Tendayi Marowa Energy Management Consultant Zimbabwe CompEnergy G U C
Presentation Outline 1. Energy efficiency-what is it? 2. Benefits of energy efficiency improvement 3. Steps taken to improve energy efficiency 4. Examples and potential for energy savings in Zimbabwe 5. Conclusion
Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency is defined as: Useful energy output per total energy input (e.g. 68% boiler efficiency) or Amount of energy used to produce one unit of economic activity (e.g. GJ/L)
Energy Efficiency Improvement Before Implementation (Baseline performance) Energy Output After Implementation Energy Output
Benefits of Energy Efficiency improvement 1. It pays i.e. saves money 2. Slows down depletion rate of energy resources 3. Helps protect the environment (trees) 4. Reduces gaseous emissions and mitigates climate change 5. Alleviates energy shortages; a supply-side option 6. Defers investment in generation
Global Industrial Energy Intensities (1995 2008) 22% decrease in intensity
Intensity Improvement by Region (1995 2008) Global decrease: 22% Sub- Saharan Africa : 10%
toe / $ 1000 of MVA Energy Intensity Trends in Zimbabwe (1990 2008) Energy Intensity trends for Zimbabwe and X 3 2 1 0 1990 2000 2008 Zim 1.491 1.222 2.121 X 1.198 0.964 0.803 Zim X
Initiating Energy Management System Can I get results without requisite systems
Energy Saving Process: Step by Step Historical data analysis No Qs? Yes Energy Audit Present to Mgnt FEEDBACK Form & train Team Evaluate & Monitor Decide & Act Process Data Measure Business-as-usual. Results Information Data
Jan-05 Apr-05 Jul-05 Oct-05 Jan-06 Apr-06 Jul-06 Oct-06 Jan-07 Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 kva Results from Energy Efficiency Initiatives: No-cost measures 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 Maximum Demand Trends $18 000 $9 000 $5 600 0
$0.59 $1.21 $1.33 $1.23 $0.13 $0.13 US $ / Litre $3.65 $5.52 $5.70 $8.09 Results from Energy Efficiency Initiatives: Energy Cost Intensity Total energy cost intensity increased by 42% 10 8 6 4 2 Energy Cost per Litre 0 Electricity Coal Diesel Petrol Total Sep-09 Mar-12
0.36 0.34 0.05 0.03 GJ / Litre 1.98 2.01 1.71 1.54 4.09 3.91 Results from Energy Efficiency Initiatives: Energy Intensity Total energy intensity decreased by 4% 5 4 3 2 1 0 Energy per Litre Electricity Coal Diesel Petrol Total Sep-09 Mar-12
Struggling Companies have no time for energy efficiency?
Nov-08 Feb-09 May-09 Aug-09 Nov-09 Feb-10 May-10 Aug-10 Nov-10 Feb-11 May-11 Aug-11 Nov-11 Feb-12 May-12 MD Charge ($/ kva) Energy Efficiency and Tariff 20 18 16 14 12 Maximum Demand Charge $19 Unrealistically low tariffs re not good for energy efficiency 10 8 6 4 2 0 $9 $7 $0 $5 $7 Too high tariffs are bad for the economy
0:01 1:34 3:07 4:40 6:13 7:46 9:19 10:52 12:25 13:58 15:31 17:04 18:37 20:10 21:43 23:16 Demand (kva) Energy efficiency and loadshedding Smoothening demand profiles will: Reduce loadshedding Reduce power imports Defer investment 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Daily Demand Profile for residential area
0:00 1:38 3:16 4:54 6:32 8:10 9:48 11:26 13:04 14:42 16:20 17:58 19:36 21:14 22:52 Freq (days) Opportunity for load-shifting Companies can benefit if they exploit the timeof-use tariff 20 15 10 Frequency of Outage for 1-28 September 2010 11 18 Domestic can also shift certain loads 5 0
Promotion of Energy Literacy in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe is the most literate nation in Africa Hence promotion of energy efficiency becomes easier
Need for Energy Efficiency Awareness Campaign To give Zimbabwean stakeholders energyrelated information To synhronise stakeholder efforts To provide platform for interaction To enhance their understanding of the energy situation
Inculcating a sense of responsibility Consumers must participate in guaranteeing their energy security
Potential National Benefits: 300 MW Virtual Power Plant Generation to Purchase Why the utility charges for demand and energy. Coal electrical energy conversion efficiency? 100% 3 5 % 35% GENERATING STATION 500KV TRANSMISSION SYSTEM POWER TRANSFORMER 25KV DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Overall efficiency : 1.8% DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS SERVICE LINE 600V 30% M CUSTOMER 6% eff.
Areas with energy savings opportunities by sector Domestic: water heating, cooking, lighting, refrigeration Mining, Manufacturing: technological innovation, automation, power factor control, waste heat recovery, compressed air systems, lighting, boiler efficiency, power quality
Areas with energy savings opportunities by sector contd Agriculture: electricity generation from waste Transport: mass transit systems, reliable power for traffic lights, fleet management Hospitality, Public Buildings: water heating, air-conditioning, lighting, variable speed drives
Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 COST (USD) 78 600 172 960 219 400 219 400 197 460 177 714 159 943 143 948 129 554 116 598 104 938 94 445 Awareness Budget (USD 2 million per year) 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 0
Awareness Cost Structure 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 26% 25% 13% 13% 9% 9% 3% 0.8% 0.4% tv adverts tv programs radio adverts radio jingle radio programs press articles developing demand profiles presentations in schools db creation
Manageability of Energy Energy consumption and cost can be controlled Even lions can be tamed!
Conclusion Our energy problem is not very bad. The energy situation can be rescued. The time to take the energy efficiency path is now!
Contact Information Thank You tendayimarowa@yahoo.com Comprehensive Energy Solutions BCSDZ Secretary SNV Zimbabwe Mrs Nikki Foot Mr Fungai Matura Tel: +263-4-884084 +263-4-776 136/7 Fax: +263-4-884084 +263-4-746 875 Mobile: 0772 308 514; +263 772 515 864 Email: footmail@zol.co.zw fmatura@snvworld.org Website: www.bcsdz.co.zw www.snvworld.org