Canadian Wood Council G063 Fire Resistance Tools and Information for Wood-Frame Buildings Ineke Van Zeeland, M.Eng., Senior Manager, Codes & Standards Fire & Acoustics, Canadian Wood Council November 24, 2015
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Course Description This seminar will discuss various sources of information and tools that may be used to develop solutions to meet the building code s fire resistance rating requirements for wood buildings, including the 2015 revisions to the Component Additive Method and a new Annex B, entitled Fire resistance of large cross section wood elements, in CSA O86 Engineering Design in Wood.
Learning Objectives Key learning points: The speaker will present the various sources of information and tools that may be used to develop solutions to meet the building code s fire resistance rating requirements for wood buildings. The presenter will discuss the 2015 revisions to the Component Additive Method. The presenter will discuss the new Annex B, entitled Fire resistance of large crosssection wood elements, in CSA O86 Engineering Design in Wood. Participants will understand how to develop solutions that meet the building code s fireresistance rating requirements for wood buildings.
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Fire Resistance fire resistance, n the ability of a material, product, or assembly to withstand fire or give protection from it for a period of time. (ASTM E 176-15 Standard Terminology of Fire Standards)
OBC 2015 - Division A - Part 1 Fire-resistance rating 1.4.1.2: "...the time in minutes or hours that a material or assembly of materials will withstand the passage of flame and the transmission of heat when exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and performance criteria, or as determined by extension or interpretation of information derived from that test and performance as prescribed in this Code."
OBC 2015 Division B 3.1.7. Fire-resistance Ratings Sentence 3.1.7.1.(1): CAN/ULC-S101 - Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials
OBC 2015 Division B 3.1.7. Fire-resistance Ratings Sentence 3.1.7.1.(2): MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, Fire Performance Ratings
OBC 2015 Division B 9.10.3.1. Fire-resistance and Fire- Protection Ratings Sentence 9.10.3.1.(1): Part 3 MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-3 Fire and Sound Resistance of Building Assemblies
CAN/ULC-S101 Horizontal Furnace 11
CAN/ULC-S101 Loading Horizontal Furnace 12
CAN/ULC-S101 Vertical Furnace 13
CAN/ULC-S101 Temperature Exposure 1000 860 Temperature ( o C) 720 580 440 300 160 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 Time (minutes) 14
CAN/ULC-S101 Standard Fire-resistance Test Failure Criteria Structural Failure Insulation Failure Integrity Failure 15
Structural Failure
Structural Failure
Insulation Failure 18
Integrity Failure
Fire-resistance Ratings
Fire-resistance Ratings Generic Listings Proprietary Listings Empirical Calculation Methods
Generic Listings MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-3 22
Generic Listings MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-3 23
Generic Listings Table A-9.10.3.1.A (Walls): NRC-IRC Internal Report: IR833 - Results of Fire Resistance Tests on Full-Scale Gypsum Board Wall Assemblies; Sultan, M. A., et al. Table A-9.10.3.1.B (Floors, Ceilings and Roofs): NRC-IRC Internal Report: IR764 - Results of Fire Resistance Tests on Full-Scale Floor Assemblies; Sultan, M. A., et al. NRC-IRC Research Report: RR184 - Results of Fire Resistance Tests on Full-Scale Floor Assemblies - Phase II; Sultan, M. A., et al. 24
Additional CAN/ULC-S101 Testing: NRC/CWC/FPInnovations Midrise Research: 25
Additional CAN/ULC-S101 Testing: NRC/CWC/FPInnovations Midrise Research: 26
Proprietary Listings 27
Empirical Calculation Methods: Component Additive Method (CAM) OBC 2015: SB-2 Fire-Performance Ratings Section 2 Fire-Resistance Ratings Subsection 2.3. Wood and Steel Framed Walls, Floors and Roofs Last revised for NBCC 1995 28
Empirical Calculation Methods: Component Additive Method (CAM) Currently does not apply to assemblies using: 29
Empirical Calculation Methods: Component Additive Method (CAM) Major revisions for 2015 NBC: Double layers of gypsum board (walls and floors) Wood I-joists, more wood truss types Additional insulation types/locations and floor toppings Use of resilient metal channels 30
Empirical Calculation Methods: CAM Current OBC SB-2 Description One layer of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board One layer of 15.9 mm Type X Gypsum Board Wood Wall Assemblies Membrane Members Insulation Assigned Description Assigned Description time (min) time (min) 25 40 Wood Studs @ 400 mm o.c. Wood Studs @ 600 mm o.c. Wood Studs @ 400 mm o.c. Wood Studs @ 600 mm o.c. 20 15 20 15 Total FRR Assigned time (min) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) 15 60 GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5 50 None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI 0 45 (Loadbearing) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) 15 55 GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5 45 None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI 0 40 (Loadbearing) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) 15 75 GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5 65 None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI 0 60 (Loadbearing) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) 15 70 GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5 60 None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI (Loadbearing) 0 55
Empirical Calculation Methods: CAM NEW 2015 NBC Appendix D-2.3. Membrane Members Insulation Resilient Description Assigned time (min) Description Assigned time (min) Description Assigned time (min) Metal Channels (min) MFI - rock or slag (Loadbearing & One layer of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board One layer of 15.9 mm Type X Gypsum Board 25 40 Wood Studs @ 400 mm o.c. Wood Studs @ 600 mm o.c. Wood Studs @ 400 mm o.c. Wood Studs @ 600 mm o.c. Wood Wall Assemblies 20 15 20 15 Total FRR 15-10 50 Nonloadbearing) CFI dry-blown (Loadbearing Only) 10-10 45 GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5-10 40 None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & 0-10 35 GFI (Loadbearing) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) 15-10 45 CFI dry-blown (Loadbearing Only) 10-10 40 GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5-10 35 None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & 0-10 30 GFI (Loadbearing) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) 15-10 65 CFI dry-blown (Loadbearing Only) 10-10 60 GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5-10 55 None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & 0-10 50 GFI (Loadbearing) MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) 15-10 60 CFI dry-blown (Loadbearing Only) 10-10 55 GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5-10 50 None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI (Loadbearing) 0-10 45
Empirical Calculation Methods: CAM NEW 2015 NBC Appendix D-2.3. Wood Wall Assemblies Membrane Members Insulation Assigned Assigned Description Description time (min) time (min) Description Loadbearing 2 layers of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board Non-loadbearing 2 layers of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board 50 80 Wood Studs @ 400 mm o.c. Wood Studs @ 600 mm o.c. Wood Studs @ 400 mm o.c. Wood Studs @ 600 mm o.c. 20 15 20 15 Total FRR* Assigned time (min) RFI 15 85 CFI dry-blown 10 80 None & GFI 0 70 RFI 15 80 CFI dry-blown 10 75 None & GFI 0 65 RFI 15 115 GFI 5 105 None 0 100 RFI 15 110 GFI 5 100 None 0 95
Empirical Calculation Methods: CAM Current OBC SB-2 Wood Floor Assemblies Description 1 layer of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board 1 layer of 15.9 mm Type X Gypsum Board Membrane Assigned time (min) 25 40 Members Description Wood Joists @ 400 mm o.c. maximum Wood Trusses @ 600 mm o.c. maximum Wood Joists @ 400 mm o.c. maximum Wood Trusses @ 600 mm o.c. maximum Assigned time (min) Total FRR* 10 35 5 30 10 50 5 45
Empirical Calculation Methods: CAM NEW 2015 NBC Appendix D-2.3. Wood Floor Assemblies Description 1 layers of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board 1 layer of 15.9 mm Type X Gypsum Board Membrane Members Insulation Topping Resilient Assigned Assigned Assigned Assigned Metal time Description time Description time Description time Channels (min) (min) (min) (min) Spaced 400 mm o.c. Spaced 400 mm o.c. 25 40 Wood Joists, Trusses, I-joists @ 600 mm o.c. maximum Wood Joists, Trusses, I-joists @ 600 mm o.c. maximum 10 10 MFI (rock or slag) or CFI (wetsprayed) 5 None or GFI 0 MFI (rock or slag) or CFI (wetsprayed) 5 None or GFI 0 Total FRR None or Gypsumconcrete 0 40 Concrete 5 45 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 35 Concrete 5 40 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 55 Concrete 5 60 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 50 Concrete 5 55
Empirical Calculation Methods: CAM NEW 2015 NBC Appendix D-2.3. Wood Floor Assemblies Description 2 layers of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board 2 layers of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board 2 layer of 15.9 mm Type X Gypsum Board Membrane Members Insulation Topping Resilient Assigned Assigned Assigned Metal time Description time Description time Description Channels (min) (min) (min) Spaced 400 mm o.c. (or direct applied to members 400 mm o.c.) Spaced 600 mm o.c. (or direct applied) Spaced 600 mm o.c. (or direct applied) 50 45 60 Wood Joists, Trusses, I-joists @ 600 mm o.c. maximum Wood Joists, Trusses, I-joists @ 600 mm o.c. maximum Wood Joists, Trusses, I-joists @ 600 mm o.c. maximum 10 10 10 RFI or CFI (wetsprayed) 5 None or GFI 0 RFI or CFI (wetsprayed) 5 None or GFI 0 RFI or CFI (wetsprayed) 5 None or GFI 0 Assigned time (min) Total FRR None or Gypsumconcrete 0 65 Concrete 5 70 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 60 Concrete 5 65 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 60 Concrete 5 65 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 55 Concrete 5 60 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 75 Concrete 5 80 None or Gypsumconcrete 0 70 Concrete 5 75
Heavy Timber Construction OBC Subsection 3.1.4. sets out the requirements that must be conformed to for code-defined heavy timber construction e.g. Table 3.1.4.7. Heavy Timber Dimensions 37
Division B - Article 3.1.4.6. Heavy Timber Construction Alternative: 3.1.4.6.(1): If combustible construction is permitted and is not required to have a fire-resistance rating of more than 45 min, heavy timber construction is permitted to be used. 38
Generic Listings OBC 2015: SB-2 Fire-Performance Ratings Section 2 Fire-Resistance Ratings 39
Empirical FRR Calculation Method: SB-2 Subsection 2.11. Glued-Laminated Timber Beams and Columns Validated by test results For FRRs greater than 45 min 40
Empirical FRR Calculation Method: SB-2 Subsection 2.11. Glued-Laminated Timber Beams and Columns 41
Empirical FRR Calculation Method: SB-2 Subsection 2.11. Glued-Laminated Timber Beams and Columns 42
Empirical FRR Calculation Method: SB-2 Subsection 2.11. Glued-Laminated Timber Beams and Columns K = effective length factor (CAN/CSA-O86) L = unsupported length of column 43
Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: Mass Timber Beams and Columns Additional Information: American Wood Council (www.awc.ca) DCA 2 - Design of Fire-Resistive Exposed Wood Members TR10 - Calculating the Fire Resistance of Exposed Wood Members 44
Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O86-2014 Large Cross-section Wood Elements (Mass Timber) 5.6 Fire resistance Where applicable, design for fire resistance shall be in accordance with the NBCC. Note: See Annex B for a methodology that provides useful information in the development of a proposal for an alternative solution to meet the objectives of the NBCC.
Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O86-2014 Large Cross-section Wood Elements (Mass Timber)
Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O86-2014 Annex B Materials - Solid-sawn lumber - Glued-laminated timber (glulam) - Structural composite lumber (SCL)
Concept of Fire Resistance for Large Cross-section Wood Members Char Layer Char Base Pyrolysis Zone Pyrolysis Zone Base Normal Wood 48
Concept of Fire Resistance for Large Cross-section Wood Members 49
Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O86-2014 Annex B Modification Factors for Fire Design - Resistance factor, - Load duration factor, K d - System factor, K H - Size factor, K Z - Lateral stability factor, K L - Slenderness ratio, C C - Slenderness factor, K C - Specified strength adjustment factor for fire design, K fi
Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O86-2014 Annex B Char Depth o = one-dimensional charring rate n = notional charring rate
Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O86-2014 Annex B Zero-strength layer
Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O86-2014 Annex B Resistance of reduced cross-section Calculate sectional properties using reduced cross-sectional dimensions (char depth + zero-strength layer depth) Use modification factors
Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O86-2014 Annex B Fire-resistance rating A structural element shall be assigned a fireresistance rating of a particular duration of fire exposure if the reduced structural resistance of the element, after the specified exposure time, is greater than the specified gravity load effects. Resistance reduced(t=frr) Demand
Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O86-2014 Annex B Surfaces initially protected by gypsum board one layer of 12.7 mm Type X 15 min one layer of 15.9 mm Type X 30 min two layers of 15.9 mm Type X 60 min Connections Limited information at this time AWC s Technical Report 10 Eurocode 5: Part 1-2
Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O86-2014 Annex B Wood decking double tongue-and-groove single tongue-and-groove or internal spline butt-jointed unexposed surface protection T&G wood flooring 19 mm thick, laid crosswise or diagonally T&G plywood or OSB 12.5 mm thick concrete topping 38 mm thick gypsum-concrete topping 25 mm thick
Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: CSA O86-2016 Supplement Annex B Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) 57
Empirical FRR Calculation Methods: Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) 58
Additional Resources: Fire Safety Design in Buildings, Canadian Wood Council, 1996 (free PDF - www.cwc.ca). Janssens, M., and Douglas, Brad; Chapter 7 - Wood and Wood Products, Handbook of Building Materials for Fire Protection, McGraw-Hill, 2004. White, Robert H.; Section 4, Chapter 11 - Analytical Methods for Determining Fire Resistance of Timber Members, The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Society of Fire Protection Engineering, 4th Edition, 2008. White, Robert H., et al.; Wood Handbook, Chapter 18: Fire Safety of Wood Construction, 2010 (free PDF - www.fpl.fs.fed.us). SP Report 2010:19, Fire Safety in Timber Buildings: Technical Guideline, 2010.
This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Canadian Wood Council Wood WORKS! Ontario www.cwc.ca www.wood-works.ca