Passive House Northwest AIA CEU Provider Multifamily Ventilation Strategies Workshop AIA Course # phnw Matt Groves, Albert Rooks March 11, 2016
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Learning Objectives At the end of the this course, participants will be able to understand: 1. Ventilation performance standards of a Certified Passive House Multifamily Project. 2. Characteristics of High Performance Ventilation. 3. Centralized design approach for High Performance Ventilation. 4. De-centralized design approach for high performance Ventilation.
Learning Objective One Ventilation Performance Standards of a Certified Passive House Multifamily Project PHNW 2016 4
Example Apartment for Ventilation 1,200 SF TFA 8.2 FT Ceilings 3 bedrooms 2 Bathrooms PHNW 2016 5
Passive House Airflow Airflows required for a certifying Passive House project 18 CFM Per Person 0.30 Air Changes per Hour (ACH) of TFA Kitchen exhaust: 35 CFM continuous Bathroom exhaust: 24 CFM continuous Toilet room exhaust: 12 CFM continuous Laundry room exhaust: 12 CFM continuous 1,200SF * 8.2FT = 9,840 CF at 0.30 ACH (*1.3) 49 CFM (64 CFM) 4 People * 18 CFM/P 72 CFM Kitchen + 2 Bathrooms 70 CFM* PHNW 2016 6
IMC 2012 Airflow Referenced by the International Residential Code (IRC) Adopted by all the Northwest States 0.35 Air Changes per Hour (ACH) - But not less than 15 CFM per person Kitchen exhaust: 25 CFM continuous* Bathroom exhaust: 20 CFM continuous Toilet room exhaust: 20 CFM continuous *Some local states have adopted additional requirements 1,200SF * 8.2FT = 9,840 CF at 0.35 ACH BUT 3 Bedrooms = 4 People so Kitchen + 2 Bathrooms 57 CFM 60 CFM 65 CFM PHNW 2016 7
Summary: Apartment for Ventilation 1,200 SF TFA 8.2 FT Ceilings 3 bedrooms 2 Bathrooms Standard Supply Exhaust PHI 72 CFM 70 CFM IMC 60 CFM 65 CFM 62.2-2010 42 CFM 40 CFM* 62.2-2013 66 CFM 40 CFM* * With Intermittent range hood or additional 5 ACH airflow out of the kitchen (+82 CFM for a 10x12 kitchen) PHNW 2016 8
Passive House (PHI) HRV/ERV Performance Standards > 75% 0.26 W/CFM < 35db PHNW 2016 9
Heat flow in Heat Recovery unit 10
Low heat losses in the exhaust air Manufacturer η eff η low heat losses in the exhaust air Fo Exh Ab Ext Zu Su In Au 1 2 3 = t Ext t t η Ext Exh Ext Pel + m c t In 69.9 % 59.2 % 93.0 % P = t t η Su Su Ext t t 90 % 95 % 94 % In In very good insulated unit: small difference between η Ext and η Su GE GE CH AT Test method according to Passive House Institute Dr. Wolfgang Feist, Darmstadt, Germany PH certified device see www.passiv.de DIN V 18599-6:2007-02 and DIN EN 13141-7:2004(D) the included test report requires, text texh η among others: Ext = HTA Lucerne Testing regulation for energy label (without e. g. in Lower Austria for LA energy performance certificate η V,eff = η V 12 % t Ext t In Test method as per: HVI, TÜV, VDI, TZWL η Su is mostly used for brochure data 55 Qualitätsmerkmale für Komfortlüftungen (A. Greml, Österreich) refers to the real value: η eff (PHI) 11
Different heat recovery values for the same unit 88.7 94.7 100.6 106.5 112.4 118.3 124.3 130.2 136.1 142 147.9 cfm Air flow rate m³/h Less effective heat recovery units measured different degrees of heat recovery rate: η based on supply air measured air heating η eff based on extract air measured air cooling 12
Different heat recovery values for the same unit 53,2 65,1 76,9 80,7 100,6 112,4 124,3 136,1 147,9 159,8 171,6 cfm Air flow rate m³/h Measured heat recovery rate (η, η eff ) of good heat recovery units with only minor differences 13
Learning Objective Two 1. Performance standards of a Certified Passive House Multifamily Project 2. Characteristics of High Performance Ventilation PHNW 2016 14
High Performance Ventilation Provides energy-efficient, healthy and comfortable indoor climate solutions. Comfort Indoor Climate Solutions Health Energy-efficiency
Health: Air Humidity CO² Concentration VOC s Smells
Health Statistics The Number of People in the USA with Asthma grew from about 20 Million in 2001 to 25 Million in 2009. Asthma cost the USA about $3,300 per year, per person, for people with Asthma from 2002 to 2007. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vital Signs May 2011) The EPA estimates that as many as 8 million homes throughout the country have elevated levels of radon. Based on current exposure and risk estimates, radon exposure in single-family houses may be a causal factor in as many as 20,000 of the total lung cancer fatalities which occur each year.
Moisture Removal Efficient mold protection: Fresh air is provided and excess humidity is removed automatically Efficient noise barrier and protection against dust: Preheated and filtered air is provided draft-free at closed windows
Optimum Humidity
Traditional Multifamily System Exhaust Air Locations Bathrooms Kitchen Supply Air Locations Corridors PHNW 2016 20
Traditional Multifamily System Exhaust Air Locations Bathrooms Kitchen Supply Air Locations Corridors?????? What s the ACH in the Bedrooms? PHNW 2016 21
Unventilated Bedrooms Get Stale House is 5.0 ACH At 50 PA Bedroom occupied at 11:15 pm with door closed Exhaust fan turned on at 1:30 am at 88 CFM (ASHRAE 62.2 Rate for house is 62 CFM Exhaust fan off at 6:00 am Door open at 6:30 am PHNW 2016 22
Comfort Quiet Fresh air Conditioned (no cold drafts)
Energy Efficiency Heat Recovery Ventilators Reduce energy penalty associated with mechanical ventilation HRV Efficiency Matters - Example: Inside air: 70F and outside air: 40F Efficiency: 60%: 58F Incoming room air temp 70%: 61F 80%: 64F 90%: 67F
HRV Temps (F) 80 75 70 Temp (F) 65 60 55 50 45 40 4/12 4/13 4/14 4/15 4/16 4/17 Day Return Supply Exhaust Intake
Learning Objective Three 1. Performance standards of a Certified Passive House Multifamily Project 2. Characteristics of High Performance Ventilation. 3. Centralized design approach for High Performance Ventilation. PHNW 2016 26
Multi-Family Options Individual Apartment Units With Central Mechanical Room Pros Good Compartmentalization Individual Control Boost Capacity Minimize Penetrations Centralized Maintenance Cons Central Ductwork & Fire Dampers Loss of Floor Space for Shafts May be more expensive Energy paid by building owner PHNW 2016 27
Multi-Family Options Central Ventilation Units Pros Central Maintenance May be less expensive Minimize Penetrations Cons Central Ductwork & Fire Dampers Loss of Floor Space for Shafts No Individual Control / Boost Harder to Balance Higher energy usage Energy paid by building owner PHNW 2016 28
Skeena Project Vancouver BC Dispersed HRV s with dedicated shaft Create shaft runs. Calculate capacity per run. Penetrate fire wall with fire damper. Balanced ventilation within suite. Kitchen exhaust by HRV. All units on shaft share boost function. Cornerstone Architecture
Cornerstone Architecture Vancouver BC
Learning Objective Four 1. Performance standards of a Certified Passive House Multifamily Project 2. Characteristics of High Performance Ventilation. 3. Centralized design approach for High Performance Ventilation. 4. De-Centralized design approach for high performance Ventilation. PHNW 2016 33
Multi-Family Options Individual Apartment Units With Ganged Intake/Exhaust Pros Good Compartmentalization Individual Control Boost Capacity Minimize Penetrations Potentially easier maintenance Energy paid by occupant Cons Central Ductwork & Fire Dampers Loss of Floor Space for Shafts Dispersed Maintenance May be more expensive PHNW 2016 34
Multi-Family Options Individual Apartment Units With Individual Intake/Exhaust Pros Better Compartmentalization Individual Control Boost Capacity Good for Condominiums Minimize Duct Runs Minimize energy usage Energy paid by occupant Cons Multiple Wall Penetrations Dispersed Maintenance May be more expensive PHNW 2016 35
Central vs Dispersed Airflow Rates Passive House max airflow: 83 CFM Individual unit per apartment = Full Controllability High speed (boost mode) operation: 83 CFM Normal Speed operation (77% max): 64 CFM Low speed operation (0.3 ACH): 49 CFM Absent mode operation: 20 CFM Central System = Option for Boost High speed (boost mode) operation: Normal speed operation (77% max): 83 CFM 64 CFM PHNW 2016 37
This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Passive House Northwest info@phnw.org
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