Building National Resilience in the Context of Recovery from Thailand Flood 2011 Ladawan Kumpa Deputy Secretary General Office of National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) United Nations Conference Centre 27 November 2013
Presentation Outline Causes and Impacts of Flood Flooded areas 2011 Rationales in Solving Flood Problems Flood Recovery Mechanisms Flood and Water Management Scheme Next Steps Source: HAII 2
Causes and Impacts of Flood 3 2011 Unusually High Accumulated Rainfall The accumulated precipitation from January to October 2011 was 35% higher than average as a consequence of La Niña, which brought five heavy tropical storms and monsoons. Consequently, the peak flows of rivers exceeded their capacity Source: www.thaiwater.net 67 out of 77 provinces were affected. 3.8 million people were suffered. 4.5 million acres of agricultural land and 7 industrial estates were flooded.
Flood Impact on 2011 GDP (Million Baht) Sectors Impact on GDP Current Prices Impact on GDP Constant Prices 1. Agriculture 28,927 7,336 - Crops 27,191 6,440 - Livestock 823 420 - Fishery 913 476 2. Manufacturing 158,727 77,456 3. Wholesale and Retail Trade 49,894 23,034 4. Public Utility 604 421 5. Tourism 10,234 3,696 6. Total Impacts (sum of 1-5) 7. Impact on GDP (%) 248,386 111,942 2.3 Source: NESDB GDP Quarter 4 2011 Report Economic damages resulted in 111,942 million baht (or 2.3%) decrease in GDP at constant prices. In the fourth quarter of 2011, Thai economy contracted by 9.0 percent compared to a 3.7% rise in the third quarter. Source: * Projection by NESDB 4
Obstacles in Water Management Prior to 2011 Flood Management Issues Incoherence of more than 30 agencies concerned with water management Physical Issues Degradation of watershed forests Lack of long term plan and financial support Encroached or deteriorated waterways Scattered and insufficient data on water resources Insufficient infrastructure and equipments for water control
Rationales in Solving Flood Problems 6 The government s framework to cope with the aftermath of flood and preventing future floods: Immediate Phase Short Term Phase Long Term Phase Relief ongoing floods Assist flood victims to regain their livelihoods Repair damaged infrastructure Recover economic stability and confidence of population and investors Prevent losses and damages from possible floods in 2012 Reform flood management system to enhance unity and integration Improve capacity of flood control and warning systems
Flood Recovery Mechanisms 7 Cabinet The Flood Relief Operation Centre (FROC) Flood Recovery and Restoration Committee Strategic Committee for Reconstruction and Future Development (SCRFD) Co -operate Support Economy, Industry and Livelihood Quality of life Infrastructure Strategic Committee for Water Resources Management (SCWRM) Implement Water and Flood Management Commission (WFMC) Immediate Phase Short Term Phase Long Term Phase
Single Command Authority for Water Management 8 Strategic Committee for Water Resources Management :SCWRM Advise Roles/ Responsibilities 1) Specify policy and action plan on water resources management, prevent and resolve national flood disaster 2) Provide recommendation to the Cabinet on flood prevention and mitigation system / budget in the important areas Roles/ Responsibilities 1)Formulate water resources management action plan according to WFPC s specification 2)Specify methodology for concerned agencies on water resources management action plan 3)Approve project/ program and source of financing 4)Command and monitor concerned agencies on implementation of action plan Roles/ Responsibilities 1)Analyze data/information from concerned agencies and provide the recommendations to the WFMP and WFMC 2)Coordinate/manage action plan according to WFMC s command 3)Command, control, and give the advise to concerned agencies
Budget Spending on Immediate Measures 5.27% Reconstruction of Damaged Public Schools (6,328.9088 Million Baht) 6.65% 65% Reconstruction of Damaged Government Buildings (7,982.5387 Million Baht) 4.08% Provision of Flood Control Equipments (4,898.7242 Million Baht) 21.26% Reconstruction of Damaged Water Infrastructure (25,509.44 Million Baht) 22.49% 2.33% Reconstruction of Damaged Religious Places, Historical Sites, and Tourism Spots (2,796.9273 Million Baht) 37.51% Reconstruction of Damaged Transportation Infrastructure (26,986.96 Million Baht) 0.39% Other Subsidies 472.2987 Million Baht Emergency subsidies for flood victims (45,011.92 Million Baht) The government spent 120 billion baht in total on Immediate Measures Source: Office of the National Water and Flood Management Committee 9
Budget Spending on Short-term Measures The cabinet approved 35,661 million baht on short-term measures. (519.22 Million Baht) (10,938.17 Million Baht) (24,203.72 Million Baht) Source: Public Debt Management Office 10
Conceptual Framework in Preventing Future Floods 11 1 2 Royal Rain: Drought solution Forest: Water restoration 3 Check dam: Water retarding 4 Vetiver Grass : Land slide prevention 5 Reservoir : Water restoration at hill base King s initiatives regarding water management 6 Dam : Water restoration 7 New Theory Agriculture 9 11 Dike chaipattana-water-turbine 8 Flood retention areas 10 12 Flood way Mangrove
Long-term Flood Recovery and Prevention Plan Strategic Committee for Reconstruction and Future Development (SCRFD) Strategic Committee for Water Resources Management (SCWRM) 5 Strategies for Reconstruction and Future Development 1. Water Resource Management 2. Restructuring of the production & service sectors Less exposed to natural disasters and crises. Enhance competitiveness to higher value added stage Master Plan for Water Resource Management 1. Restoration and conservation of forest and ecosystem 2. Management of major water reservoirs and formulation of water management 3. Development strategy for new economic areas 3. Restoration and efficiency improvement of Distribution of economic development (country and regional) current and planned physical structures Develop economic corridor at sub-regional level Create a development cluster with neighboring countries and South 4. Information warehouse and forecasting & East Asia Region disaster warning system Develop border economic zones and border towns 5. Response measures for specific areas Enhance connectivity with neighboring countries 6. Selecting water retarding areas and 4. Infrastructure development (2012 2020) recovery measures Enhance current transport network (land, air and marine) 7. Improving water management institutions Enhance country energy security Telecommunication infrastructure 8. Create understanding, acceptance, and Upgrade current basic utilities to improve quality of life participation for large scale flood Preparation for World Expo 2020 management from all stakeholders 5. Insurance system development Create confidence in and awareness about insurance system Water and Flood Management Ensure standards and protection for insurers in all sectors Commission (WFMC) Reform rules and regulation of insurance system Set up an Natural Disasters Insurance Fund 9 Modules on Flood and Water Management Scheme 12
9 Modules on Flood and Water Management Scheme (285 billion baht) Modules Amount Chao Phraya River Basin (Package A) Reservoir construction A1 Construct reservoirs with total storage of 1,750 million m 3 48,551 Land utilization planning and flood protection system Develop land-use plans in 25 river basins Construct flood protection system in community and Temporary economic areas flood retention areas Convert irrigation areas below Nakhon Sawan Province into flood retention areas with total storage of 3,000 million m Waterways 3 improvement Improve waterways of main rivers by dredging and strengthening levees Flood-diversion channels construction Construct flood-diversion channels from Nakhon Sawan Province to the Gulf of Thailand on the left and right sides of Chao Phraya River with total discharge capacity of 1,500 m 3 per second Data management and warning systems Create Single Command Center and centralized data management and warning system A2 24,958 A3 9,864 A4 16,703 A5 150,485 A6&B4 3,902 Amount Other 17 basins (Package B) B1 11,700 B2 13,657 - B3 4,936 - (million Baht) 13
14 Next Steps To get perfect implementation, following steps will be taken: Organize public hearings on the Master Plan for Water Resource Management and Flood and the Water Management Scheme within 3 months (Oct Dec 2013) by the Prime Minister's Office, as assigned by the cabinet, to ensure better understanding and coordination from the public Conduct EIA or EHIA in cases of large-scaled projects or projects which may cause serious effects on the environment and communities to meet the law requirements Set up efficient monitoring system with cooperation from Project Management and Engineering Consultant (PMEC) and Project Supervision Consultant (PSC) to guarantee the successful project implementation
15 Public Hearings in Progress Angthong 28 Oct 2013 Suphanburi 8 Nov 2013
16 Pathumthani 13 Nov 2013 Public Hearings in Progress (Cont d) Samutprakarn 18 Nov 2013
Thank You
BACK UP
Module A1 19
Module A2 20
Module A3 21
Module A4 22
Module A5 23
Module A6 & B4 24 Simulation and Decision Support Single Command Center Concerned Agencies Data Center Mirror Site Sensing and Information
Module B1 25
Module B2 26
Module B3 27