DRR initiatives in Southern Africa & Indian Ocean region Addis May 2011 Borja Cuervo 1
DIPECHO programme Created in 1996 in the context of UN International Decade for prevention of natural disasters Focus on preparedness and small-scale mitigation work: Community-based approach is central to the strategy but also contributes to regional/international DR promotion DIPECHO now covers 7 regions considered most vulnerable to natural disasters: the Caribbean, Central America, South America, Central Asia, South Asia, South East Asia and South East Africa and South West Indian Ocean
DIPECHO programme (2) Focus on the remote and most vulnerable groups in high-risk areas not necessarily considered a priority for other stakeholders Post crisis contexts where the population is more receptive to risk reduction measures Create awareness, provide trainings and build local capacities Short-term (15 months max timeframe) Community-based + strong local ownership Participative definition of strategies and geographical priority areas by stakeholders (civil protection agencies, line ministries, RC, beneficiaries, scientific institutions, UN, civil society, INGOs) at National/Regional Consultative Meetings (N/RCMs)
Disasters context in SA & IO 4 countries: Comoros, Malawi, Madagascar and Mozambique 1 st DIPECHO Action Plan 2008 2010. 2 nd DIPECHO Action Plan 2010 2011 + FS/DRR 2010-2011 Main hazards in the region: floods, flash floods, cyclones, seismic activity, dry spells ECHO strategy so far focuses on: Mozambique: floods, cyclones, earthquakes. Dry spells as contextual Malawi: floods, flash floods. Dry spells as contextual Madagascar: cyclones, floods, flash floods Comoros: volcano eruptions, flash floods
Numbers DIPECHO I 2008-2010 DIP II + FS/DRR 2010-2011 TOTAL 2008-2011 budget grants budget grants budget grants Comoros 346,397 1 387,883 1 734,280 2 Madagascar 2,134,701 6 4,070,220 10 6,204,921 16 Malawi 690,791 3 1,860,469 6 2,551,260 9 Mozambique 2,020,454 6 1,508,456 5 3,528,910 11 Region 376,000 1 3,058,406 4 3,434,406 5 TOTAL 5,568,343 17 10,885,434 26 16,453,777 43 5
Geographical coverage 2010-2011 6
Basic concepts DISASTER!! + VULNERABILITY HUMAN LIVES H.H. ASSETS & LIVELIHOODS COPING MECHANISMS
Vulnerabilities Context: high level of poverty, Poor governance high HIV/AIDS prevalence Demographic explosion vs. constrained natural resources Climate change? Environmental degradation Poor Disaster Preparedness: DP understood as a pattern of reception of external support than of taking proactive measures development actors do not address DP needs at community level
How to strengthen coping mechanisms HUMAN LIVES 1.Institutional and community organization - emergency health teams & mobile clinics (MdM) - risk management groups integrated within national civil protection agencies (GOAL, etc ) and working on relief operations (CARE Fr, MdM Binguiza 2011) 2. Risk contingency planning - P-GIS (COOPI reg.) - management of stock-piling of meds, etc (COOPI, GAA)
How to strengthen coping mechanisms HUMAN LIVES 3. Early Warning Systems - traditional healers contributing to MoH epidemiological surveillance (MdM) - hazard - floods, cyclones - warning systems (Medair, Christian Aid, Oikos ) - collaboration between district civil protection agencies of neighboring countries (GOAL) 4. Adapting infrastructures - community shelters (UNHABITAT, CARE FR) - protection of wells (Oikos) - evacuation routes + footbridges (Medair)
How to strengthen coping mechanisms HUMAN LIVES 5. Adaptation to changing environment - minimizing conflicts btw humans & wildlife (COOPI) - Reforestation: - wind barriers - mangroves, consolidation of dunes: CARE FR - river banks: GOAL - protecting coral reefs (wave barriers): Oikos
How to strengthen coping mechanisms HOUSEHOLD ASSETS & LIVELIHOODS 6. Adapting infrastructures - hazard-proof houses (UNHABITAT, Medair) - food/seed hazard-proof silos (Oikos, COOPI, CARE FR) 7. Promoting hazard-adapted crops (FAO) - flood-resistant crops (inyame): CARE FR - drought & flash floods resistant crops (millet): GOAL - short-cycle crops: maize (Oikos), rice (ICCO, CARE FR)
How to strengthen coping mechanisms HOUSEHOLD ASSETS & LIVELIHOODS 8. Fostering community self-recovery (FAO) - selection and safe storage of seeds - community seed banks 9. Increasing economic resilience - raising productivity/m2: conservation agriculture showing comparative advantages of different techniques - doubling number of harvests/year: irrigation
Lessons Learned on going process - National Consultative Meetings (Mozambique, Malawi, Comoros and Madagascar) to feed into DIPECHO action plan to define geo areas and strategies based on LL from previous action plan: - FS (livelihoods)/drr program: outcome of lessons learned from DIPECHO I
Lessons Learned on going process (2) - DIPECHO II Coordination, Learning and Sharing Platform (CLaSP): Tool for evaluating impact and effectiveness of DRR interventions Exchange and compilation on 2 issues: - setting local risk management committees - low-cost cyclone-proof construction techniques: CARE & UNHABITAT
The big? s - Many of DRR pilot activities cannot be consolidated within 12/15 months timeframe (LRMC s, reforestation ) - Underlying issues (high population, complex livelihoods, environment management ) remain untouched: lack of right partners, short timeframe of intervention, limited budgets
Way forward Consultancy to assess ECHO DRR strategy in the region + workshop to discuss outcomes: - Partner s advocacy and fundraising strategies -- Effectiveness of pilot initiatives; recommendations to select those to consolidate in DIPECHO III -- same areas of intervention -- less external inputs; appropriation by beneficiaries and local authorities(coaching)
Links with development Twofold approach (on-going): - Development donors to scale-up ECHOsupported solutions with long-term funding - Governments of recipient countries to incorporate ECHO-supported solutions into national policies ( CSP, budget support)
Links with development HOW?? - Networking with donors and civil protection authorities: - websites: FAO: http://www.disasterriskreduction.net/southern_africa COOPI: http://www.gi4drr.org/ CARE reg: http://www.drrlearningpoint.org/ - workshops and donor/national authorities field visits - worthwhile publications
Links with development HOW (X2)?? Fundraising: - Evidence-based advocacy (robust indicators, strong M&E system - FAO, case-studies on DRR-efficiency CARE reg) - support to development of partner s fundraising strategies (CARE reg) - Elaboration of proposals, a DIPECHO indicator: - feasibility study to prepare a proposal to WB for the creation of a Regional Centre for Disaster Mitigation and Sustainable Reconstruction (DIMSUR UNHABITAT) - regional proposal for FS/DRR (FAO)
Links with development Outcomes so far: 3 proposals submitted by FAO regional office: 1 x FSTP: Madagascar, Malawi, South Africa and Zimbabwe 2 x OFDA: Zambezi River Valley; Malawi, Madagascar and Mozambique 1 proposal submitted by FAO Madagascar office to OFDA: East Madagascar
Links with development Donor programs: DFID (+IA, Norway): Enhancing Community Resistance Programme Malawi 16.5m. 5.5 years EU Delegation in Malawi negotiates to include ECHO FS/DRR approach in CSP for 11 th EDF to support Ministry of Agriculture
THANKS FOR YOUR COMMENTS AND QUESTIONS!!
Hyogo Framework for Action priorities indicators on ECHO DRR grant agreements HFA P1: Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation long-term fundraising (sustainability/ exit strategy) long-term fundraising (sustainability/ exit strategy) DRR included in humanitarian, infrastructure, settlement and environmental protection programmes of District Development Plan Increase in allocation of Local Development Fund and private sector ( social responsibility) spent on small scale infrastructure in target communities HFA P2: Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning 2.1) Meteorological Services Department and the Water Department EWS are able to document rainfall and river water data using information gathered from the target district 2.2) Existence and effectiveness of National Disaster Preparedness Networks in Comoros, Madagascar, Malawi and Mozambique; harmonized and interlinked early warning systems HFA P3: Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels safe school HFA P4: Reduce the underlying risk factors construction construction food security food security 3.1) X% of population from project implementaiton areas have changed their attitudes, behaviours and practices regarding natural hazards due to project's IEC (measured through KAP surveys, focus groups and in-depth interviews - against baseline) 3.2) % of schoolteachers having followed training on DRR include this component into school curricula. 4.3) At least 1/3 of hazards protection/mitigation structures identified through Participatory Rural Assessments will be undertaken by the targeted communities with their own means. 4.6) 100% of local administration from project's implementation areas allocates funds in the year budget to maintain hazards mitigation structures (community shelters, protective dikes, etc) 4.9) Reduced need for external direct food aid in the areas of intervention (measured through Food Security assessments made by FEWSNET, VACs, FAO, WFP, UNICEF, EU-FAO (Food security country briefs) 4.12) At least X number of households are able to plant again within 3 weeks in case of passage of a cyclone.