Please add relevant logo here The Confluence of Resiliency and Sustainability: Timber's Role in Modern Urbanization Terry Pattillo, AIA Regional Director WoodWorks AIA Convention, NYC June 22, 2018 Framework, Portland, OR, Image: Lever Architecture Photo: Alex Schreyer
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Course Description Due to their high strength, dimensional stability and positive environmental performance, mass timber building products are quickly becoming materials of choice for sustainably-minded designers. This presentation will provide an overview of the variety of mass timber products available, including glue-laminated timber (glulam), cross laminated timber (CLT) and nail laminated timber (NLT), with an emphasis on their resilience. Applications for their use in systems such as seismic post-tensioned, self-centering rocking walls; tornado and blast-resistant structures; hurricane and high wind-resisting systems; and fire and life safety elements will be highlighted. The environmental performance of these systems will also be reviewed, utilizing life cycle analysis (LCA) data to compare to other building systems.
Learning Objectives 1. Identify mass timber products available in North America and consider how they can be used under current building codes and standards. 2. Review completed mass timber projects that demonstrate a range of applications and system configurations. 3. Discuss benefits of using mass timber products, including structural versatility, prefabrication, lighter carbon footprint, and reduced labor costs. 4. Highlight possibilities for the expanded use and application of mass timber in larger and taller buildings.
Urban Construction Growth Global Population 7.3 billion now 9.7 billion by 2050 33% increase Urban Population 6.4 billion by 2050 62% increase Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Construction Traffic Material Stockpiles Noise Labor Costs Labor Availability Weather Risks Resiliency Sustainability Fire & Life Safety
Urban Construction Growth
mass timber
Mass timber is a category of framing Mass timber What is it? styles often using small wood members formed into large panelized solid wood construction including CLT, NLT or glulam panels for floor, roof and wall framing
Building frame systems Post and Beam Light Frame Mass Timber
Nail-Laminated Timber (NLT) Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Mass timber products horizontal framing Glue-Laminated Timber (GLT) Tongue & groove decking (T&G) Timber concrete composite Structural composite Lumber Image source: structurecraft
Mass timber products glulam Photo Credit: alex schreyer
Mass timber products glulam Glulam = a structural composite of lumber and adhesives Recognized in IBC 2303.1.3 using ANSI/AITC A 190.1 and ASTM D 3737 Can be used for floor, roof purlins, beams, arches, columns
Mass timber products Glue-laminated timber (glt) panels Photo credit: Structure Fusion Photo credit: unalam
Lemay america auto musuem Photo Credit: western wood structures 104 Span Glulam Arches Glulam purlins @ 4 o.c
The Cathedral of Christ The Light, Oakland, CA Photo: Timothy Hursley, Cesar Rubio, and John Blaustein
Buffalo Harbor Center Rink 1, Buffalo, NY Photo: Harborcenter.com
Photo credit: structurecraft Nail Laminated Timber
Nail-laminated timber (nlt) = a structural panel of square-edged dimensional lumber laminations (usually 2x) set on edge and nailed wide face together Recognized in IBC 2304.8.3 (mechanically laminated decking) Nds 15.1.1 provides distribution factors for concentrated loads Can be used for floor, roof decking. Occasionally used for shaft walls Mass timber products Nail-laminated timber (NLT) panels
Mass timber products Nail-laminated timber (NLT) panels Content includes: Architecture Fire Structure Enclosure Supply and Fabrication Construction and Installation Erection engineering https://www.rethinkwood.com/webform/download-nlt-handbook
Photo Credit: bullitt center Bullitt center Seattle, wa
Bullitt center Seattle, wa Photo Credit: John Stamets Nail-Laminated Timber Decks Provide: Maximized Spans, Reduced Number of Columns, More Open Space Flexibility, Minimized Structure Depth
Mass timber products Cross-laminated timber (clt)
What is clt? Solid wood panel 3 layers min. of solid sawn lams 90 deg. cross-lams Similar to plywood sheathing Mass timber products Cross-laminated timber (clt) Major Axis 4 1/8 to 19 1/2 10 X40 8 X64 Minor Axis
Washington Latin Public Charter School Gym Washington, DC 11,266 SF Gym addition 3-PLY CLT Wall and Roof Panels 75 ft span glulam roof beams Completed 2016 Image Credit: KLH USA
In 2015 IBC, CLT is now defined in Chapter 2 Definitions: Mass timber products Cross-laminated timber (clt) And is referenced in Chapter 23:
1. Introduction 2. 3. Manufacturing Structural 4. Lateral 5. Connections 6. DOL and Creep 7. Vibration 8. Fire 9. Sound 10. Enclosure 11. Environmental 12. Lifting Mass timber products Cross-laminated timber (clt) www.rethinkwood.com Photo Credit: David Sundberg and Gray Organschi Architecture
Image Credit: Alex Schreyer Umass design building Amherst, ma
Umass design building Amherst, ma completed Spring 2017 Photo Credit: alex schreyer
Umass design building Amherst, ma completed Spring 2017 Photo Credit: alex schreyer
Photo Credit: fp innovations Fire resistance
Source: Aitc Mass timber design Fire resistance
Mass timber design Fire resistance Similar to heavy timber, mass timber products have inherent fire resistance properties Source: AWC s TR 10
Mass timber design Fire resistance For Exposed Wood Members: IBC 722.1 References AWC s NDS Chapter 16 (AWC s TR 10 is a design aid to NDS Chapter 16)
Many successful clt fire tests have been conducted, both with and without gypsum board protection Mass timber design Fire resistance Contact WoodWorks for information
TALL WOOD IN THE U.S.
» Current Code Limit 6 stories or 85 feet» Over 6 Stories - Alternate Means and Methods Request (AMMR)» But first, tall wood is not something new in the U.S.
HISTORIC TALL WOOD 9 STORIES IN 1906 Butler Brothers Building 500,000 sf Minneapolis, MN
MODERN TALL WOOD 7 STORIES IN 2016 Image: Michael Green Architects/Hines Group T3 Office Building 230,000 sf Minneapolis, MN
Image Credit: Ema Peter t3 minneapolis Minneapolis, mn
MODERN TALL WOOD 8 STORIES IN 2017 Photos: Baumberger Studio/PATH Architecture/Marcus Kauffman Carbon 12 32,000 sf Portland, OR
MODERN TALL WOOD 12 STORIES IN 2018 Images: Lever Architecture Framework 90,000 sf Portland, OR
U.S. BUILDING CODE STATUS
U.S. BUILDING CODES DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGES Objective: Submission of code changes for the 2018 Group A Cycle (IBC) in January 2018 changes for 2021 IBC
U.S. BUILDING CODES DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGES Testing & research aiding ad hoc efforts in development of code change proposals for prescriptive code allowances of tall wood buildings Mass Timber Fire Testing at ATF Lab Beam to Column Seismic Testing
Mass timber appeal
Mass timber appeal Primary drivers Construction speed & efficiency Construction site constraints urban infill Innovation/aesthetic Secondary drivers Carbon reductions Structural performance light weight
Mass timber appeal Reduced construction time 1 Floor = 3 Days 17 Floors Erected in 9.5 Weeks
Mass timber appeal Material mass 75% lighter weight than concrete
Mass timber elements fabricated to tight tolerances (1/16 is common) Mass timber appeal Prefabricated and precise Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) connections Photo credit: naturally wood
Mass timber appeal Minimal waste
75-95% Waste Reduction
CLT has an R-value of approximately 1.25 per inch of thickness. Source: US CLT Handbook Mass timber appeal Energy efficient
Reduced Embodied Carbon Mass timber appeal Reduced embodied carbon from one school
Mass timber appeal Disaster resilient Usfpl wood tornado shelter
Live blast performance of mass timber Mass timber appeal Disaster resilient
Government/Military Markets Base construction requires labor to pass a background check Labor rates are prevailing wage Many military base sites are infill sites requiring minimum stand off distances Growing trend in government owned projects entering privatized agreements for development
Government Agencies Recognize the Value
Live Blast Test Test Plan Overview Site Layout Test 1: µ 1 for Grade V1/V4 structures Test 2: µ 1 for Grade E1 structure Test 3: µ 2 for Grade E1 structure Based on ultimate resistance defined by PRG-320. (E) 8 Concrete Slab Grade E1 Structure Grade V1 Structure Grade V4 Structure
Live Blast Test Construction Total Construction Time = less than 8 days Including delays 2 days to set foundation anchorage.
Blast Testing Test 3 HD Normal Speed
Blast Testing Test 3 Cam#1
Conventional Construction Standoff 3-Ply CLT EIFS Cladding (~10 psf) Wall Type Sections Span Min. Static Material Strength EWI Standoff Distance EWII Standoff Distance Reinforced Concrete 6 12 20 3,000 psi 66 16 Reinforced Masonry 8 12 10 14 1,500 psi 86 30 CLT EIFS 3-ply 10 12 Grade E1 120 50 CLT EIFS 3-ply 10 12 Grade V4 250 95 CLT EIFS 3-ply 10 12 Grade V1 250 100 Steel Studs EIFS 600S162-43; 600S162-54; 600S162-68 8 12 50,000 psi 361 151
Conventional Construction Standoff 3-Ply CLT Brick Veneer Cladding (~44 psf) Wall Type Sections Span Min. Static Material Strength EWI Standoff Distance EWII Standoff Distance Reinforced Concrete 6 12 20 3,000 psi 66 16 CLT Brick Veneer 3-ply 10 12 Grade E1 75 25 Reinforced Masonry 8 12 10 14 1,500 psi 86 30 CLT Brick Veneer 3-ply 10 12 Grade V4 150 45 CLT Brick Veneer 3-ply 10 12 Grade V1 155 55 Steel Studs Brick Veneer 600S162-43; 600S162-54; 600S162-68 8 12 50,000 psi 187 75
Force Protection Ballistics
Ballistics Testing Georgia Tech Target Conducted summer 2016 & 2017 at two Army research facilities Investigated a variety of striking velocities Gathered data on residual velocity for perforations or depth of penetration Examined two different species of wood (SPF-S and SYP) US Army Engineering Research & Development Center Army Research Laboratory
Ballistics Testing Georgia Tech Micro-computerized tomography (CT) scan shows projectile path (nondestructive imagery technique) Cut out cross-section of projectile path demonstrates localized damage caused by projectile Visible cross-lamination influence How much energy is absorbed? Micro-CT scans of embedded projectile path Cross-section of complete penetration projectile path
Has it been done?
Candlewood suites Redstone arsenal, al Image Credit: IHG Army Hotels, Lendlease
Image Credit: Lend Lease & schaefer Candlewood suites Redstone arsenal, al
Image Credit: Lend Lease & schaefer 62,600 sf, 4 story hotel, 92 private rooms CLT utilized for walls, roof panels, and floor panels 1,557 CLT Panels; Typical floor panel is 8 x50 & weighs 8,000 lbs Completed Late 2015 Candlewood suites Redstone arsenal, al
37% Compared to typical light gauge steel construction 43%
Questions? This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Terry Pattillo Regional Director DC, DE, MD, NJ, OH, PA, WV, VA WoodWorks terrp@woodworks.org (919) 995-6672 Photo Credit: tom harris
Copyright Materials This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. The Wood Products Council 2018