ALTERNATIVE WATER INSTALLATION GUIDELINES & DROUGHT CRISIS UPDATE 20 March 2018
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PROGRAMME OUTLINE WELCOME Nokuzola Mhlungu from Water & Sanitation Dept, CCT DROUGHT CRISIS UPDATE Carlo Vizzi from Enterprise & Investment, CCT CITY S ATERNATIVE WATER GUIDELINES - Sarah Rushmere from CCT DISCUSSION AND Q & A SESSION details of the guidelines, regulations and requirements WRAP UP & CLOSURE
NOKUZOLA MHLUNGU City of Cape Town Water & Sanitation Department
CARLO VIZZI City of Cape Town Enterprise & Investment
BETWEEN 2010 AND 2015, 130 MEGACITIES WERE HIT BY DROUGHT DISASTERS Source: Institute of Water Policy at Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore
2013 2017
ANNUAL MAJOR DAM LEVELS All figures are for 25 September for each year?
WATER CONSUMPTION 2016/17 Formal homes use 65% of Cape Town s water.
Water Dashboard on City s website updated weekly
WHAT FORWARD LOOKING UTILTIIES ARE DOING Diversification of supply mix (water source portfolio) Desalination 25% Water Reuse 25 % Groundwater Extraction 25% Surface/Dam Water 25% Recharge of aquifers & reservoirs by reclaimed and desalinated water in wet years Maximise use of aquifers during dry years
Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18 Oct-18 Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19 May-19 Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19 MLD SHORT TERM NEW WATER PROGRAMME - TBC 250 PROVISIONAL 2 YEAR AUGMENTATION PLAN 200 150 100 Temporary transfers Ground Water Abstraction (TMG) Ground Water Abstraction (sandy) Permanent desalination Emergency desalination Water Reclamation Springs 50 0 UNDER REVISION
SCENARIOS Showing factors of rainfall, City s additional new supply and our water consumption. From 2018 Outlook document on City s website. Updated regularly If we can get to 450m litres per day and stay there. Living the 50-litre life.
Graph 2: 100% Winter 2017 Rainfall 80% Augmentation Max Evaporation Implementation of Phase 2 of CCT Disaster Plan (13.5%) Water difficult to abstract from dams (10%)
Graph 3: 85% Winter 2017 Rainfall 80% Augmentation Max Evaporation Implementation of Phase 2 of CCT Disaster Plan (13.5%) Water difficult to abstract from dams (10%)
DEMAND MANAGEMENT Water restrictions & punitive tariffs: Level 6b, target of 450 MLD, with maximum of 50 litres pp/day. Business to reduce by 45% Water conservation Leak management: response times & repair, including repair for indigent households Pipe replacement District metering and zoning Pressure reduction Water Management Devices and meter management Education, awareness and behaviour change Communication campaigns Awarded C40 Award for Adaptation in 2015 for Water Conservation and Demand Management
WATER AND SANITATION TARIFFS 1 FEBRUARY 2018 Residential Water Tariffs (Domestic Full and Domestic Cluster) Water Steps (1kl = 1 000 litres) Level 4 (2017/18) Until 31/1/2018 Rands (incl VAT) Step 1 (>0 6kl) R4, 56 (free for indigent households) Level 6 (2017/18) From 1/2/2018 Rands (incl VAT) R29, 93 (free for indigent households) Step 2 (>6 10.5kl) R17, 75 R52, 44 (R 17, 75 for indigent households) Step 3 (>10.5 20kl) R25, 97 R114 Step 4 (>20 35kl) R43, 69 R342 Step 5 (>35 50kl) R113, 99 R912 Step 6 (>50kl) R302, 24 R912 *Sanitation charged to a maximum of 35kl Domestic Full = Stand-alone houses Domestic Cluster = Flats, sectional title units, cluster developments and gated villages
WATER AND SANITATION TARIFFS 1 FEBRUARY 2018 Residential Sanitation Tariffs (Domestic Full and Domestic Cluster) Water Steps (1kl = 1 000 litres) Level 4 (2017/18) Until 31/1/2018 Rands (incl VAT) Step 1 (>0 4,2 kl) R4, 39 (free for indigent households) Level 6 (2017/18) From 1/2/2018 Rands (incl VAT) R 25, 65 (free for indigent households) Step 2 (>4.2 7.3 kl) R14, 98 R44, 46 (R14, 98 for indigent households) Step 3 (>7.35 14 kl) R30, 31 R98, 04 Step 4 (>14 24.5 kl) R49, 04 R119, 70 Step 5 (>24.5 35 kl) R59, 30 R119, 70 *Sanitation charged to a maximum of 35kl Domestic Full = Stand-alone houses Domestic Cluster = Flats, sectional title units, cluster developments and gated villages
WATER AND SANITATION TARIFFS 1 FEBRUARY 2018 Commercial / Industrial Tariffs Water Steps (1kl = 1 000 litres) Level 4 (2017/18) Until 31/1/2018 Rands (incl VAT) Water R27, 97 R57 Sanitation (standard) R21, 50 R44, 18 Level 6 (2017/18) From 1/2/2018 Rands (incl VAT) *Sanitation charged to a maximum of 35kl Domestic Full = Stand-alone houses Domestic Cluster = Flats, sectional title units, cluster developments and gated villages
HOUSEHOLD WATER USAGE GUIDE
APPLY FOR AN INCREASE IN YOUR MONTHLY WATER QUOTA If there are more than four persons living full-time in a household or on a property, an application needs to be made to the City to have the monthly water quota increases accordingly. Households that exceed limits prescribed by Level 6b water restrictions, will be fined and have WMD (Water Management Devices) fitted at their cost. Submit your application online at www.capetown.gov.za/servicerequests Full guide and step-by-step instructions available on website.
Apply for exemptions on City s website
TREATED EFFLUENT RE-USE FOR LARGE USERS Treated wastewater from treatment plants Cost is R5.30/kl compared to R57/kl. 75 million litres per day supplied through permanent pipeline connections 10 million litres from collection points Untreated for toilet flushing, irrigation, fire systems and other operational uses. Can be treated onsite to required quality. Email treated.effluent@capetown.gov.za So far mostly for Industries & commercial operations City Parks & Departments Golf courses School irrigation Farmers
TREATED EFFLUENT RE-USE FOR LARGE USERS Businesses can collect at designated collection points or can connect to existing treated effluent reticulation.
RESOURCES Available from www.capetown.gov.za/thinkwater Resources include: Posters & videos Print ready material 50 litre life Water saving checklist How to safely use greywater How to find and fix leaks Permission cubicle for toilets Water management device and water rationing leaflets Extensive FAQs: How City manages leaks, Day Zero disaster plans Guides: e.g. installation of alternative water systems Day Zero Dashboard www.capetown.gov.za/dayzerodashboard Dam Levels www.capetown.gov.za/damlevels Cape Town Water Map www.capetown.gov.za/watermap Resource packs are updated as new material is being made available.
PARTNER RESOURCES GreenCape drought support service, website with useful case studies & resources. Contact Jane Reddick jane@green-cape.co.za Green Building Council SA water & energy benchmarking tool for offices Supplier database for water saving & alternative water technologies and services on Western Cape Government s 110% Green webpage WWF s business campaign and Wednesday Water Files. www.wwf.org.za National Cleaner Production Centre for free industrial water efficiency audits Contact Andre Page - APage@csir.co.za http://ncpc.co.za
resilience the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness. the ability of a substance or object to spring back into shape; elasticity. Oxford dictionary definition If we can get to 450m litres per day and stay there. Living the 50-litre life.
SARAH RUSHMERE City of Cape Town Water & Sanitation Dept
City s position on installation of alternative water systems. November 2017
Alternative water for the new normal City promoting alternative water for operational uses - but only if done responsibly to avoid health risks, contamination of drinking water supply and environmental damage. 1. Rainwater 2. Groundwater : boreholes, wellpoints and springs 3. Greywater 4. Treated effluent from City, and own treatment on site 5. Surface water: rivers and streams on the property Stormwater will come in new build guidelines, and ocean water not included yet
Installation guidelines For installations of systems with plumbing, not bucketing For homes & businesses, but not for complex industrial systems Fairly wide stakeholder inputs so far. Consistent with legislation and current Water Bylaw which is to be updated soon. So position may be updated, but key principles will remain. Full guideline document available soon. Will cover: Alternative water explanations and legislation overview Appropriate uses, quality and treatment Installation to prevent contamination with illustrations Application, registration and/or licensing requirements Signage What to look for in an installer Checklists for pre-installation, installation & post-installation for each type
KEY PRINCIPLES FOR ALTERNATIVE WATER 1. Quality required for different uses as per 1996 national guidelines 2. Imperative to prevent potentially dangerous alternative water from contaminating drinking water system on the premises and for surrounding area. Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventers mandatory. 3. Quality required for different uses as per 1996 national guidelines. See matrix. 4. Discharge to correct place overflow to stormwater or to sewer if harmful chemicals or substances 5. Colour code the pipes 6. Do not drink signage
SOURCES OF WATER: RAINWATER GROUND WATER SURFACE WATER GREYWATE R TREATED EFFLUENT USES OF WATER: Plant bed irrigation (subsurface) Fire fighting 3 (Categories 3 & 4) TEST FIRST, AND TREAT ACCORDING TO USE 4 4 4 3 (Categories 3 & 4) 3 (Categories 3 & 4) Vehicle cleaning 3 3 3 Food garden (subsurface) 4 4 4 & lawn irrigation Outdoor hard surface cleaning Swimming pools* SANS 241* SANS 241* SANS 241* HVAC 3 3 3 (Category 4) 3 (Category 4) 3 (Category 4) 3 (All 4 categories) Toilet flushing** ** ** ** Fish ponds 1 1 1 Indoor surface and kitchen 1 1 1 cleaning Laundry washing 1 1 1 Cooking & food preparation 1 1 1 Body washing (ablution) 1 1 1 Drinking SANS 241 SANS 241 SANS 241 Water features (no contact) 1 1 1 Water features (e.g. splash SANS 241 SANS 214 SANS 241
KEY/ EXPLANATION COLOUR CODE USE WITH DISCRETION RISK OF USE Low, negligible risk No direct human contact with water WATER QUALITY REQUIRED FOR INTENDED USE TESTING AND TREATMENT REQUIRED, FOR INTENDED PURPOSES Low No testing or treatment required. Use with discretion. TEST QUALITY AND TREAT FOR USE/S Moderate risk Some human contact with water Moderate Test water quality Check results against national guidelines for intended use. Treat if required. For this low risk category, treatment may be unlikely. TEST QUALITY AND TREAT FOR USE/S TEST QUALITY AND TREAT FOR USE/S Medium risk Greater human contact Very high risk High levels of contact and human ingestion Medium Test water quality Check results against national guidelines for intended use. Treat as required. For this risk category, treatment is likely. High Test water quality Check results against national guidelines for intended use. Treat as required. For this high risk category, high level of treatment is essential. Regular quality testing necessary to determine ongoing water quality and suitability for use. Filtering and or treatment will be necessary. No alternative water sources permitted for these uses as per City s Water Bylaw. Unless by contract as a Water Service Intermediary N/A N/A
Application, registration and licencing ALTERNATIVE WATER TYPE FROM NATIONAL DWS FROM CITY OF CAPE TOWN Rainwater No licencing. Approval for installation Groundwater Surface water Licencing General Authorisation or Water Use Licence Licencing General Authorisation or Water Use Licence Approval for drilling, and register the source, and get approval for installation Approval for installation Greywater No licencing. Approval for installation Treated effluent own treatment Licencing required. Approval for installation Treated effluent from City N/A for consumers buying from City Approval for installation
RPZ valve back-flow preventer Specifications & functionality outlined in SANS 1808-15. If products approved according to this standard are not easily available locally, the City will also accept international standards for RPZs from organisations such as the German Institute of Standardization (Deutche Insitut vur Normung DIN) or the American Water Works Association (AWWA). Locally available RPZ models include the products manufactured by ARI and Caleffi. Local suppliers so far: Equilibrium Water, importing Caleffi range (www.equilibrium-water.com) Ultra control valves (www.ultravalves.co.za) Wholesale plumbing supply in Mphumalanga (www.wholesaleplumbingsupply.co.za) City has approached these specialist retailers: Plumblink, Incledon, CP&B, OnTap, Brights, Buco, Build It and Builders Warehouse. NOTE: City of Cape Town does not endorse any particular product or service provider and cannot be held liable for any non-performance.
Colour codes Greywater = lilac, Pantone 522 colour code Groundwater = dark green with two grey stripes Rainwater = no specific colour, but labelling recommended. Treated effluent = orange And with reference to SANS 10140-3: 2003, Edition 3 for identification colour
Signage for main thoroughfare and point of use Appropriate signage as per SANS 1186-1:2008
GREYWATER SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION 1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. Currently not mandatory for systems where there is no connection between the alternative water and municipal drinking water supply. But strongly recommended best practice, as many want to plumb it into the building for indoor use in future and possible contamination to be avoided. 2. Greywater sources connected to storage tank. The inclusion of greywater sources A, B and/or C depends on irrigation needs. 3. Collection and treatment of greywater in storage tank. Tank installation must comply with national building regulations, SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer s specifications. Greywater water must be used within 24 hours. Ensure empty storage tank when going away for longer than 24 hours. 4. Any underground tank installation must be at least 1m away from the boundary wall and comply with national building regulations. 5. Filtered greywater for drip/subsurface irrigation, under a thick layer of mulch. Not sprayed for health reasons and to reduce evaporation. 6. Storage tank overflow to sewer. 7. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water.
GREYWATER SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION AND TOILET FLUSHING 1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. (Mandatory). 2. Municipal water supply to cistern must be disconnected. 3. Collection, settlement and filtration of greywater in storage tank/s. All tank installations must comply with national building regulations, SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer s specifications. Greywater water must be used within 24 hours. Ensure empty storage tank when going away for longer than 24 hours. 4. Any underground tank installation must be at least 1m away from the boundary wall and comply with national building regulations. 5. Screen-filtered greywater for drip/subsurface irrigation, under a thick layer of mulch. Not sprayed for health reasons and to reduce evaporation. 6. Collection, disinfection and distribution of greywater in second part of the storage tank. 7. Filtered and disinfected greywater for toilet flushing, using an in-line chlorinator (or other equivalent). 8. Storage tank overflow to sewer. 9. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water.
RAINWATER SYSTEM FOR OUTDOOR USE 1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. Currently not mandatory for systems where there is no connection between the alternative water and municipal drinking water supply. But strongly recommended best practice, as many want to plumb it into the building for indoor use in future and possible contamination to be avoided. 2. Rainwater channeled to storage tank via gutters. 3. Debris diverted by sloped screen. 4. Rainwater for topping up pool or other outdoor use, directly from gutters using gravity feed, via e.g. flexible plastic sleeve. (This is one option, and from a tank is another option). 5. Collection of rainwater in storage tank. Installation of tanks can be below or above ground, but must comply with national building regulations, SANS 10252-1:2012 and SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer s specifications. Any underground tank installation must also be at least 1m away from the boundary wall. 6. Storage tank overflow to stormwater. If rainwater is treated with any chemicals then the overflow must be discharged to the sewer. 7. Rainwater for drip/subsurface irrigation, under a thick layer of mulch, vehicle washing and/or hard surface cleaning. 8. Rainwater for topping up pool. Pool cover as per requirements of water restrictions. 9. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water. 10. This water is not for drinking, cooking or ablution. Preferably, make it a demand tap so that nobody drinks from it or wastes water from it.
RAINWATER SYSTEM FOR OUTDOOR AND INDOOR USE 1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. (Mandatory). 2. Rainwater channeled to storage tank via gutters. 3. Debris diverted by sloped screen. 4. Rainwater for topping up pool or other outdoor use, directly from gutters using gravity feed, via e.g. flexible plastic sleeve. 5. Collection of rainwater in storage tank. Installation of tanks can be below or above ground, but must comply with national building regulations, SANS 10252-1:2012 and SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer s specifications. Any underground tank installation must also be at least 1m away from the boundary wall. 6. Storage tank overflow to stormwater. If rainwater is treated with any chemicals then the overflow must be discharged to the sewer. 7. Rainwater for drip/subsurface irrigation under a thick layer of mulch, vehicle washing and/or hard surface cleaning. 8. Rainwater for topping up pool. Pool cover as per requirements of water restrictions. 9. Rainwater for toilet flushing. 10. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water. 11. Municipal water supply to cistern must be disconnected when rainwater is used. This may be seasonally disconnected over winter rainfall months, or permanently if there is sufficient storage. 12. This water is not for drinking, cooking or ablution. Preferably, make it a demand tap so that nobody drinks from it or wastes water from it.
GROUNDWATER SYSTEM FOR OUTDOOR AND INDOOR USE 1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. (Mandatory). 2. Groundwater sources (wellpoint, borehole or spring water) connected to storage tank. 3. Collection and treatment (if testing indicates it is required) of groundwater in storage tank. Installation of tanks can be below or above ground, but must comply with national building regulations, SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer s specifications. Any underground tank installation must also be at least 1m away from the boundary wall. 4. Storage tank overflow to stormwater or a garden for aquifer recharge if not treated. If treated with chemicals, the overflow must discharge to sewer. 5. Groundwater for drip/subsurface irrigation under a thick layer of mulch (not sprayed for health reasons and to reduce evaporation), vehicle washing and/or hard surface cleaning. 6. Groundwater for topping up pool. Pool cover as per requirements of water restrictions. 7. Groundwater for toilet flushing. 8. Municipal water supply to cistern must be disconnected. 9. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water. 10. Borehole water meter to be installed by owner as per water by-law. 11. This water is not for drinking, cooking or ablution. Preferably, make it a demand tap so that nobody drinks from it or wastes water from it.
PLEASE DO USE BUT RESPONSIBLY Under current Water Bylaw & legislation: Alternative water systems subject to City approval, and groundwater and surface water subject to national Dept of Water & Sanitation licensing. No alternative water for drinking, cooking and body washing (ablution). Due to health risks and City s statutory responsibility for providing drinking quality water. No full off-grid for water for homes and smaller businesses. Risks & monitoring/ enforcement costs too high to allow. Some off-grid for large consumers such as large residential developments and businesses which contract with the City as Water Service Intermediary, and can show reliable treatment and monitoring system, and backflow-prevention. Alternative water use entirely at risk of consumer, City not liable.
City approval & inspection Current groundwater and treated effluent applications systems stay as is for now. Apply to borehole.water@capetown.gov.za and treated.effluent@capetown.gov.za respectively. Greywater & rainwater applications: download Alternative Water System Application Form from City s website, see http://cct.gov.za/bc2nv Email with attachments to water@capetown.gov.za Plumbing Certificate of Approval to be compulsory. City started engagement with plumbing industry associations IOPSA and PIRB, and they re pioneering training programmes now.
CITY WEBSITE USEFUL LINKS SHORT URL Water By-law (2010) Alternative water sources for your organisation Apply to sink a borehole or wellpoint Register a borehole or wellpoint Apply to install and use an alternative water system Apply for supply of treated effluent Water saving toolkits- water saving posters, guides and materials to download http://cct.gov.za/xajse http://cct.gov.za/inibt http://cct.gov.za/99c1r http://cct.gov.za/juf60 http://cct.gov.za/99c1r http://cct.gov.za/inpx2 http://cct.gov.za/iwc7p
ENKOSI DANKIE THANK YOU
PANEL DISCUSSION Nokuzola Mhlungu Dylan Furst Adli Salie Shaun Laisai
ENKOSI DANKIE THANK YOU