Advanced gas cleaning Sander van Paasen
ECN development targets 2 Heat and Power Bio-SNG (Green Natural Gas) Transportation Fuels and chemicals
Content OLGA for electricity production Duration test results with Pilot installation at ECN First results of the DEMO installation in France OLGA for Bio-SNG production (green natural gas) Motivation for ECN to work on bio-sng Duration test results with Lab installation at ECN 3
OLGA for electricity production
Motivation for OLGA Avoid tar related problems. Fouling of equipment (SNG & E) Deactivation of catalyst with soot (SNG) Wastewater production (E) 5
OLGA Technology (Oil gas scrubber) Tar Condensation Fines removal Tar Absorption Oil stripper Dust Liquid tar unrecovered oil tar/oil/dust separation COL W-ESP ABS STR Tar and dust free product gas Tar loaded stripper air unrecovered oil DUST LOADED PRODUCT GAS Make up oil STRIPPER AIR 6
OLGA installations 2002 Lab-scale 2 m n3 /h > 1400 h 2004 Pilot-scale 200 m n3 /h 900 h 2006 Demo-scale 2000 m n3 /h 100 h 7
Pilot duration test 15 January 10 March 2006 Project details Pilot installation at ECN Duration test of 700 hours 2 operators per shift 2 shifts per 24 hours Key data Feedstock: wood pellets 40 kw e Gas engine 180 m n3 /h of gas OLGA removed tar and dust Partners Dahlman Host Lek Habo (OLGA) (Gasifier) (Gas engine) 8
Gas cleaning of pilot installation (0.5 MW th ) During start up 9
10 Run time of equipment
Duration test gas composition (0.5 MW th ) Raw product gas After OLGA Before booster H 2 vol% dry 7,2 7,3 7,4 CO vol% dry 17,4 17,1 17,4 CH 4 vol% dry 4,6 4,5 4,6 CO 2 vol% dry 15,5 15,5 15,5 C 2 H 2 vol% dry 0,2 0,2 0,2 C 2 H 4 vol% dry 2,0 1,9 1,9 C 2 H 6 vol% dry 0,1 0,1 0,1 N 2 vol% dry 51,3 51,6 52,0 H 2 O vol% 14,6 14,6 1,9 Benzene ppmv dry 3511 2415 2424 Toluene ppmv dry 448 156 158 Total tar mg/m n 3 dry 16855 321 281 Naphtalene mg/m n 3 dry 4023 38 35 Phenol mg/m n 3 dry 386 < 2,5 < 2,5 Dust + tar aerosols 3 mg/m n dry 500 10 < 5 Tar dewpoint (measured) C -- -- 0 ± 1 Tar dewpoint (calculated, incl aerosol) C -- 53 5 11
Duration test gas composition (0.5 MW th ) 6000 60 700 1 Naphthalene IN [mg/m n 3 ] 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 50 40 30 20 10 Naphthalene OUT [mg/m n 3 ] Phenol IN [mg/m n 3 ] 600 500 400 300 200 100 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Phenol out [mg/m n 3 ] 0 0 200 400 600 800 Operational time [hours] 0 0 0 200 400 600 Operational time [hour] 0 12
Demo OLGA Installation Project details Location: Moissannes in France Eneria is engine supplier and plant operator Dahlman is OLGA supplier ECN delivered design data for the plant and assists during start-up and operation. Key process data Feedstock: Saw dust and Wine residue 4 MWth Fixed bed gasifier 1,1 MWe gas engine 2000 m n3 /h of gas OLGA removes fine dust + tar 13
Start-up of the 4 MW th (1.1 MW e ) installation Flare OLGA Gasifier Wine residue Cyclone Cooler Saw dust Gas engine 14
OLGA Performance Complete heavy tar removal Complete removal of phenol 350 10 mg/m n 3 of light tar condensable improves in time Dust below detection limit No fouling of piping or gas engine Stable and fully automated operation 15
OLGA for bio-sng production
Motivation for bio-sng in NL electricity import nuclear 2% 1% rest 2% coal 11% oil 36% natural gas 48% (20% products from NG) Transportation NG fuels 19% 16% electricity 29% Heat 36% transportation fuels 19% NG Electricity heat 29% 36% (80% from NG) Products (40% from 16% NG) NG Primary energy source Energy products 17
Biomass to bio-sng biomass import SNG plant NL does not have sufficient biomass biomass import is necessary biomass will be expensive (plus ~3 /GJ) biomass will probably be wood biomass will be available at only few locations (harbours) Consequence: large-scale and high efficient Gasification biomass SNG (Substitute Natural Gas) 18
Process diagram for bio-sng production MILENA Cooler HGF OLGA Further gas cleaning Green Natural Gas Riser pyrolysis ± 80% BFB combustor Biomass 100% Air Flue gas Ash Tar Biomass specific technology CH 4 synthesis Gas upgrading ± 70% Available technology Duration test (70 h) with 5 kg/h Milena and 2 m n3 /h gas cleaning in December 2006 19
Product gas composition after gas cleaning Gas composition dry basis Milena out HGF out OLGA out SACHA out H 2 vol% 26 24 24 25 CO vol% 29 30 31 31 CH 4 vol% 11 12 12 11 CO 2 vol% 22 21 21 21 sum C 2 H y vol% 5 5 5 5 N 2 vol% 6 6 6 6 H 2 O vol% wet 40 40 40 40 Organic compounds dry basis Milena out HGF out OLGA out SACHA out Total tar 3 g/m n 30 30 0,6 nm Tar dew point C 251 248 76 nm > Benzene ppmv 10193 11141 7448 6575 Toluene ppmv 1150 1423 533 382 Milena Cooler HGF OLGA SACHA S, N, Cl compounds dry basis Milena out HGF out OLGA out SACHA out H 2 S ppmv 96 111 104 0,0 COS ppmv 2,3 1,9 1,8 0,0 Organic sulphur ppmv nm nm 9 6 HCl ppmv nm nm 0,6 0,6 NH 3 ppmv 1481 nm 1539 1761 HCN ppmv 72 nm 85 nm 20
Gas composition after methanation 50 Concentration [%] 40 30 20 10 CH4 CO2 H2 CO x10 50% CO 2 40% CH 4 0 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 Time [hours] 21
STATUS gas cleaning for SNG production from BIOMASS status gasifier tar removal further gas cleaning CH 4 synthesis gas upgrading 22
Implementation plan bio-sng MW th biomass capacity 1000 full-scale 100 10 1 demo 0% 10% 100% SNG pilot-scale (ECN) C 0.1 0.01 lab-scale (ECN) 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 23
Further Information Information Sander van Paasen ECN Biomass, Coal & Environmental Research T +31 224 564879 E vanpaasen@ecn.nl W www.ecn.nl Other General information: www.ecn.nl/bkm Phyllis biomass database: www.phylis.nl Tar dew point calculator: www.thersites.nl 24