North Carolina Coastal Federation Founded in 1982 Non-Profit 501(c)(3) 10,000 Citizen Members 1,200 Student/Adult Volunteers 150 Affiliated Groups Staff of 19 27 Board Members Education Restoration & Preservation Advocacy 3 Regional Offices
Hierarchy of Erosion Control Options in Era of Increasing Sea Level Rise No Action Relocation of Threatened Structures Non-Structural Stabilization Measures ( Slope Grading, Marsh Creation, Beach fill, Bio- Engineering ) Combination Approaches (Sills, Stone containment cells, breakwaters with plantings) Hardening Structures ( Groins, Revetments, Gabions, Bulkheads
Potential Effects of Bulkheads/Revetments -Wave reflection/increased erosion -Loss of water quality protection/improvements -Interruption of sediment budget -Loss of public trust lands -Loss of intertidal/riparian habitat
Rip-Rap Revetments
Bogue Sound Revetment During Construction - 5/98 Post project 7/99
NO ACTION SETBACKS RELOCATION OF THREATENED STRUCTURES
Marsh Creation/Restoration/ Preservation
Harkers Island Marsh Planting Photos from Steve Broome, NCSU
Beach Fill (Nourishment) Cape Lookout National Seashore
Living Shorelines (Hybrids)- What are they? Living shorelines are a creative approach to protecting estuarine shorelines from erosion, by using bioengineering or engineered structures to also maintain, restore, or enhance the shoreline s natural habitats. (NC DENR) Non-structural shoreline stabilization project" means a suite of bank stabilization and erosion control measures designed to minimize shoreline erosion, maintain coastal processes, and provide aquatic habitat. (Maryland Department of the Environment) Living Shorelines may incorporate materials that include: marsh plantings, shrubs and trees, low profile sills or breakwaters, strategically placed organic material and other techniques that recreate the natural functions of a shoreline ecosystem. (VA CZM)
Functions and Values of the Living Shoreline Keeps Pace with Sea Level Rise Productivity Salt marsh generates 10 tons of organic matter per acre 2 times the yield of a corn field 6 times the yield of a soybean field 10 times the yield of shallow tidal waters 10 times the yield of a mature forest buffer 30 times the yield of open water (Clark 1974; Tiner and Burke 1995) Water Quality Shoreline Stabilization Habitat Enhancement
Bio-log/Stone Groins
Dimensions of Wooden Sill From Shoreline Erosion Control Using Marsh Vegetation and Low Cost Structures Broome, Rogers, Seneca, SG-92-12
CAMP LEACH CAMP CAMP LEACH 5 TO 92 YEARS 9 YEARS INSTALLED 9 AFTER MONTHS AFTER CONSTRUCTION AFTER CONSTRUCTION 2 YEARS AFTER REMOVAL REMOVAL
Stone Sills
Pre-project 2004 August 2006 Construction July 2004 August 2009 August 2005
Morris Landing
OYSTER PROJE BAG SILL/MARSH
CARTERET COMMUNITY COLLEGE, BOGUE SOUND
Jones Island- White Oak R. 2009-2010
Jones Island- White Oak R. 2009-2010
JOCKEY S RIDGE STATE PARK 2009-2010
http://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/estuarineshoreline/ewg% 20Final%20Report%20082106.pdf http://www.ncfisheries.net/habitat/chpp28.html
MD s Living Shoreline Protection Act: October 2008 Improvements to protect a persons property against erosion shall consist of non-structural shoreline stabilization measures (i.e. living shorelines) except where the person can demonstrate to MDE that such measures are not feasible, or where MDE mapping indicates areas appropriate for structural shoreline stabilization measures. Exceptions: High energy shorelines Inaccessible shorelines Commercial vessel berthing
Center for Coastal Resources Management Per mit s Wetla nds GIS Data & Maps Resou rces Rese arch Publicat ions ucatio n Rt. 1208 Greate Road P.O. Box 1346 Gloucester Point, VA 23062 804.684.7380 -Decision Tree for Undefended Shorelines -Design and Build Options -Demonstration projects -Permit information http://ccrm.vims.edu/livingshorelines/index.html
http://www.cbf.org/document.doc?id=60
North Carolina Sea-Level Rise Assessment Report March 2010 http://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/slr