Imports 6,4 6,2-2 European Union Imports,6,824 224 European Union Exports 23, 23,277-223 Exports 4 41,41-8 Exports 17, 17,77 27 Vietnam Imports, 4,7-3 Grain: World Market and Trade WHEAT Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 tember 218

RICE OVERVIEW FOR Global rice production is down slightly from the prior year s record and is lowered this month on a smaller crop in. Global consumption is forecast slightly higher, particularly for India. Ending stocks are raised from last month, but theless show a year-to-year decline. Global trade is raised slightly with higher imports forecast for Venezuela and the Philippines. OVERVIEW FOR 217/18 Global rice production and consumption are adjusted higher this month on larger supplies in India. Global ending stocks are raised, primarily for India. Global trade is nearly unchanged as larger exports for India and Uruguay more than offset smaller exports for Burma. RICE PRICES Global: U.S. FOB export quotes for long-grain milled rice (bagged) have finally dampened to $/ton on the ongoing harvest and generally favorable production prospects. The quotes remain slightly above South American suppliers such as Uruguay, still quoted around $2/ton. Meanwhile, nearly all the major Asian exporters are quoting slightly below $4/ton on tough competition and abundant supplies. 6 6 Weekly FOB Export Quotes: Last 12 Months $/MT 4 4 3 Thailand Vietnam India Pakistan Uruguay *Note on FOB prices: - #2/4 (long grain), Uruguay - %, Thailand - B, India - %, Vietnam - %, Pakistan % Grain: World Market and Trade RICE Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 tember 218

MARKET FEATURE Venezuela 218 Rice Purchases Up, Mostly Sourced from In the first seven months of 218, Venezuela has imported more rice than all of 217. Purchases were particularly large ahead of the May 218 elections. The suppliers to Venezuela are markedly different than they were in past years. Typically, the has been the largest supplier of paddy rice. Given the tight 217/18 supplies, U.S. prices were significantly higher in the first part of 218, allowing South American paddy suppliers such as and Uruguay to make significant gains in market share. was the primary supplier for the first portion of the year as its paddy prices have been significantly lower amid ample supplies. The strong shipments to Venezuela have been one factor enabling to soar to its highest exports in 6 years. Likewise, Uruguay has benefitted from large exports to Venezuela, primarily in paddy form, now its third-largest market. Venezuelan milled rice imports have been mainly from Mexico. Looking ahead to the remainder of the year, the is expected to regain competitiveness in Venezuela and began shipping new-crop paddy rice in ust. Given the continuing macroeconomic challenges and hyperinflation of around one million percent, the pace of imports is expected to slow somewhat in the coming months. Annual imports are expected to reach, tons in 218. Venezuela Rice Imports on a Milled Equivalent Basis TMT 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 216 217 218 Forecast -Dec 218 Other Mexico Uruguay Grain: World Market and Trade RICE Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 tember 218

TRADE CHANGES IN 219 (1, MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Cote d'ivoire Imports 1,6 1,4-2 Reduced estimates for consumption Philippines Imports 1, 1,2 Reduced crop estimate Venezuela Imports 3 4 Expected continued paddy purchases Burma Exports 3, 3,2-3 Higher domestic support price India Exports 12, 13, Larger exportable supplies TRADE CHANGES IN 218 (1, MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Bangladesh Imports 1,2 2 Trade to date Cote d'ivoire Imports 1, - Reduced estimates for consumption Burma Exports 3,3 3, -2 Uncompetitive export prices India Exports 12,8 13, 2 Larger exportable supplies Grain: World Market and Trade RICE Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 1 tember 218

COARSE GRAINS OVERVIEW FOR Global corn production is up this month with larger crops for Angola,, and the more than offsetting reductions for and South Africa. Global trade is at a record, driven by stronger imports for the and higher exports for Serbia,, and the. The U.S. season-average farm price is lowered to $3. per bushel, reflecting record yield. OVERVIEW FOR 217/18 Global corn production is marginally raised as larger crops primarily for India and Mozambique more than offset a reduction for and. Global trade is higher, driven by the and Chile. U.S. exports are raised on continued strong sales and shipments. The U.S. season-average farm price is unchanged at $3.4 per bushel. CORN PRICES Global: Corn prices have fallen since the previous WASDE. Both Argentine and ian bids were down $13/ton and $1/ton to $162 and $17, respectively, on uncertainties in domestic policy developments. Black Sea bids were down $1/ton to $179 reflecting ample supplies in. U.S. bids were down $/ton to $16 on favorable crop prospects and despite strong sales and shipments. 22 Corn Daily FOB Export Bids 21 2 19 $/MT 18 17 16 1 14 9/4/217 1/4/217 11/3/217 12//217 1/4/218 2//218 3/7/218 4/6/218 /8/218 6/7/218 7/9/218 8/8/218 9/7/218 - Maize - Maize US - Maize Black Sea - Maize Grain: World Market and Trade Coarse Grains Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 tember 218

TRADE CHANGES IN (1, MT) Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Corn Exports 9, 61, Ample supplies and competitive prices Algeria Corn Imports 4,8 4,4-4 Lower trade/use estimate for 217/18 Australia Barley Exports 6,,8-7 Lower crop Corn Exports 27, 2, - Expectations of a slower pace in light of uncertainties related to the minimum freight rate requirement Barley Exports 6,, - Lower crop European Corn Imports 18, 19, 1, Union Strong feed grain demand and Sorghum Imports 2 8 6 substitution for feed wheat and barley Guatemala Corn Imports 1, 1,2 2 Smaller crop Iran Barley Imports 3, 3,3 3 More exportable supplies in Japan Corn Imports 14, 1, Sorghum Imports 1,2 6-6 Relative price competitiveness of corn Kazakhstan Barley Exports 6 Larger crop Paraguay Corn Exports 2,2 2 Larger crop Barley Exports 4,8,3 Greater exportable supplies Saudi Arabia Barley Imports 8, 7,6-4 Tighter global exportable supplies Corn Imports,2, -2 Lower exports from South America Serbia Corn Exports 2,2 2, 3 Larger crop, strong regional demand South Africa Corn Exports 2, 1,9-2 Lower crop Barley Exports 4, 4,3-2 Smaller crop Corn Exports 24, 2, Strong regional demand TRADE CHANGES IN 217/18 (1, MT) Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Corn Exports 6 62, Higher exports in July and inspections data for ust Algeria Corn Imports 4,4 4,2-2 Slow pace Corn Exports 24, 23, - Slow pace Chile Corn Imports 1,7 1,9 2 Trade pace European Union Barley Exports,7,9 2 Trade pace Corn Exports 1,7-3 Stronger demand for feed grains Corn Imports 17, 18, 1, India Corn Exports 6 8 2 Trade pace Iran Barley Imports 3, 3,2 2 Trade pace Barley Exports,6,8 2 Trade pace Grain: World Market and Trade Coarse Grains Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 tember 218

All Grain Summary Comparison Million Metric Tons Wheat Rice, Milled Corn Marketing Year 216/17 217/18 216/17 217/18 216/17 217/18 Production (Jun-May) 62.8 47.4 1.1 7.1.7 7. 384.8 371. 376.6 Other 689.3 71.9 681.9 479.8 48.9 48.2 693.8 662.6 692.4 72.1 78.3 733. 486.9 491.6 487.2 1,78.6 1,33.6 1,69. Domestic Consumption (Jun-May) 31.9 29.3 31.4 4.2 4.3 4.2 313.8 317.8 322.7 Other 73.1 79.9 712.4 472.6 478.4 481.4 722.4 7.9 77.7 73. 739.2 743.8 476.8 482.7 48.6 1,36.2 1,68.7 1,98.4 Ending Stocks (Jun-May) 32.1 29.9 2.4 1..9 1.4 8.3.9 4.1 Other 22. 244. 23.9 13. 144.7 143. 169. 143.2 111.9 27.1 274.4 261.3 137. 14.6 144.4 227.8 194.1 17. TY Imports (Jun-May) 3.3 4.4 3.7.8.9.9 1. 1.1 1.3 Other 17.8 174.4 17.4 44.4 4.2 4.8 137.8 147.1 12.7 179.1 178.8 179.1 4.2 46.1 46.7 139.3 148.2 14. TY Exports (Jun-May) 29.3 23.1 29. 3.3 3. 3.2.6 62. 61. Other 13. 19.6 12.8 44.8 4.9 46. 86.1 87.2 96.8 182.3 182.7 181.8 48.1 48.9 49.7 141.7 149.7 17.8 Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and exports and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere.marketing years for U.S. grains are: Wheat (Jun-May), Rice (-Jul), Corn (-).'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat only. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 tember 218

World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade July/June Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 4,2 8,7 12,27 13,7 13, 13, Australia 16,7 1,78 22,61 1,12 16, 14, 24,883 22,118 2,23 21,989 24, 24, 83 729 748 1, 1,2 1,2 3,4 34,763 27,426 23,277 23, 23, Kazakhstan,7 7,6 7,2 8, 8, 8, 22,8 2,43 27,89 41,41 3, 3, Serbia 93 97 1,77 834 1, 1, Turkey 4,13,6 6,177 6,218 6, 6, 11,269 17,431 18,17 17,77 16, 16, 12,72 11,12 9,766 9,49 9,73 9,98 138,922 1,346 12,931 19,8 1,273 12,798 23,23 21,817 29,319 23,67 29, 29, 161,94 172,163 182,2 182,62 184,273 181,798 TY Imports Afghanistan 2,7 2,7 2,6 3, 3, Algeria 7,27 8,13 8,414 8,172 7,2 7,2 Bangladesh 3,929 4,72,6 6,2 7, 7,,869,922 7,788 6,72 7, 7, 1,926 3,476 4,41 4, 4, 4, Colombia 1,627 2,32 2,11 1,97 Egypt 1 11,92 11,17 12,47 12, 12,,979 6,928,299,824, 6, Indonesia 7,477 1,4 1,176 1,16 11, 1, Iraq 2,23 2,218 2,446 4,18 3,6 3, Japan,878,71,911,876,8,8 Kenya 1,7 1,634 1,774 2,14 2, Korea, South 3,942 4,42 4,667 4,269 4, 4, Mexico 4,471 4,8,37,24,6,6 Morocco 4,86 4,3,191 3,64 3, 3, Nigeria 4,244 4,41 4,972,2,4,4 Peru 1,922 1,879 1,961 2,3 2, 2, Philippines,4 4,918,74,986,8,8 Saudi Arabia 3,499 2,931 3,716 3,44 3,4 3,4 Sudan 2,632 2,21 2,48 2,78 2,6 2,6 Thailand 3,492 4,872 3,689 3,2 3,3 3,3 Turkey,96 4,4 4,42 6,4 4, 4, Uzbekistan 2,23 2,662 2,7 3, 3,2 3,2 Vietnam 2,292 3,7,46 4,7 4,8 4,8 Yemen 3,24 3,332 3,278 3,1 3, 3,,76 1,927 4,287 1,14 4,6 2,691 14,827 16,623 17,84 174,464 178,6 17,441 Unaccounted 3,129 3,483 3,116 3,83 2,67 2,67 3,989 3,7 3,294 4,38 3,7 3,7 161,94 172,163 182,2 182,62 184,273 181,798 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 14 tember 218

World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 19, 19, 18, 18,4 1 13,93 2, 2 2 31,819 22,27 23,743 Australia 31, 32, 29,984 32,14 27,647 29,442 128, 128, 129,77 128,84 13,19 126,28 8,4 8,4 8,4 8, 8, 8,3 Egypt 137, 137, 11,681 14,369 16,48 16,912 99,7 97, 98,1 87, 86,3 9,8 India 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 13, Iran 1, 14, 14,82 14,98 13,748 12,996 Kazakhstan 8,2 8,2 7,92 2,731 8,64,116 Morocco 26,3 26,3 26,674 2,633 2,86 2,979 Pakistan 71, 68, 84,992 72,29 61,44 9,8 19, 19, 21, 17,2 19, 1,2 Turkey 2, 2, 26,981 26,791 27,274 24,7 6, 6, 6,9 6,94 7,2 7,1 Uzbekistan 1,77 1,6,767 6,219 6,911,49 681,92 678, 71,93 689,21 679,849 673,11 1,78 1,78 47,371 62,833 6,117,147 732,998 729,628 78,274 72,84 73,966 728,262 Total Consumption 1,6 1,6 1,4 1,3 1,2 1, Algeria 12, 12, 1 12,2 11, 1,7 9, 9,4 9,16 1,83 7,969 9,118 12 12 117, 118, 11 116, 2, 2, 19,8 19,4 19,2 19, Egypt 12, 124, 13,4 128, 129,8 124,677 98, 98, 9,834 97,12 88,1 93,12 India 1,6 11, 1,6 1, 9, 7,36 Indonesia 17, 17, 16,9 16,7 16,6 16,4 Iran 1,6 1,6 1,4 1,2 9,8 9, Morocco 2,3 2,3 2, 24, 24,4 24, Pakistan 4, 38, 44, 4, 37, 3, 18, 18, 18, 17,4 18, 17, Turkey 9,2 9,2 9,8 1,3 12,2 11, 9,7 9,7 9,7 9,3 9,3 8,9 Uzbekistan 174,628 17,98 17,837 168,279 16,872 14,127 714,77 712,387 711,69 77,34 679,6 672,784 31,33 31,33 29,317 31,864 31,944 31,328 746,6 743,74 741,7 739,24 711,9 74,112 Ending Stocks,13,6 6,18 6,86,178 7,11 136,119 136,119 126,819 111,49 97,42 76,1 1,62 1,11 14,62 1,734 1,492 12,697 14,63 12,33 13,23 9,8 14,4 17,22 India,43,43 4,83 4,44 6,86 4,281 Morocco 4,64 4,64 4,83 4,31 3,81 3,71 Pakistan 6,872 4,822 1,872 1,83,67 6,287 3,17,13 63,92 66,794 69,127 71,374 23,846 233,11 244,411 224,98 217,67 198,77 2,448 2,448 29,94 32,131 26,2 2,477 261,294 28,99 274,36 27,89 244,29 219,22 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 1 tember 218

Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 9,4 8,373 9,167 1,48 9,7 9,7 Central America 1,834 1,834 1,993 1,98 2, 1,98 South America 13,217 13,437 16,277 1,319 16,41 16,33-28,979 6,928,299,824, 6, Other Europe 1,76 1,838 1,986 1,873 1,92 1,92 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,678 7,42 7,338 8,242 8,91 8,71 Middle East 26,928 24,499 22,773 2,42 24, 23,44 North Africa 2,43 27,873 28,273 27,43 2,9 2,9 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,97 22,817 22,186 2,16 26,1 2,82 East Asia 14,114 16,226 17,3 16,4 16,93 16,8 South Asia 8,164 8,823 1,469 1,823 12,191 11,891 Southeast Asia 2,76 2,483 27,761 26,89 28,3 27,1 3,22 3,147 3,27 3,43 3,3 3,43 Total 18,816 168,68 179,134 178,822 181,76 179,141 Production North America 88,29 87,47 98,836 8,89 86,378 8,378 South America 24,87 21,61 28,819 2,197 27,44 27,44-28 16,912 16,48 14,369 11,681 137, 137, Other Europe 4,88 4,39 4,749 4,39,3,3 Former Soviet Union - 12 112,38 117,92 13,87 142,216 122,4 126,4 Middle East 3,414 42,4 38,791 41,2 39,86 39,86 North Africa 17,29 19,976 14,81 19,246 21, 21, Sub-Saharan Africa 7,37 7,694 7,748 7,491 7,69 7,699 East Asia 127,724 131,23 13,38 131,76 129,31 129,3 South Asia 13,1 119,663 12,837 133,99 13,291 132,991 Oceania 24,17 22,689 32,278 21,79 22,46 2,46 187 199 181 136 131 131 Total 728,262 73,966 72,84 78,274 729,628 732,998 Domestic Consumption North America 47,296 46,913,67 46,173 48,43 48,3 South America 27,6 27,71 28,64 28,843 29, 29,44-28 124,677 129,8 128, 13,4 124, 12, Other Europe 4,87 4,94,4,3,19,19 Former Soviet Union - 12 74,98 77,7 78,6 82,8 76,64 79,34 Middle East 7,24 8,887 9,61 6,492 6,71 6,73 North Africa 42,726 43,666 44, 4,12 4,9 4,9 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,73 29,1 29,769 32,1 33,74 32,924 East Asia 129,97 12,282 132,41 13,323 13,217 13,227 South Asia 132,399 128,91 139,22 139, 141,967 141,967 Southeast Asia 19,29 23,131 26,37 26,33 27,26 27,6 Oceania 8,6 8, 8,83 8,7 9,7 9, 3,74 3,82 3,834 3,812 4, 3,88 Total 699,367 78,186 734,966 739,194 741,1 743,781 Ending Stocks North America 28,29 32,39 39,861 36,91 3,924 31,4 South America 8,37 3,989 4,723 4,66 3,11 3,14-28 12,697 1,492 1,734 14,62 1,11 1,62 Other Europe 1,321 1,76 1,99 1,817 2,1 1,92 Former Soviet Union - 12 2,67 16,791 21,14 19,948 12,3 14,333 Middle East 2,38 22,14 18,617 17,968 14,282 13,3 North Africa 13,216 16,628 13,89 14,63 14,993 1,4 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,979 3,794 3, 3,7 2,836 2,71 East Asia 79,217,44 114,27 129,776 139,342 138,87 South Asia 23,19 21,26 16,66 2,16 19,137 21,231 Southeast Asia 3,921,413,87,39,76 4,43 Oceania 4,974 4,134,989,737 3,3 4,332 44 418 438 38 43 366 Total 219,22 244,29 27,89 274,36 28,99 261,294 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 tember 218

World Rice Trade January/December Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 31 27 392 3 4 4 Australia 323 16 187 27 27 27 89 641 94 9 7 7 Burma 1,73 3,3 3, 3, 3,2 Cambodia 1,1 1, 1,1 1,2 262 368 1,173 1,6 1,8 1,8 21 27 369 3 3 3 Guyana 486 431 4 48 48 India 11,46 1,4 12,6 13, 12, 13, Pakistan 4, 4, 3,642 4,3 4,3 4,3 Paraguay 371 7 6 6 6 163 198 17 16 16 16 Thailand 9,779 9,867 11,61 1, 11, 11, Uruguay 718 996 1,1 9 8 8 Vietnam 6,66,88 6,488 7, 7, 7, 1,238 1,29 1,22 1,14 1,34 1,34 39,333 36,87 44,723 4,9 46,249 46,19 3,381 3,3 3,349 2,9 3,2 3,2 42,714 4,162 48,72 48,9 49,449 49,719 TY Imports Bangladesh 98 3 2,348 1, 1, Benin 4 4 2 6 6 363 786 74 6 7 6 Burkina 3 42 6 6 Cameroon 6 6 7 7,1 4,6,9,,, Cote d'ivoire 1,1 1,3 1,6 1,4 1,786 1,816 1,98 1,9 Ghana 8 7 6 7 68 68 Guinea 42 6 7 77 8 8 Indonesia 1,3 1, 3 1,2 1,2 Iran 1, 1, Iraq 1, 93 1,6 1,1 1,2 1,2 Japan 688 68 679 68 68 68 Kenya 4 67 7 7 7 Malaysia 1,1 823 9 9 1, 1, Mexico 719 731 91 8 88 88 Mozambique 7 62 71 72 7 7 Nepal 3 3 34 6 6 6 Nigeria 2, 2, 2, 2,6 3, 3, Philippines 8 1,2 1, 1,2 Saudi Arabia 1,61 1,26 1,19 1,2 Senegal 99 98 1, 1,1 1,2 1,2 South Africa 912 94 1,4 1, 1, 1, United Arab Emirates 8 67 7 82 9 9 12,24 11,894 13,972 14,29 14,47 14,2 39,383 36,889 44,41 4,239 4,92 4,82 Unaccounted 2,74 2,6 2,884 2,811 2,674 3,44 77 767 787 8 8 8 42,714 4,162 48,72 48,9 49,449 49,719 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Note about dates: 217/18 is calendar year 218, 216/17 is calendar year 217, and so on. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 tember 218

World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Milled Production Bangladesh 34, 34, 34,78 32,6 34,7 34,4 8,46 7,21 8,383 8,28 8,24 8,24 Burma 12,6 12,16 12,6 13,2 13,4 13,4 Cambodia 4,92 4,931,26,399,, 144,6 14,77 144,93 14,989 142,2 14,8 India 1,482 14,48 19,698 112,91 19, 11, Indonesia 3,6 36,2 36,88 37, 37,3 37,3 Japan 8,79 7,876 7,929 7,787 7,6 7,79 Korea, South 4,241 4,327 4,197 3,972 3,73 3,73 Nepal 3,19 2,863 3,48 3,31 3,33 3,33 Nigeria 3,782 3,941 3,78 3,78 3,78 3,78 Pakistan 7,3 6,82 6,849 7, 7,4 7,4 Philippines 11,914 11,8 11,686 12,23 12,3 12,3 Thailand 18,7 1,8 19,2 2,37 21,2 21,2 Vietnam 28,166 27,84 27,4 28,943 29,69 29,69 41,3 41,937 42,878 42,66 42,287 42,168 472,77 467,317 479,77 48,913 48,87 48,191 7,16 6,133 7,117,69 6,69 6,969 479,876 473,4 486,892 491,72 487,6 487,16 Consumption and Residual Bangladesh 3, 3, 3, 3,2 3,6 3, 7,92 7,9 8, 8,2 8, 8, Burma 1, 1,4 1, 1, 9,9 1, Cambodia 3,9 3,9 4, 4, 4,2 4,2 14,334 14,799 141,448 142,7 144, 143, Egypt 4, 3,9 4,3 4,4 4,4 4,4 India 98,244 93,68 9,776 98,66 98, 99, Indonesia 38,3 37,8 37,8 38, 38,2 38,2 Japan 8,83 8,86 8,649 8,61 8,4 8,9 Korea, South 4,197 4,212 4,61 4,87 4,47 4,47 Nepal 3,77 3,33 4,1 3,91 3,93 3,93 Nigeria 6, 6,4 6, 6,7 6,9 6,9 Philippines 13, 12,9 12,9 13,1 13,4 13,3 Thailand 1, 9, 1 11,17 1,2 1,2 Vietnam 2 22, 2 22, 22,4 22,4 61,47 62,369 6,471 66,88 69,1 68,66 469,688 46,37 478,479 478,66 483,6 484,17 4,284 3,8 4,23 4,279 4,19 4,223 473,972 468,617 482,79 482,944 487,89 488,393 Ending Stocks Bangladesh 1,92 1,2 84 1, 1,6 1,6 69, 78, 86, 93,989 9,989 9,89 India 17,8 18,4 2, 2 18,9 2, Indonesia 4,111 3,9 2,91 3,913 4,211 4,211 Japan 2,821 2,2 2,491 2,262 2,97 2,97 Philippines 2,49 2,117 2,3 2,388 2,43 2,38 Thailand 11,27 8,43 4,238 3,188 3,438 3,438 17,433 16,66 1,991 1,49 13,1 14,2 126,436 131,346 13,42 144,699 142,189 142,97 1,2 1,47 1,462 933 1,38 1,424 127,988 132,821 137,4 14,632 143,74 144,399 Note: All data are reported on a milled basis. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 tember 218

Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 1,838 1,84 2,61 2,7 2,11 2,11 Caribbean 1,14 1,19 1,13 1,18 1,26 1,26 South America 1,686 2,1 1,888 1,99 1,78 1,83 Other Europe 128 138 124 13 13 13 Former Soviet Union - 12 72 42 39 8 61 61 Middle East 6,464,683 6,39 6, 6,88 6,88 North Africa 396 483 49 49 8 8 Sub-Saharan Africa 11,313 12,179 14,619 1,8 16,18 1,93 East Asia 6,686 6,97 7,18 7,14 7,14 7,14 South Asia 1,693 94 4,6 2,8 2,47 2,47 Southeast Asia,677 3,933 3,676,4 4,46 4,6 1,786 1,816 1,98 1,9 Total 4,14 37,66 4,188 46,94 46,77 46,67 Production North America 7,28 6,289 7,292,842 6,873 7,147 Caribbean 979 86 974 1,28 1,18 1,19 South America 16,664 1,633 16,673 16,92 16,46 16,34-28 1,94 2, 2,78 2,37 2,4 2,4 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,18 1,27 1,29 1,22 1,27 1,187 Middle East 2,24 2,392 2,284 2,446 2,283 2,283 North Africa 4,3 4,44 4,837 4,34 3,342 3,342 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,246 16,114 16,4 16,263 16,879 16,899 East Asia 19,716 16,369 19,897 16,49 16,268 1,8 South Asia 13,29 12,213 16,964 18,943 17,386 18,86 Southeast Asia 11,91 111,49 116,821 12,968 122,69 122,64 Total 479,876 473,4 486,892 491,72 487,6 487,16 Domestic Consumption North America,17 4,87,499,61,471,3 Central America 1,196 1,261 1,291 1,276 1,34 1,34 Caribbean 2,29 1,97 2,64 2,8 2,218 2,218 South America 14,89 14,937 14,936 1,22 1,229 1,29-28 3,4 3, 3,6 3,6 3,68 3,68 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,3 1,498 1,1 1,9 1,639 1,619 Middle East 9, 8,449 8,788 8,99 9,13 9,13 North Africa 4,47 4,279 4,724 4,88 4,892 4,892 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,17 28,166 3,266 31,28 32,67 32,41 East Asia 16,63 16,623 17,976 19,374 16, 19,79 South Asia 143,183 138,767 141,637 144,9 144,68 14,43 Southeast Asia 12,642 11,77 13,89 13,746 13,81 13,731 Total 471,891 466,637 476,78 482,728 48,21 48,624 Ending Stocks North America 1,717 1,62 1,634 1,123 1,63 1,642 Central America 219 287 273 263 277 277 Caribbean 223 231 284 337 377 378 South America 2,211 1,64 1,78 1,93 1,73 1,629-28 1,11 1,183 1,183 1,11 1,84 1,84 Middle East 1,742 1,214 1,133 1,34 1,7 1,7 North Africa 924 924 1,426 1,326 66 66 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,342 2,822 2,766 2,61 2,3 2,63 East Asia 73,483 83,126 91,11 97,877 99,332 98,432 South Asia 21,31 21,76 23,22 2,241 22,23 23,172 Southeast Asia 21,3 17,98 11,826 12,426 13,8 13,293 Oceania 223 77 28 177 112 112 Total 127,988 132,821 137,4 14,632 143,74 144,399 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 tember 218

World Coarse Grain Trade October/tember Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 21,3 2,291 26,1 26, 3,3 3,3 Australia 7,286 6,389 1,28 7,42 8,37 7,77 21,94 3,41 19,797 24,1 27,1 2,1 3,64 4,693,36,8,42,42 1,68 1,979 8,192 7,87 7,9 7,4 Kazakhstan 8 81 89 1,36 1,46 2,6 Paraguay 3,31 2,663 1,767 2, 2,1 2,21 9,1 8,46 9,28 11,2 8,84 9,34 Serbia 3,1 1,93 2,447 8 2,2 2,8 24,28 21,47 26,868 23,3 29,16 29,46 8,633 7,939 9,21 9,89 9, 8,82 117,41 12,73 119,838 12,172 131,8 13,4 6,419 9,23 61,788 67,86 63,63 6,63 173,87 184,96 181,626 188,37 19,43 196,8 TY Imports Algeria 4,863,224 4,49 4,77,32 4,92 Bangladesh 48 1,36 1,181 1, 1,23 2,123 3,177 1,41 1, 1,6 Chile 1,77 1,721 1,8 1,99 2,13 2,13 2,699 17,499 16, 17, 16,9 16,9 Colombia 4,747 4,824,7,33,3,3 Dominican Republic 1,22 1,31 1,294 Egypt 7,938 8,79 8,79 9,42 9,72 9,72 9,48 14,274 1,683 18,989 18,8 2,9 Iran 8, 8,3 1, 11,2 11, 11,8 Israel 1,61 1, 1,916 1,84 1,68 1,68 Japan 16,726 17,7 16,999 17,7 16,87 16,77 Jordan 1,448 1,713 1,88 1,73 Korea, South 1,274 1,213 9,319 9,99 1,39 1,39 Libya 1,68 1,9 1,763 Malaysia 3,243 4,122 3,31 3, 4, 4, Mexico 11,64 14,881 1,238 16,46 18,31 18,31 Morocco 2,217 3,182 2,7 3,72 2,92 2,92 Peru 2,863 3,83 3,438 3,41 3,6 3,6 Saudi Arabia 11,11 13,992 11,82 11,8 13,21 12,61 Taiwan 3,938 4,781 4,267 4,21 4, 4, Tunisia 1,2 1,713 1,74 1,71 1,7 1,7 Turkey 2,719 713 1,712 3,2 2,3 2,3 Venezuela 2,433 1,738 1,24 1,6 1,6 1,6 Vietnam 6,72 8,679 8,661 9,29 9,62 9,62 2,869 21,892 21,41 19,441 18,938 18,948 166,12 176,329 174,449 182,28 186,81 188,22 Unaccounted 4,4 4,6 3,763 2,44,12 4,36 3,29 3,981 3,414 3,1 3, 3, 173,87 184,96 181,626 188,37 19,43 196,8 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 tember 218

World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 36,782 38,439 48,69 39,331 48,83 48,83 Australia 12,6 12,44 17,266 11,98 12,346 11,6 87,671 68,649 11,7 84,792 97,48 97,48 22,17 2,769 26,623 26,238 27,2 27,2 222,4 231,487 226,867 223,391 232,8 232,8 Ethiopia 14,442 1,149 1,94 13,96 14,18 14,18 17,67 12,66 12,9 12,971 1,428 148,628 India 43,76 38,71 43,47 46,97 43,89 43,87 Indonesia 9, 1, 1,9 1 11,9 11,9 Mexico 32,689 32,378 33,263 32,11 31,89 31,69 Nigeria 18,341 19,2 19,111 19, 19,3 19,3 4,386 37,427 4,76 41,712 3,97 36,47 South Africa 11,79 8,68 18,117 14,27 14,8 13,98 Turkey 9,311 14,181 1,776 12,971 13,1 13,41 39,389 33,387 39,217 34,71 4,9 39,69 164,81 16,834 162,7 16,2 163,686 16,938 934,34 89,82 967,318 93,796 97,467 96,399 377,234 367,9 42,612 384,2 384,66 39,793 1,311,768 1,262,829 1,369,93 1,31,1 1,342,132 1,347,192 Domestic Consumption 14,232 14,221 16,44 16,424 16,3 16,93 6,9 9,823 64,32 67,961 7,42 7,42 21,293 2,9 21,977 23,38 23,3 22,73 228,79 238,79 22,948 262,8 27,43 27,43 Egypt 14,832 1,83 16,27 16,779 16,978 16,978 Ethiopia 13,68 1,21 1,142 14,13 14,8 14,8 162,92 17,12 16,84 162,67 164,32 16,62 India 4,474 4,21 42,62 44,92 44,72 4,92 Iran 12,2 14,2 13,82 1,32 1,82 16,12 Japan 16,876 17,28 17,21 17,3 17,414 17,214 Mexico 42,17 44,71 46,84 48,31,84,84 Nigeria 18,132 18,99 19,46 19,2 19, 19, 31,139 29,71 32,7 31,11 27,82 27,82 Saudi Arabia 11,9 14,7 13,61 13,19 13,87 13,47 Turkey 12,91 14,21 12,891 1,131 1,711 1,861 248,334 248,717 26,964 28,627 29,971 29,467 96,479 946,238 1,28,346 1,2,924 1,48,974 1,1,448 311,339 312,99 327,23 327,71 332,73 334,1 1,276,818 1,28,837 1,3,869 1,33,634 1,381,727 1,38,999 Ending Stocks 4,274 3,268 6,698 3, 6,616,1 8,23 7,1 14,492 1,864 1,42 1,842 3,13 4,971,62 4,18 3,993 3,998 11,917 112,86 11,949 8,18 9,38 9,38 18,88 1,23 1,17 16,74 12,82 13,82 Mexico 4,832,889 6,9,364 3,224 3,24 3,291 3,171 2,997 2,719 2,781 2,34 2,19 48,47 47,16 4,43 37,292 38,91 197,137 199,96 199,97 168,767 136,63 13,831 46,948 48,112 62,168 4,788 46,473 48,917 244,8 248,77 262,138 223, 183,18 184,748 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 tember 218

Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 16,648 19,962 19,43 21,141 22,42 22,42 Central America 3,46 3,938 3,799 4, 4, 4,2 Caribbean 2,444 2,97 2,69 2,84 2,84 2,84 South America 13,3 13,8 1,3 14,66 1,14 1,24-28 9,48 14,274 1,683 18,989 18,8 2,9 Former Soviet Union - 12 74 1 831 77 72 68 Middle East 27,68 29,73 3,17 32,679 33,26 32,626 North Africa 18,228 2,819 19,337 2,29 2,947 2,47 Sub-Saharan Africa 4,83 6,7 6,689 3,891 4,221 4,171 East Asia 6,684 49,97 46,733 48,32 48,31 48,21 Southeast Asia 14,786 1,89 14,167 14,97 1,7 1,7 1,97 3,3 2,96 3,13 4,76 4,76 Total 169,41 18,31 177,863 18,633 19,31 191,72 Production North America 432,3 42,16 462,498 443,4 444,8 449,8 South America 139,744 122,16 163,18 137,86 16,673 161,248-28 17,67 12,66 12,9 12,971 1,428 148,628 Other Europe 1,927 9,271 11,41 7,188 1,76 1,311 Former Soviet Union - 12 91,963 82,74 92,737 88,798 89,668 9,8 Middle East 17,36 21,6 18,83 2,82 19,89 2,22 North Africa 1,927 12,289 9,263 11,177 12,32 12,32 Sub-Saharan Africa 19,74 12,96 116,918 11,127 19,36 19,842 East Asia 22,8 234,219 229,7 226,6 23,24 23,24 South Asia 4,649,66 6,63 6,88 8,179 8,19 Southeast Asia 3,949 31,988 34,6 34,18 34,243 34,243 Oceania 13,283 13,236 17,883 12,388 12,978 12,138 4,76 4,392 4,927 4,938 4,996 4,776 Total 1,311,768 1,262,829 1,369,93 1,31,1 1,342,132 1,347,192 Domestic Consumption North America 374,87 378,214 396,34 399,8 46,628 48,126 South America 98,737 98,462 13,17 19,46 112,336 112,726-28 162,92 17,12 16,84 162,67 164,32 16,62 Other Europe 8,347 8,2 9,2 7,81 8,277 8,277 Former Soviet Union - 12 8,467 3,74 6,364 4,284,983,773 Middle East 4,6 1,6,391 3,166 3,911 3,791 North Africa 3,168 32,142 3,943 31,636 32,713 32,213 Sub-Saharan Africa 19,473 18,14 11,642 114,376 113,37 113,936 East Asia 262,489 273,166 286,376 296,18 3,112 34,912 South Asia 2,617 3,832 6,99 6,823 61,4 62,74 Southeast Asia 41,23 44,41 4,978 46,96 47,48 47,48 Oceania,846 6,429 6,79,86,261,81 1,34 1,897 11,328 11,726 11,936 11,936 Total 1,26,692 1,276,188 1,33,7 1,33,97 1,373,877 1,377,621 Ending Stocks North America,293 8,972 73,739 64,67 3,69,939 South America 1,928 13,618 24,47 17,137 19,763 18,974-28 18,88 1,23 1,17 16,74 12,82 13,82 Other Europe 1,12 963 1,631 792 1,244 1,26 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,926 6,316 6,924,918,24 4,93 Middle East 8,999 9,2,912 6,232 4,833,97 North Africa,412,83 3,783 3,47 3,622 3,813 Sub-Saharan Africa 12,434 1,242 12,448 13, 1,69 1,112 East Asia 1,819 116,44 16,16 84,333 62,98 63,8 South Asia,328 3,129 4,112,687 3,688 3,687 Southeast Asia 4,171,7 3,89 2,818 2,82 2,716 Oceania 1,66 1,618 2,777 1,736 1,249 1,198 1,123 1,141 1,198 1,21 1,98 1,66 Total 244,8 248,77 262,138 223, 183,18 184,748 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 22 tember 218

World Corn Trade October/tember Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 18,448 21,679 22,91 23, 27, 27, 21,99 3,382 19,794 24, 27, 2, 39 1,767 1,38 1,7 1, 1,4 4,27 1,93 2,189 1,7 1, 1, Mexico 784 1,9 1,39 1, 1, Paraguay 3,12 2,662 1,77 2,2 3,213 4,691,89,3 4, 4, Serbia 2,964 1,6 2,414 8 2,2 2, South Africa 746 79 1,816 2, 2, 1,9 19,661 16,9 21,334 18, 24, 2, 6,4,22,186,73 4,68 4,7 81,9 93,832 86,17 87,18 98,3 96,7 46,831 1,98,93 62, 9, 61, 128,39 144,93 141,7 149,68 17,3 17,7 TY Imports Algeria 4,116 4,329 3,91 4,2 4,8 4,4 Bangladesh 48 1,36 1,181 1, 34 1,66 2,439 9 9 1, Chile 1,16 1,39 1,484 1,9,16 3,174 2,464 4,,, Colombia 4,496 4,48 4,748,,2,2 Cuba 886 83 964 1, 1, 1, Dominican Republic 1,22 1,31 1,294 Egypt 7,839 8,722 8,773 9,4 9,7 9,7 8,98 13,792 1,23 18, 18, 19, Guatemala 881 1,27 91 1, 1, 1,2 Iran 6, 6,6 7,8 8, 8, 8, Israel 1,294 1,12 1,1 1,6 Japan 14,67 1,21 1,169 1,2 14, 1, Korea, South 1,168 1,121 9,231 9,8 1,2 1,2 Malaysia 3,243 4,122 3,31 3, 4, 4, Mexico 11,341 14,11 14,69 16,2 16,2 16,2 Morocco 1,941 2,224 2,164 2,6 2,6 2,6 Peru 2,741 2,98 3,269 3,3 3,4 3,4 Saudi Arabia 2,94 3,83 3,421 4,,2, Taiwan 3,81 4,66 4,163 4, 4, 4, Tunisia 1,42 1,17 1,244 1, 1, 1, Turkey 2,377 67 1,421 2, 2,2 2,2 Venezuela 2,433 1,738 1,238 1,6 1,6 1,6 Vietnam 6,7 8,6 8, 9,2 9, 9, 17,761 18,322 17,419 16,83 1,888 1,648 124,891 136,746 137,89 147,183 11,288 12,748 Unaccounted 2,69 6,42 2,39 1,447 4,442 3,72 89 1,782 1,41 1, 128,39 144,93 141,7 149,68 17,3 17,7 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 23 tember 218

World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 29,7 29, 41, 3 41, 41, 8, 67, 98, 8 94, 94, 11,66 13,68 13,889 14, 14,8 14,3 21,646 224,632 219,2 21,891 22, 22, Ethiopia 7,23 7,3 7,3 7, 7, 7, 7,734 8,748 61,888 62,277 9,8 6,8 India 24,17 22,7 2,9 28,72 26, 26, Indonesia 9, 1, 1,9 1 11,9 11,9 Mexico 2,48 2,971 27,7 26,8 26, 26, Nigeria 1,9 1,62 1,7 11, 11, 11, Philippines 7,671 6,966 8,87 7,98 8,3 8,3 11,32 13,168 1,3 13,229 1 1 Serbia 7,7 6, 7,6 4, 6,6 6,8 South Africa 1,629 8,214 17,1 13,8 13, 13, 28,4 23,333 27,969 24,11 31, 31, 12,11 99,91,6 18,369 12,4 13,684 661,7 627,73 693,777 662,681 69,4 692,384 361,91 34,6 384,778 37,96 37,14 376,61 1,22,661 973,241 1,78, 1,33,641 1,61,4 1,68,999 Total Consumption 9,3 9,3 11,2 11,9 1 12,4 7, 7, 6, 64, 66, 66, 12,823 12,29 12,9 14, 13,9 13,7 2 217, 23 241, 21, 21, Egypt 13,9 14,8 1, 1,9 16, 16, 77,88 73, 74, 76, 79, 82, India 22,3 23, 24,9 26,7 26, 27,7 Indonesia 12,2 12, 12,3 12,2 12, 12, Iran 7,4 8,8 9,3 9,3 9,8 9,8 Japan 14,6 1,2 1,2 1,2 14,8 1,2 Korea, South 1,2 1,123 9,41 9,8 1,3 1,3 Mexico 34, 37,3 4,4 42,3 43,2 43,2 Nigeria 9,9 1,6 11,2 1 1 1 South Africa 11,6 1,97 12,663 12,3 12,6 12,6 Vietnam 9,4 12,2 12,9 13,4 13, 13, 163,81 164,9 168,366 174,64 178,188 177,766 686,7 671,226 746,88 749,6 778,78 783,396 31,792 298,844 313,828 317,768 32,817 322,722 987,849 97,7 1,6,78 1,67,324 1,98,89 1,16,118 Ending Stocks 2,898 1,448,273 2,378,494 3,983 7,842 6,769 14,19 1,19 1,219 1,19 1,18 2,4 2,74 2,374 2,224 2,24,472 11,774,713 79,4 8,4 8,4 9,626 6,713 7,43 9,12,12,812 Korea, South 1,86 1,936 1,832 1,98 1,884 1,884 Mexico 4,9,213,418 4,818 2,318 2,318 34,33 3,8 32,314 32,222 26,62 26,922 162,839 16,861 169,78 143,28 112,717 111,966 43,974 44,123 8,23,863 42,772 4,63 26,813 29,984 227,831 194,148 1,489 17,29 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 24 tember 218

Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 13,686 16,71 16,76 18,7 18, 18, Central America 3,46 3,938 3,799 4, 4, 4,2 South America 12,42 12,462 13,713 13,37 13,76 13,86-28 8,98 13,792 1,23 18, 18, 19, Former Soviet Union - 12 361 374 47 38 34 Middle East 1,17 14,886 16,92 19, 2,3 2, North Africa 1,622 16,873 16,77 18, 19, 18,6 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,323,48,97 3,48 3,293 3,193 East Asia 34,198 33,186 31,12 33,1 33,7 34,2 Southeast Asia 14,72 1,781 13,968 14,7 1,9 1,9 Caribbean 2,444 2,97 2,67 2,84 2,84 2,84 1,662 2,493 2,379 2,6 3,66 3,66 Total 12,7 138,28 139,341 148,233 12,88 14,48 Production North America 398,177 38,17 426,242 411,86 411,314 416,91 South America 127,7 18,837 149,824 12,232 146,93 147,3-28 7,734 8,748 61,888 62,277 9,8 6,8 Other Europe 9,132 7,427 9,432,33 8,19 8,39 Former Soviet Union - 12 44,188 4,147 47,791 42,69 47,7 47,76 Middle East 6,94 7,791 6,99 7,786 6,736 7,66 North Africa 6,8 6,96 6,13 6,61 6,1 6,1 Sub-Saharan Africa 66,89 62,466 71,79 73,933 68,22 68,89 East Asia 217,99 227,71 221,888 218,24 227,46 227,46 South Asia 34,398 33,2 37,73 41,38 39,86 39,86 Central America 3,88 3,278 3,78 3,84 3,8 3,63 Southeast Asia 3,6 31,693 33,716 33,868 33,93 33,93 1,43 1,28 1,349 1,21 1,313 1,313 Total 1,22,661 973,241 1,78, 1,33,641 1,61,4 1,68,999 Domestic Consumption North America 349,16 348,173 367,183 374,68 377,917 379,622 South America 87,61 87,971 91,723 98,29,91 11,31-28 77,88 73, 74, 76, 79, 82, Other Europe 6,297 6,22 6,932,83 6,2 6,2 Former Soviet Union - 12 21,71 19,82 2,11 18,73 19,3 18,89 Middle East 21,738 23,2 24,33 26,2 27,8 27,36 North Africa 22, 22,99 23,29 24,6 2,6 2, Sub-Saharan Africa 66,881 67,26 7,144 72,36 71,477 71,89 East Asia 233,127 249,467 263,62 272,3 282,6 283, South Asia 33,123 3,63 37,88 41,239 42,81 43,281 Southeast Asia 4,849 43,634 4,497 46,39 47,4 47,4 Central America 6,76 7,18 7,2 7,79 7,91 7,91 3,984 3,99 3,942 4,12 4,1 4,17 Total 97,76 989,266 1,36,222 1,68,713 1,91,6 1,98,388 Ending Stocks North America 49,82 1,786 66,24 8, 47,314 49,4 South America 13,743 11,29 22,182 1,361 17,97 17,161-28 9,626 6,713 7,43 9,12,12,812 Other Europe 896 849 1,471 669 1,1 889 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,1 2,62 3,7 2,84 2,683 2,344 Middle East 3,727 2,747 2,11 2,44 1,913 2,1 North Africa 3,29 2,988 2, 2,38 2,387 2,79 Sub-Saharan Africa 9,8 7,686 1,1 1,93 8,64 8,112 East Asia 13,922 114,71 14,43 83,383 61,839 61,939 South Asia 3,94 2,417 3,137 4,483 2,769 2,788 Southeast Asia 4,16,1 3,879 2,88 2,81 2,76 Central America 79 794 8 86 793 761 49 432 443 42 388 378 Total 26,813 29,984 227,831 194,148 1,489 17,29 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 tember 218

World Barley Trade October/tember Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 1,99 2,836 2,696 2, 2,8 2,8 Australia,266,41 9,192 6, 6,,8 1,386 1,147 1,89 2, 2,2 1,642 8,644,683,9 6,, Kazakhstan 47 776 821 Moldova 81 9 143 1 1 1,87 3,73 3,626,8 4,8,3 Turkey 4 14 2 4,332 4,673,337 4,3 4, 4,3 Uruguay 43 42 111 1 1 164 82 47 71 13 29,799 27,39 29,479 28,46 28,6 28,43 291 161 12 13 3,9 27,6 29,64 28,676 28,7 28,3 TY Imports Algeria 723 864 33 Belarus 1 7 112 6 489 1 737 6 6 16 131 74 6 9,89,869 8,14 8,2 9, 9, Colombia 249 31 28 28 28 28 269 31 447 6 6 India 2 67 324 Iran 1,9 1,7 2,2 3,2 3, 3,3 Israel 278 319 376 2 2 2 Japan 1,97 1,14 1,197 1,2 1, 1, Jordan 79 92 79 773 6 6 Kuwait 412 11 69 4 2 2 Libya 1,1 1,324 1,84 Morocco 276 98 47 47 3 3 Peru 122 98 169 1 1 Saudi Arabia 8,2 1,4 8,4 7,7 8, 7,6 Tunisia 483 696 1 61 6 6 United Arab Emirates 393 668 1 2 4 4 Vietnam 2 79 161 9 12 12 1,742 1,166 1,96 1,81 966 936 28,472 28,8 28,9 27,99 28,21 27,891 Unaccounted 1,188-876 878 847 279 239 43 32 217 23 4 4 3,9 27,6 29,64 28,676 28,7 28,3 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 26 tember 218

World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 968 1, Algeria 4, 4, 3,74 3,3 4,94 2,9 7,8 8,8 8,9 13,6 8,993 8,646 Australia 1,7 1,7 1,42 1,23 1,849 1,988 Belarus 8,8 8,8 7,9 8,839 8,27 7,117 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,72 1,87 1,81 2,17 2,17 2, 2,2 2,47 1,93 Ethiopia 7,6 9,1 9,64 9,978 62,9 6,69 1,77 1,79 1,7 1,44 1,613 1,831 India 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,2 3,2 Iran 4,2 3, 3,3 3,231 2,67 2,412 Kazakhstan 2, 2, 62 3,4 1,638 Morocco 17, 17, 2,183 17,47 17,83 2,26 7,4 7,4 6,4 4,7 7,4 4, Turkey 7,6 8, 8,69 9,874 8,71 9,4 9,886 9,811 9,86 1,699 9,2 9,11 139,326 14,971 141,181 142,814 14,2 138,31 3,4 3,4 3,9 4,33 4,7 3,93 142,726 144,371 144,271 147,167 149,77 141,984 Total Consumption 1,9 1,9 1,7 2, 2,1 2, Algeria 2, 2,7 3, 3, 3,3 3, Australia 1,7 1,7 1,4 1,8 Belarus 6,8 6,9 6,629 6,76 6,96 6,471 11, 11, 1,3 9,8 7,9 11,6 2,12 2,12 2,7 2,2 1,99 1,97 Ethiopia 2,7 4, 4,2, 1,37,937 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,2 India 6,3 6, 6, 4,,2 4,6 Iran 2,2 2,2 2,1 2,2 Kazakhstan 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,2 3,3 2,638 Morocco 12,6 12,6 14, 14,7 13,7 14, 8,22 8,42 8,82 9,82 1,22 8,2 Saudi Arabia 7,3 7,3 6,7, 6,9,3 Turkey 3, 3,6 4, 4,9 4,3, 16,6 16,9 17,416 18,87 18,487 17,4 14,376 141,898 144,73 146,33 143,264 138,27 3,93 3,71 3,43 4,37 4,48 4,23 143,969 14,99 148,16 1,48 147,672 142, Ending Stocks 684 783 1,184 1,884 1,68 1,12 Australia 1,16 986 1,26 2,12 1,23 1,26,136,81,86,621 6,12,834 88 639 78 48 78 1,8 Iran 914 1,114 1,29 2,344 4,9 3,74 Saudi Arabia 871 871 771 338 961 332 Turkey 947 1,47 1,137 1,237 1,69 1,6,313,21,426 6,781 8,127 8,283 1,879 1,731 17,147 2,783 24,117 22,26 2,88 2,88 2,63 2,316 2,223 1,711 17,967 17,819 19,21 23,99 26,34 24,237 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 27 tember 218

Regional Barley Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 779 61 293 3 1 1 South America 1,169 1,133 1,249 1,6 1,1 1,1-28 269 31 447 6 6 Other Europe 124 81 121 12 12 Former Soviet Union - 12 239 162 439 28 3 3 Middle East 12,399 14,798 13,63 13,428 12,67 12,7 North Africa 2,81 3,914 2,42 2,1 1,92 1,92 Sub-Saharan Africa 138 4 112 8 East Asia 11,8 7,136 9,413 9,3 1,74 1,74 South Asia 22 133 34 131 136 136 Oceania 32 7 2 3 2 2 Total 28,92 28,432 28,726 27,829 28,421 28,291 Production North America 11,916 13,742 14,17 11,994 13,2 13,2 South America 3,79,92 4,714 4,831,39,39-28 6,69 62,9 9,978 9,64 9,1 7,6 Other Europe 1,241 1,28 1,388 1,284 1,32 1,337 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,42 32,47 34,17 3,63 32,47 33,27 Middle East 8,896 12,674 1,118 11,69 12,88 12,88 North Africa 3,913,27 2,23 3,646 4,3 4,3 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,423 2,49 2,6 2,77 2,69 2,73 East Asia 2,136 2,19 2,2 2,112 2,19 2,19 South Asia 2,461 2,121 1,943 2,247 2,247 2,227 Oceania 9,2 9,43 13,87 9,196 9,18 8,18 Total 141,984 149,77 147,167 144,271 144,371 142,726 Domestic Consumption North America 11,6 12,293 12,8 11,69 11,61 11,443 South America 3,398 3,33 3,449 3,46 3,466 3,476-28,937 1,37, 4,2 4, 2,7 Other Europe 1,414 1,373 1,449 1,37 1,377 1,377 Former Soviet Union - 12 2,44 23,889 2,429 24,713 22,37 22,27 Middle East 22,369 26,961 24,834 2,719 2,214 2,314 North Africa 7,12 8,23 6,697 6,49 6,18 6,18 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,471 2,6 2,69 2,63 2,7 2,7 East Asia 13,164 9,482 11,446 11,999 12,7 12,7 South Asia 2,23 2,93 2,423 2,63 2,368 2,368 Oceania 3,4 3,7 3,9 3,4 3, 2,9 Total 143,426 14,61 149,92 147,47 14,246 143,48 Ending Stocks North America 3,369 4,132 4,81 3,733 3,448 3,618 South America 773 1,141 838 748 783 767-28,834 6,12,621,86,81,136 Other Europe 16 79 17 77 84 82 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,771 3,21 3,8 2,7 2,3 2,62 Middle East,28 6,38 3,86 3,633 2,86 2,882 North Africa 2,1 2,816 1,174 863 1,179 1,178 Sub-Saharan Africa 434 436 488 48 8 6 East Asia 1,9 94 923 66 76 76 South Asia 294 274 23 239 24 184 Oceania 1,199 1,14 1,942 1,218 822 723 Total 24,237 26,34 23,99 19,21 17,819 17,967 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 28 tember 218

World Sorghum Trade October/tember Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 94 772 47 Australia 1,71 717 42 3 1, Ethiopia 7 7 7 7 7 7 India 122 74 24 Kenya 73 41 73 16 Nigeria 16 12 164 1 8 8 138 11 229 23 1 1 3,319 1,964 1,664 1,88 2,36 2,46 9,269 7,928 6,22,2 4, 4, 12,88 9,892 7,686 6,788 6,86 6,96 TY Imports Chile 98 134 4 6 1,162 8,284,29 4,3 131 119 194 42 2 8 Japan 93 649 61 6 1,2 6 Kenya 117 4 146 1 1 1 Korea, South 6 4 7 7 7 Mexico 29 661 48 12 Somalia 2 7 6 7 South Sudan 87 19 36 1 1 1 Sudan 12 2 12 1 2 2 39 669 396 99 474 4 12,63 1,863 7,329 6,689 6,94 6,674 Unaccounted 498-1,69 313 49 266 286 27 98 44 12,88 9,892 7,686 6,788 6,86 6,96 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 29 tember 218