Enhanced Fertilizer Efficiency - Fertilizer Products - Adrian Johnston, VP Asia & Oceania Adrian Johnston, VP Asia & Oceania Saskatoon, CANADA
IPNI Mission to develop and promote scientific information about the responsible management of plant nutrition for the benefit of the human family.
Nutrient Management -Efficiency cy of nutrient t use -reducing losses - environmental -Increasing efficiency profitability to farmers -Nutrients role in food production
Food Security Issue mption consu % of 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Ending stocks 1998 2008 y = 1.80x + 3621 r² = 093 0.93 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 USDA-FAS, 12/2007 Year (2008 =2008/09) Role of plant nutrition in food security
IFPRI 2009 Global Hunger Index By Severity Fertilizers account for 40-60% of current global l food production a major contribution tib ti to society
Fertilizer Consumption in Canada 2008-09 fertilizer year (2009 growing season) 2500 roduct 0 000 met tric tonn nes 2000 1500 1000 500 Prairie Canada P 0 Canadian Fertilizer Institute, 2009
Fluid Market vs Total Canadian Market 2006 crop year 3.5 Nutr rient 000 0 metric tonnes 3 2.5 2 15 1.5 1 0.5 0 22% 10% Total Fluid Nitrogen Phosphorus Canadian Fertilizer Institute, 2007
FINE-TUNING N FERTILIZER RATES FOR SPRING CROPS IN WESTERN CANADA Chris Holzapfel, MSc, PAg Indian Head Agricultural Research Foundation January 12-13, 2010 Bayer CropScience Information Theatre Western Canadian Crop Production Show Prairieland Park, Saskatoon, SK 9
On-Farm Trials Treatments Treatment N applied (% recommended) Seeding Post- emergent Farmer Practice 100% 0% Split App. / Fixed Rate VRA w/ GreenSeeker 66% 34% 66% VRA N-Rich 150% 0% Nov 17-18, 2009 Bayer CropScience Information Theatre Western Canadian Crop Production Show Prairieland Park, Saskatoon, SK 10
Treatment Farmer Practice 65 Split/Fix 65 VRA/GreenSeeker 61 N-Rich Strip Spring Wheat Locations / Years BA2005 VS2005 BA2006 RE2006 RP2006 Total N Applied (lb/ac) 65 82 50 75 109 65 82 50 75 109 61 62 43 61 96 Rich Strip - 123 69 112 165 Farmer Practice Split/Fix VRA/GreenSeeker 49ab 52a 47b 41a 45a 41a Rich Strip - 37a N-Rich Strip Grain Yield (bus/ac) 58ab 55c 56bc 60a 54a 53a 52a 52a 38b 42a 40ab 43ab Nov 17-18, 2009 Bayer CropScience Information Theatre Western Canadian Crop Production Show Prairieland Park, Saskatoon, SK 11
Treatment BA05 Farmer Practice 75 Split/Fix 75 VRA/GreenSeeker 69 N-Rich Strip 111 Farmer Practice Split/Fix VRA/GreenSeeker N-Rich Strip Canola Locations / Years NH05 VS05 BA06 Total N Applied (lb/ac) KS06 75 90 109 75 70 75 90 109 75 70 69 81 85 68 80 111 134 163 101 122 Grain Yield (bus/ac) 38b 42a 42a 40ab 56a 55a 54a 60a 30c 35a 33b 34ab 36ab 35b 33b 38a 35b 36ab 34b 38a Nov 17-18, 2009 Bayer CropScience Information Theatre Western Canadian Crop Production Show Prairieland Park, Saskatoon, SK 12
Challenges in N Management with No-Till Biggest challenge is the surface accumulated crop residues challenge for broadcast application. In soil banding has overcome this problem in most areas, where it is an option to the farmer. Where N is broadcast on the surface of fields, effortstoavoid to losses become critical to improved efficiency ofn N.
1. Synthetic organic compounds containing N urea formaldehydes, IBDU, triazines, etc. 2. Physical coating or barrier around soluble N fertilizer Sulfur coated or polymer coated urea. 3. Stabilized bl materials urease and nitrification inhibitors
Urease Inhibition CO(NH 2 ) 2 + H + + H 2 O 2NH + 4 + HCO - urease 3 NH + + + 4 NH 3 H Interfere with the process of urea hydrolysis Slower conversion of urea to ammoniacal N can reduce NH 3 volatilization Catherine J. Watson, Queen s University of Belfast, 2005
Nitrification a natural process in soils + - - Nitrosomonas Nitrobacter NH 4 NO 2 NO 3 Nitrification inhibitors interfere with activity of Nitrosomonas bacteria, slowing the nitrification process Leaves more N in ammoniacal form, thus reducing the chance of leaching and denitrification
Nitrification inhibitors Common name Nitrapyrin Chemical Brand name Inhibition N 2 O reduction 2-chloro-6- trichloromethyl N-Serve 82% by day 14 60-93% pyridine DCD Dicyandiamide Guardian 53% by day 14 50-92% DMPP ATS 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole ENTEC 4 weeks + 51% phosphate Ammonium thiosulfate THIO-SUL Some? Wieske, 2006; Frye, 2005; Zerulla et al., 2001
Ammonia Losses Gerang Gerung Winter 2007 Cumulative ammonia loss from application after application of 80 kg N/ha as granular urea (U) and Agrotain Urea (GU) on 31 July 2007 at Gerang Gerung, Wimmera; (24 days after fertiliser application). 8 U GU 6 4 2 0 * 31/07 4/08 8/08 12/08 16/08 20/08 24/08 * 5 mm rainfall event on 12/08 Source, Deb Turner, UoM
Polymer coated urea Major factors affecting release coating thickness temperature moisture
100 Water Release Profiles at Constant Temperature d 80 Rele ease % N 60 40 20 0 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 Time (days) 5 C 10 C 23 C
Yield Response for ESN over Urea vs. Rainfall for CT, 2003-0505 Yield Respon nse (b bu/ac) 25 15 5-5 -15 Individual site-years 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Growing Season Precipitation (in) Yield response is average ESN yield minus average urea yield Yield response is average ESN yield minus average urea yield. Source: Dr. Steve Ebelhar, Univ of Illinois
Corn Response to ESN 100 Relative e Corn Yield (% of maximu um) 90 80 70 60 50 ESN produced plateau yield of urea & UAN (93.1%) at 118 lbs N/acre (vs 200) Plateau yield of ESN (97.4%) at 187 lbs N/ac 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 N Rate (lbs/ac)
AVAIL Phosphate Enhancer A polymer is applied to surface of dry P fertilizer or mixed with liquid fertilizer solutions
Avail Mode of Action Di carboxylic Acids Maleic and Itaconic Highly Negative Charged materials (1800 meq/100 gms) Decrease crystalline structure negating precipitates being y g gp p g formed
Avail-Treated Phosphate Root Interception Phosphorus h only gets into the plant when the root contacts the phosphorus
Avail Effects on Corn Grain Yield 2001-2003 2003 Kansas 14 t/ha Grain Yield, 13 12 11 10 9 9.6 12 10.8 12.4 11.4 12.8 11.6 Avail MAP 8 0 22 45 67 P 2 O 5, kg/ha Barney Gordon, KSU
Western Australia Pot Study - Avail Greenhouse pot study Wheat plants grown Harvested 50 days after planting Shoot weight and P uptake evaluated Adding Avail improved shoot weight and P uptake for wheat that received 6 kg P/ha, while no effect with 12 or 24 kg P/ha. Similar results to western Canada, where responses have been negligible. Under field experiments in SE and western Australia across a range of soil types. Likely to be of more value on alkaline rather than acidic soils?
Mosaic s MicroEssentials Products
MES Studies in Victoria i MES 10 compared to MAP gave a yield advantage in 2 of 8 sites where significant P responses were recorded (Table 2). 5 out of 9 trials show improvements over MAP. These results indicate S deficiencies i i in the farming system which had previously been overlooked. Similar results in western Canada have been recorded in wheat systems, and the product is commonly used to meet S deficiencies in canola production. MES 10Z use on eroded soils in western Canada has been effective in significantly increasing wheat yields, once P deficiency is also addressed.
Nutrient t Stewardship on the Farm
4R Nutrient Stewardship Right Source @ Right Rate, Right Time & Right Place Linking practices to science for sustainability performance
The basic scientific principles p of managing crop nutrients are universal 1. Supply in plant available forms 2. Suit soil properties 3. Recognize synergisms among elements 4. Blend compatibility Driver: Handling by farmers 1. Appropriately assess soil nutrient supply 2. Assess all available indigenous nutrient sources 3. Assess plant demand 4. Predict fertilizer use efficiency Driver: Productivity and quality 1. Assess timing of crop uptake 2. Assess dynamics of soil nutrient supply 3. Recognize timing of weather factors 4. Evaluate logistics of operations Driver: Economics & risk 1. Recognize root-soil dynamics 2. Manage spatial variability 3. Fit needs of tillage system 4. Limit potential off-field transport Driver: Efficiency
Summary Several new fertilizer products have been introduced with theprimary purposeofincreasing of fertilizer useefficiency efficiency. Farmers and advisors need to understand that these technologies have specific application, i which h can only be assessed in your local environment (on farm testing). For SE Australian wheat production systems, MAP and Urea remain the dominant product for most farms. 4R Nutrient Stewardship presents a unique opportunity to assesstheeconomic economic, ecological and social impacts of nutrients in society.
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