ARK Power Dynamics
The ARK Reformer Waste is a Resource in the Wrong Place. Input: Output: Animal Litter Solid Waste Synthetic Crude Oil Synthesis Gas (SynGas) Fertilizer Biomass Waste to Fuel
ARK Produces Synthetic Crude Oil Hydrocarbons Aliphatic Paraffins Aromatics Specialty Chemicals Fuel Fuel & Oil additives ARK Synthetic Crude contains NO SULFUR
SynGas Output Comparison Gasifier Mole% ARK Mole% Hydrogen 22.32 47.681 Nitrogen 25.982 Methane 0.905 Carbon Monoxide 40.81 18.350 Ethane 0.182 Water 24.29 0.439 Over 2 Times More Hydrogen Syngas Alternatives: Electrical Power High Value Chemicals via Catalysts or Bio-digesters
SynGas Output High Hydrogen Value Potential Steam & Power Boiler Gas Turbine Syngas Ethanol Wax Power Gen Diesel/Kerosene Fuel Cells Hydrogen Fischer-Tropsch Gasoline Refinery Hydrotreating Transportation Fuels Formaldehyde Methanol Dimethyl Ether Naptha Gasoline Fuel Cells Methyl Acetate Acetic Acid Ethylene Propylene Polyolefins Fertilizer Acetic Anhydride Vinyl Acetate Monomer Ketene Acetic Esters Oxy Chemicals Polyvinyl Acetate Diketeme & Derivatives
The ARK Reformer Configuration based on 10-ton per Day Feedstock 10-Ton Unit Per Day Per Year Synthetic Crude Oil 60 bbl 20,400 bbl Fertilizer Ash ½ ton 100 tons Synthesis Gas ft 3 288,000 ft 3 98,000,000 ft 3 100-ton per Day Oil Farm will produce 204,000 bbl per year @$70 / bbl = $14.3 M per year - generating profit of $9.2 M
ARK Reformer - Dimensions Compact & Mobile 7 12 Designed to fit a standard transport container. 8
Background Max Efficiency ARK is a Reformer Reforming is not Gasification, and not Incineration. Reforming: an internally generated high-energy sustained reaction zone converting feed stocks into their simplest molecules - hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other compounds forming a synthetic gaseous mixture used to generate electricity or produce valuable fuel and chemical by-products. Gasification: an externally generated high-temperature plasma field converting feed stocks into their simplest molecules hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other compounds forming a synthetic gaseous mixture used to generate electricity or produce valuable fuel and chemical byproducts. Incineration: burning of waste in an oxygen-rich environment, where material combusts to produce heat, carbon dioxide, and a variety of other pollutants.
Gasification vs. ARK Reformer Gasifier 1.5 acres ARK Reformer 100 sq. ft. A single 10-ton /day unit will produce more syngas than the traditional gasifier pictured above that produces the equivalent of 10 barrels of oil per day.
Gasification vs. ARK Reformer Gasification Systems are Complex The ARK Reformer is simple Dewatering Process Storage Hoppers Air Emission Control Equipment Feed Hoppers Thermal Dryer Thermal Fluid Loop Heat Exchanger Eliminates the need for: Dewatering / Drying Sub-Systems Pure Oxygen from Air Separation Units Heating Cooling Emission Controls Feedstock must be < 15% Water Feedstock may contain up to 75% Water
Gasifier v. ARK Older Gasification Technology ARK Reformer Oxygen from Air Separation Plant Feed Water Radiant Syngas Cooler Molten Slag to Recovery Dried Feedstock Gasification: Dry feedstock to 15% using large amounts of energy Generate then add Oxygen to fuel pyrolysis Add water to cool output mixtures of syngas Ash is molten and contains noxious chemicals that must be further refined Black Water Recycled @ >900 o F Synthetic Crude Oil Fertilizer Ash Syngas 2-ton per day & 10-ton per day capacity Uses Feedstock w/ up to 75% water No Drying, Heating or Cooling required Room Air (no Oxygen needed) Controlled to lower temperature output No Emissions* * USDA & Dept. of Environmental Quality Tested @ <140 o F
Gasifier v. ARK Output - Gasifier ARK Feedstock H 2 O Limit 15% 75% Pure Oxygen Required Yes No Pressure Very High 600 psi Low 15 psi Output Temperature > 900 o F < 140 o F Explosion Risk Yes No Water Cooling Required Yes No Harmful Emissions Yes No SynGas Hydrogen : CO Ratio 1:2 2:1 Solid Output Molten Slag Fertilizer Synthetic Crude Oil No Liquid Oil w/o Sulfur
Bio-Gasification Comparison Biogasification ARK Capital Cost $ 130,000,000 $ 15,000,000 Ethanol Synthetic Crude Revenue $ 20,000,000 $ 14,300,000* Max Capacity Gallons per Year 8,000,000 8,976,000 Barrels per Year 204,000 Wet Waste Capacity Tons per Day 1,000 100 Wet Waste Efficiency Pounds per Gallon 98.0 7.6 * Revenue at $100 per barrel would be $20,400,000 w/ Additional Syngas & Fertilizer Revenue Potential
Bio-Gasification Comparison Biogasification Site - 51 acres ARK Oil Farm - 10 acres
ARK Reformer Bio-Gasification Comparison
ARK Reformer v. Oil Exploration Exploration & Production APD Oil Farm Land Leases or Royalties yes no Annual Bonuses to Landowners yes no Minimum Drilling Commitments yes no Seismic Data Collection Costs yes no Seismic Data Evaluation Costs yes no Drilling Risk yes no Location Risk yes no Completion Risk yes no Environmental Accident Mitigation Risk High Minimal Dramatically Reduced Off-take Contract Volume Risk no yes
Oilfields Estimated Production Costs Source Costs /bbl ($USD) Mideast/ N. Africa Oilfields 6-28 ARK Reformer Oil Farm 20-25 Other Conventional Oilfields 6-39 CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery 30-80 Deep/Ultra-Deep-Water Oilfields 32-65 Enhanced Oil Recovery 32-82 Arctic Oilfields 32-100 Heavy Oil / Bitumen 32-68 Oil Shales 52-113 Gas to Liquids 38-113 Coal to Liquids 60-113 Reference: International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook 2008 Includes Extraction & Capital Costs.
US Animal Waste The growth of industrial farming has concentrated thousands of animals on increasingly fewer farms resulting in enormous amounts of animal waste on relatively small plots of land. Until now with the ARK Reformer, there has been no safe, cost-effective way to either use animal waste productively or dispose of it without the risk of harming the environment or contaminating the food supply. The ARK Reformer can process feedstock with high water content, and therefore, it is the only cost-effective, nonpolluting, and energy-efficient method of converting the US animal waste problem into not only an extremely profitable business opportunity but also a national strategic resource. ARK - Turning Major Pollution into an Abundant Resource.
Chicken Litter Chicken Houses: 20 to 50 Thousand Chickens 5 to 7 Week Cycle 20 tons of Chicken Litter per Cycle Typical Farm has 10 Chicken Houses
Chicken Production top 10 Chickens (millions) Chicken Litter (millions of tons) Chicken Litter (tons / day) 5% Share Georgia Arkansas Alabama Mississippi North Carolina Texas Kentucky Maryland Virginia South Carolina 2009 ARK Reformer /yr. 1,322 2.6 7,123 356.2 1,051 2.1 5,753 287.5 1,002 2.0 5,479 274.0 5 M Barrels of Oil 18 K Tons Fertilizer 793 1.6 4,384 219.2 760 1.5 4,110 205.5 669 1.3 3,562 178.1 307 0.6 1,644 82.2 292 0.6 1,644 82.2 241 0.5 1,370 68.5 238 0.5 1,370 68.5 36,438 1,822.0
Cattle Animal Waste An average 1,000 pound Cow produces 12 tons of manure per year. Texas Kansas Nebraska California Oklahoma Missouri Iowa South Dakota Wisconsin Colorado Reference: National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) ARK Reformer /yr. 44 M Barrels of Oil 177 K Tons Fertilizer Cattle (000) @66 lbs /day in tons 1% tons /day 13,300 438,900 4,389 6,300 207,900 2,079 6,200 204,600 2,046 5,150 169,950 1,699 5,100 168,300 1,683 3,950 130,350 1,303 3,900 128,700 1,287 3,700 122,100 1,221 3,450 113,850 1,138 2,650 87,450 874 53,700 17,721
Hogs Animal Waste USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) reported over 64,000,000 Hogs in the US in 2012. A Hog Farm with 1,000 pigs produces at least 1-ton of manure per day. Hogs 10% Inventory, March 2012 64 million Hogs Manure Tons Per Year 23,360,000 2,336,000 ARK Reformer Output Potential per year ARK Reformer Output Potential per year Barrels BOE (bbl) 166M bbl 16,600,000 bbl Fertilizer (tons) 64,000 tons 6,400 tons 10% of US Hog Manure = 16.6 M Barrels of Oil / year.
Business Models Design - Build - Own - Operate Reduces Capital & Operational Risk APD Maintains Quality Control Controls IP Owns Asset Performance Contract Predictable Disposal Performance. Reduces Cost Variability Long term Contract Up-side Joint Venture - Build - Operate Joint Venture Partners: Private Local Interests Municipalities Capital Pools Leases Assets for Tax Advantages APD Licenses Technology Long term Operating Contract Municipal Financing Potential Accelerates Commercial Expansion
100 Tons per Day - Ten Acre Configuration
Oil Farm Operations Capital Equipment & Improvements 11 - ARK Reformers 4-250KW Gen Sets 5 - Buildings Storage Maintenance Control Room Weigh Station Blending / Laboratory 8-250,000 gallon Storage Tanks 2 - Forklifts 4 - Tractors 2 - Vans Tools & Spare Parts Infrastructure Material Handling Roads Parking Utilities Personnel 1 Site Chief 1 Admin. & Logistics 1 Quality Engineer 1 Regulatory Affairs 2 Engineer / Mechanic 4 Shift Supervisors 15 Shift Operators* * 3 rd Class Engineer Lic. 10 Safety / Security Officers Operations 24 / 7 / 350 days Security
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