Bioenergy development in Finland and EU: Fatcors affecting the future development Banska Bystrica 12.10.2010 Dan Asplund Asko Ojaniemi 1 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
Use of Bioenergy Small scale: heating houses Medium : district heating, industry Large scale :CHP-plants Transport fuel
Jyväskylä Rauhalahti CHP-plant 300 MW District heat: Electricity: Power steam: 150 MW 87 MW 67 MW Fuels: wood chips, sawdust, bark, roots, peat, REF 300 MW ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
Oy Alholmens Kraft Ab, Pietarsaari, Finland - The Biggest Bioenergy Plant Steam Fuels 550 MW th 194/179 kg/s 165/40 bar 545/545 C Wood fuels, Peat, Coal Annual Use of Biofuels: 3,5 TWh Production: 560 GWh Heat and 1 300 GWh Electricity Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
EU targets 2010 Doubling of renewable energy share by 2010 from 6 % to 12 % Bioenergy increase from 45 Mtoe 135 Mtoe Bioelectricity increasing from 22 TWh to 230 TWh 17th Biomass Dan Asplund
Action Plan for Renewable Energy National plans earlier 2001 2010 Use, PJ/annum Wood-based fuels: Small-scale use of firewood 45.8 54 = 1.3 Mtoe Forest chips 9.4 38 = 5 mill.m 3 =0.9 Mtoe Solid processing residues 76.6 84 = 2.0 Mtoe Black liquor 133.7 154 = 3.7 Mtoe Other bioenergy 1.8 19.4 Hydro power 46.9 52 Other renewables 3 11 Total 317 412 6 17th Biomass Dan Asplund
Primary energy consumtion 2006, Finland Peat, 6 % Other, 2 % Eletricity net import, 3 % Oil, 24 % Wood fuels,20 % Hydro,3 % Coal, 15 % Nuclear,16 % Natural gas,11 % Lähde: VTT/Energiatilastot Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund 7
100 Development of bioenergy in Finland and targets for 2005 and 2010 90 Target 80 Other bioenergy 70 Biogas 60 Demolition wood etc TWh 50 Recovered fuels, biodegradable part 40 Small-scale combustion of wood 30 Wood fuels used in industry and energy production 20 Black liquor and other concentrated liquors 10 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 8 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Target 2005 2006 2010 Target
Bioelectricyty production 2000-2006 and targets 2005 and 2010 16 14 12 Target Other wood fuels Black liquor and other concentrated liq. 10 TWh 8 6 4 2 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2005 target 9 17th Biomass Dan Asplund 2006 2010 target
EU 27: consumption of biomass Mtoe Gross inland consumption of biomass 2000 to 2007 EU-27 120 in Mtoe 100 80 60 63,5 63,9 66,2 72,9 78,4 83 89,7 98,4 40 20 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Source: Eurostat.
Gross consumption of biomass and waste in EU-25 countries in 1997 and 2002 PJ 500 450 400 1997 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Cyprus Luxembourg 2002 Source: Eurostat New Cronos Database Ireland Slovak Rep. Slovenia Estonia Lithuania Hungary Czech Rep. Belgium Greece Latvia UK Netherlands Italy Denmark Portugal Austria Poland Spain Finland Sweden Germany France
Gross consumption of biomass and waste in EU-25 countries in 2002 PJ 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0.6% Liquid biofuels Biogas Industrial wastes MSW Wood for industry Wood for households 2.3% 1.4% 12.0% The share of biomass and waste of total gross energy consumption 11.1% 11.1% 4.9% 3.9% 20.2% 15.9% 2.6% 4.1% 0 UK Netherlands Italy Denmark Portugal Austria Poland Spain Finland Sweden Germany France Source: Eurostat New Cronos Database
Gross electricity production from biomass and waste in EU-25 countries in 1997 and 2002 TWh 14 12 10 1997 2002 8 6 4 2 0 Latvia Estonia Luxembourg Hungary Ireland Slovenia Greece Slovak Rep. Czech Rep. Poland Belgium Portugal Austria Denmark Spain Italy Netherlands Sweden France UK Finland Germany Source: Eurostat New Cronos Database
EU 27: production of biofuels kt Bioethanol and biodiesel production 2000 to 2008 kt 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 7755 5715 4890 3181 2820 1933 1570 1770 1434 926 1065 730 156 234 388 425 420 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Bioethanol Biodiesel Source: Bioethanol: AEBIOM (2000 to 2003), Bundesverband Ethanolwirtschaft Deutschland (2003 to 2008). Biodiesel: EBB.
EU 27 biogas production Mtoe Biogas production and production from electricity from biogas 2004 to 2007 7 6 5 4,27 4,96 5,35 6,01 Mtoe 4 3 2 1,15 1,46 1,71 1 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 Biogas Electricity from Biogas Source: AEBIOM (2004 to 2006), Eurobarometer (2007).
Energy policy for Europe 2020 A 20% renewable energy share of energy consumption by 2020 Biofuels for transport 10 % RES implementation programme before 30.6.2010 Follow up reports Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
Renewable energy increase targets for members 2020 16 % 14 % 12 % 11,5 % 10 % 9,5 % 8 % 6 % 4 % 2 % 0 % United Kingdom Denmark Ireland France Germany Italy The Netherlands EU Spain Greece Belgium Austria Portugal Cyprus Luxembourg Malta Finland Sweden Slovenia Hungary Lithuania Poland The Slovak Republic Latvia Estonia The Czech Republic Bulgaria Romania Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
Renewables Directive Target in the RES directive 60 50 RES 2020 RES 2005 Bioenergy 2005 66% of RES in 2005 % of final energy 40 30 20 10 0 EU27 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE GR ES FR IT CY LV IT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK
Development of all RES 2005 2020 -very high hopes for biomass! 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020 Wind Hydro PV solarthermal Others (geoth, ocean) Biomass
Res directive Country proposals of the EU increase from 8,5 % to 20 % Renewables Finland from 28,5 to 38 % 2024.11.2008 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
Technically Harvestable Potential of Forest Chips Small trees from early thinnings 5 mill. m 3 /0.9 Mtoe/36 PJ Logging residues from final harvesting 8 mill. m 3 /1.4 Mtoe/57.6 PJ Stump and root wood from final harvesting 2 mill. m 3 /0.4 Mtoe/4.4 PJ
Bioenergy potential to increase Forest fuel 30 TWh Agro fuels 8 TWh Waste 4 TWh Biogas 6-18 TWh Pelletts 1 Mton (4,5 TWh) Transport fuel 5 TWh (recent regional updates expect more from forest fuels and reduce the agro targets!) 22 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
Potential of use in heating and CHP plants Potential of use of fuels 2020 (GWh) Forest chips Industrial Byproducts Peat District heating 3400 800 1500 Industry heating 300 2400 400 District heating CHP-plants 10200 2100 13200 Industry CHP-plants 7500 11500 8500 Condensing power 600 1400 Total 22000 16800 25000 23 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
Why 40 %?. With this extra 2 % units top of the official target is set to secure the achievement by industry. This makes its also possible to use new sources with bigger risks.the new sources are needed anyhow in the future Extra goodwill. 25 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
"New" Bioenergy sources in Finland, targets 2020 Biogas Ethanol from waste Combustable waste Agro biomass Electricity 0,25 0,75 0,75 Transport 0,5 2 Industry 1 1 Heating 0,5 1,45 1,4 Total 1,25 2 3,2 3,15 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
Targets RES Increase by use sector in 2020 compared to 2005 Industry 10 TWh, increase 24 % Heating 16 TWh, increase 86 % The target includes wood pelletts 4,5 TWh, 1 milj. tonnes per year
Targets RES Increase by use sector in 2020 compared to 2005 Transport 6 TWh, allmost all increase
Targets RES Increase by use sector in 2020 compared to 2005 Electricity : 12,4 TWh, increase 54 % Bioelectricity 6,3 TWh
Targets RES Increase by use sector in 2020 compared to 2005 Total increase 44,4 TWh 53 % compared to 2005
RES Targets to 2020 by use sector (TWh) 2005 2012 2016 2018 2020 Electricity other RES 14,0 14,3 16,4 18,4 20,1 Electricity from bioma 8,9 13,0 13,5 13,7 15,2 Transport 0,0 2,9 4,3 4,8 6,0 Industry 42,1 49,0 49,4 50,2 52,1 Heating 18,6 22,1 26,1 27,3 34,6 Total 83,6 101,4 109,7 114,4 128,0 31 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
Bioenergy sources 2020 Forest fuel 20,5 TWh Forest industry by-products 21,8 TWh Black liquer 43,2 TWh Fire wood 16 TWh Waste 6 TWh Biogas 3,1 TWh Agro biomass 4 TWh Totally 114,6 TWh Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
RES developments on the following areas: 1. Fuel production 2. House heating 3. Farms 4. Small CHP 5. Large CHP 6. Use of waste 7. Basic power 8. Transport All areas includes R&D, business concepts, demonstration/investments and teatching and advisoring 33 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
RES implementation tools in Finland Investment grants for residential heating Tax reduction for house heating Investments grants Conventional New technology Also biddings for new technology Tax incentivs forest fuel, biowaste,biogas Feed-in tariff- wind, biogas, small CHP Support for young forest thinnings Better forest roads Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
Varying motivations to develop biomass 70 s SECURITY OF SUPPLY 80 S RURAL EMPLOYMENT 90 S IMPROVED FOREST MANAGEMENT 00 S CLIMATE CHANGE 10 S RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY? 3524.11.2008 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
Factors affecting the development Competition between forest industry and energy sector (also:shutdowns free wood for energy use!) Development of district heating and cooling Co-generation, tri-generation = wise use of biomass resources Forest biomass is competitive with no or very mild incentives should be developed first where apllicable Other resources in order of competitiveness Import of biomass to large coastal plants-prolonging the lifetime of coal plants 3624.11.2008 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund
BENET Thank you for your attention www.benet.fi Dan.Asplund@benet.fi Asko.Ojaniemi@benet.fi Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund