SUBJECT INDEX Acceptance Criteria pressure tests 1-2 weld 1-1 1-9 1-14 1-41 2-8 5-09 5-13 5-17 5-18 5-20 6-04 7-06 8-32 12-22 13-16 14-02 14-07 24-03 24-26 Additive Manufacturing 25-39 25-40 Allowable Loads 14-06 Allowable Stresses 4-12 bases for 1-18 3-13 8-11 8-25 10-13 15-01 for ASTM A182 22-28 for ASTM A312 1-29 for ASTM A351 11-13 for ASTM A387 8-25 for ASTM A464 8-11 for ASTM A570 1-38 for ASTM A587 1-13 for ASTM A671 1-48 for austenitic stainless 3-13 steels for unlisted alloy steel 19-09 pipe Allowable Stress Range 22-07 23-19 25-12 Alterations of Piping 13-04 Assembly and Erection 25-01 25-09 Authorized Inspector (see Owner s Inspector) Bellows 13-09 Bending 4-02 8-03 15-17 16-08 Bends corrugated 1-23 miter (see Miter Bends) reduction of outside 8-20 diameter Bolting Materials 4-15 17-20 20-12 21-14 Bonding Qualification Test hot gas welded 8-14 minimum burst pressure 7-09 8-14 procedure specifications 10-08 for plastic piping 21-15 requirements 18-05 solvent cement 8-14 Bonds heat fusion 8-14 hot gas welded 8-14 test assembly 7-09 Branch Connections couplings 19-33 extruded outlets 1-37 2-27 6-09 flexibility analysis 9-01 integrally reinforced fitting 4-05 11-10 projection into run pipe 8-28 9-03 Interpre Alternative Tests (see Leak Tests) Branch Connections (Cont d) reinforcement 8-06 8-37 12-05 12-13 14-10 15-05 21-39 weld requirements 2-10 4-03 4-14 7-02 7-08 10-04 13-11 17-26 22-22 23-18 24-23 25-11 25-15 Brazed Joints for flammable service 1-17 Buckles 1-23 1-53 Casting Quality Factor 23-10 Cast Irons specific requirements 10-01 Category D Design 22-06 Temperature Category D Fluid Service alternative pressure test for 1-36 limis 4-13 5-03 21-47 radiographic examination 8-38 21-23 Category M Fluid Service clarification of term 1-73 9-02 20-23 double contained piping 8-35 fittings 20-36 leak test 6-08 (h)
Category M Fluid Service (Cont d) liquid oxygen 8-09 piping flexibility 21-21 requirements 8-35 9-02 12-15 tubing size limis 2-13 very small quantity 1-40 Code Case 22-13 22-29 22-31 Code Coverage B31.3 versus B31.4 1-47 7-10 B31.3 versus B31.9 21-32 buried piping 21-07 cryogenic piping 21-22 fired heaters 15-09 general hydrocarbon 6-01 service inline sensing devices 8-01 21-24 intent 16-12 later editions 19-01 new and replacement 5-22 piping 12-21 19-49 offshore platform 8-17 oil heating system 4-19 radioactive fluids 12-20 synfuel plant piping 1-52 2-26 tobacco plant piping 3-1 Components (see also Fittings, Flanges, Standard Components, Unlisted, and Valves) certification 1-26 3-7 5-10 13-10 defective 25-13 defining 17-23 20-11 design conditions 2-3 fabricated or flared flaps 11-03 12-16 inline sensing devices 8-01 21-24 listed 20-25 metric size 19-29 referenced standards 1-44 5-10 22-05 Corrugated Bends 1-23 Cyclic Loading 5-12 17-04 Design (see also Pressure Design) additional design 12-13 considerations calculations 20-26 21-13 conditions 2-3 for stainless bellows 12-23 Lame theory 1-57 minimum temperature 10-02 24-04 qualification 20-38 20-40 Displacement Strain 20-45 Displacement Stress 2-14 2-24 12-06 18-13 21-09 Earthquake (see Seismic) Effective Date 22-24 Empty System transpor 9-06 Examination acceptance criteria 16-07 during leak test 24-07 extent of 1-24 5-18 11-01 21-04 21-23 in-process 3-14 11-15 liquid penetrant (see Liquid Penetrant Examination) personnel 21-05 postweld heat treatment 21-48 progressive (see Progressive Examination) radiographic (see Radiographic Examination) random 1-27 1-45 1-62 2-12 Interpre Compressors internal piping 1-8 Examination (Cont d) 2-32 4-12 11-15 24-20 24-22 records 11-11 21-20 required 1-24 1-60 6-04 11-14 11-15 15-13 15-21 18-14 21-17 22-17 sample 24-08 severe cyclic conditions 10-17 11-14 spot 1-62 types 16-13 18-11 ultrasonic (see Ultrasonic Examination) visual (see Visual Examination) Exclusions for compressors and 1-8 internal piping for interconnecting piping 1-19 21-22 listed in scope 10-05 Expansion Joints 1-16 12-23 13-09 Extruded Outlet pressure design of 1-21 1-70 tees considered as 1-55 Extruded Welded Tee 5-01 Fatigue 18-09 Fillet Weld internal, slip-on flange 8-27 pressure containing 8-13 size 1-74 use 10-04 23-09 24-02 (i)
Fittings B16.9 1-7 5-01 19-14 20-21 conforming to two grades 8-18 flared, flareless, or 3-6 compression types 12-16 MSS SP-75 1-11 pipe 25-41 Flame Arrester 22-39 Flammable Service 1-17 21-25 Flanges assembly 2-5 design 1-67 3-4 9-07 general 9-10 long welding neck 4-05 slip-on 5-12 8-27 thickness 25-36 use of aluminum 1-51 use of raised and flat face 9-07 metallic Flexibility Analysis branch connections 9-01 exemptions from 1-33 modulus of elasticity 21-26 qualification 13-05 13-14 thermal expansion data 15-24 21-16 Flexibility Characteristic effect of branch to run 1-56 diameters for a tee 1-55 1-56 5-01 for components not listed 1-55 in Appendix D 2-24 Flexibility Factors basis for 1-56 for B16.9 tee 1-7 12-08 12-17 for fabricated intersections 1-6 4-16 5-15 Fluid Service definition 19-34 20-23 general hydrocarbon 6-01 requirements, metallic 11-16 12-15 12-16 15-03 requirements, nonmetallic 11-17 11-18 21-30 21-31 responsibility for 4-08 categorizing 8-09 Graphitization temperature relative to 1-58 onset Hardness limis on 2-2 records 8-22 testing 15-20 Heat Fusion Joints 13-08 Heat Treatment cooling rate 1-69 for austenitic stainless steel 1-65 for bending and forming 2-2 19-04 for carbon steel pipe 21-12 25-22 for flared laps 11-03 for valve parts 8-12 governing thickness 1-39 1-59 4-06 5-06 11-06 heating rate 1-69 local 5-08 8-05 monitoring 5-08 8-05 postweld 20-39 20-44 22-19 24-30 25-10 25-30 requirements 8-08 Interpre Flexibility Factors (Cont d) for pressure piping 13-05 components for welded elbows 1-6 Heat Treatment (Cont d) requirements (Cont d) 8-21 8-23 8-24 9-03 9-05 12-14 14-01 14-16 15-18 18-04 21-46 21-48 SP-1 through SP-5 8-24 when radiography is 1-64 required 2-4 High Pressure Piping 24-13 Hydrostatic Tests (see Leak Tests) Impact Tests absorbed energy data 2-9 alternative methods 8-30 base metal 4-01 11-12 18-12 20-10 24-14 25-37 exclusions from 1-76 5-14 8-30 HAZ 23-13 heat treatment required 5-19 in qualifying procedures 8-29 material 25-32 of aluminum filler metals 2-19 of austenitic stainless steel 1-65 of bolting materials 4-15 of duplex stainless steel 20-13 of heat-affected zone 1-76 5-21 of high pressure piping 21-27 of weldments 1-12 1-65 1-76 5-21 19-21 21-19 requirements 15-23 17-09 20-31 21-18 retest 25-38 size specimen 24-01 (j)
Impact Tests (Cont d) temperature limi 5-14 8-30 14-12 19-07 19-43 21-01 21-28 21-43 22-01 22-02 22-26 22-44 23-08 24-27 24-28 Imperfections (see also Acceptance Criteria) concave root surface 1-1 6-04 determination of 8-32 lack of fusion 5-09 porosity 1-9 5-13 5-16 5-20 slag inclusion 5-20 tungsten inclusions 1-9 5-17 undercutting 1-14 2-8 6-04 Inspection 25-27 Installed Piping 1-30 Instrument Piping 7-07 8-01 Internal Piping, Equipment 1-8 Joint Factors for ASTM A234, 2-20 ASTM A312, ASTM A403 for branch connections 8-06 for circumferential welds 1-42 for longitudinal and spiral 1-78 (helical seam) welds 3-11 8-06 17-14 20-34 Lateral Fittings 1-6 Leak Tests acceptance criteria 1-2 15-22 16-03 23-14 24-07 alternative 4-09 5-07 6-08 8-15 12-01 12-21 17-05 17-10 18-15 20-18 23-05 25-28 as nondestructive 8-31 examination external design pressure 19-44 for Category D fluid 1-36 service for Category M fluid 20-47 service for system designed for 0 2-31 psi isolation of test pump 1-2 leakage 1-4 minimum hydrostatic test 2-23 pressure 4-04 minor repairs and 1-2 additions negative pressure 22-11 of discharge piping 1-72 of joints 20-28 Interpre Joints alignment 15-07 17-25 circumferential bends 5-11 exposed during test 2-6 3-10 22-09 instrument tubing 7-07 leak tested 24-19 special 8-13 tapered pipe thread 16-15 threaded 11-16 17-19 20-48 Leak Tests (Cont d) of newly constructed 1-4 systems 5-02 5-22 8-15 20-24 of piping and vessel 1-63 of piping connecting 3-3 equipment of replacement piping 5-22 12-21 painting before test 2-6 3-10 5-23 personnel qualification 8-31 pneumatic test 11-07 11-19 12-02 13-06 19-23 19-30 19-32 20-17 22-30 24-11 25-04 25-07 25-16 preparation for 2-6 3-10 5-02 5-23 12-03 reduced pressure 1-61 (hydrostatic test) 2-23 13-13 20-17 22-27 requirements 8-15 13-13 22-14 22-15 22-18 23-15 25-18 25-23 sensitive 1-25 17-02 19-06 19-23 system pneumatic leak test 22-30 pressure temperature correction for 1-35 1-43 test fluid 12-19 (k)
Leak Tests (Cont d) test pressure 12-04 19-10 time 20-46 21-11 21-42 vents and drains 23-20 welds 20-06 20-07 20-35 21-10 21-36 Lethal Substance 1-73 Limis on hardness 2-2 on imperfections (see Imperfections) on tubing size 2-13 3-6 Liquid Penetrant Examination requirements 11-14 Low Temperature Requirements (see Impact Tests) Materials API 5L 1-78 2-4 3-9 3-11 6-01 6-06 API 5LX 2-4 11-05 ASTM A234 2-20 ASTM A312 1-29 1-77 2-20 ASTM A350 19-07 ASTM A351 11-13 ASTM A387 8-25 ASTM A403 1-77 2-20 ASTM A487 8-07 ASTM A537 2-1 ASTM A570 1-38 ASTM A587 1-13 ASTM A633 1-11 ASTM A658 3-8 ASTM A671 1-48 ASTM B241 2-19 ASTM B337 4-18 ASTM B464 8-11 austenitic stainless steels 3-13 bases for design stresses 11-05 Mechanical Interlock 19-45 Miter Bends pressure design of 1-22 5-11 Near Straight Sawtooth Runs explanation of 1-33 Nomenclature d 1-54 T 1-28 T W 5-04 5-16 t n 1-75 Nonmetallic Piping fluid service requirements 11-17 11-18 in Category M Fluid 8-35 Service joint requirements 7-09 8-14 materials 19-08 20-30 21-30 21-31 parts 25-33 pressure design 14-17 14-18 21-33 22-38 Interpre Materials (Cont d) carbon steel 19-39 certification 5-10 8-02 13-10 21-03 cladding and lining 25-25 conforming to two grades 8-18 8-34 listed 17-09R (Vol. 18) 17-11 22-12 22-42 notch sensitive 2-22 notes 20-29 reidentification 8-19 toughness requirements 5-19 traceability 19-28 unlisted material 11-05 11-20 15-04 17-01 17-08 19-27 Notch Sensitive materials 2-22 Occasional Variations 1-3 (Pressure/Temperature Allowances) 2-14 4-11 loads 1-50 2-15 2-16 2-17 19-18 20-49 20-50 21-08 Owner responsibilities 1-26 2-30 5-22 19-11 Owner s Inspector qualifications of 1-31 20-33 responsibilities of 1-26 24-05 Pipe alterations of existing pipe 13-04 20-04 components 22-41 curved and mitered 15-14 segments 18-06 elbowless 8-03 general 22-43 in corroded condition 2-15 instrument 17-24 made from plate 1-48 8-36 of noncircular cross section 3-2 pressure design 13-07 14-09 pressure testing 9-09 spiral (helical seam) 7-03 welded straight, under internal 10-20 pressure 11-21 14-11 types 20-27 Pipe Supports configurations 6-07 longitudinal stress effects 7-05 (l)
Pipe Supports (Cont d) materials 19-36 21-41 use of plastic 1-49 Plastic lined pipe use of 8-33 screwed flanges pipe supports 1-49 Pneumatic Tests (see Leak Tests) Positions qualification of welding 1-66 Postweld Heat Treatment (see Heat Treatment) Preheat (see Heat Treatment) Pressure Conditions 25-42 Pressure Design allowance 17-12 20-03 20-51 21-33 21-45 for elevated temperatures 3-4 in the high pressure range 1-68 17-16 of extruded headers 1-21 1-70 of flanges and blanks 10-14 13-15 19-12 of miter bends 1-21 of nonmetallic piping 14-17 components 14-18 of pipe 1-42 1-54 1-57 1-68 1-70 2-11 11-21 13-07 15-06 15-10 17-06 21-38 22-04 of listed components 16-14 16-18 Pressure Rating components 19-02 valve 8-04 variations 4-11 20-22 Pressure Relief Devices acceptable devices 2-21 2-29 19-41 23-11 and test pressure 11-07 11-19 12-04 14-09 18-03 pressure reducing s 19-31 requirements 17-29 23-17 24-16 setting 1-32 7-01 12-04 stop valves 10-10 12-18 Pressure Surges loads due to 1-50 Pressure Temperature 5-05 Rating 8-34 Pressure Test (see Leak Test) Pressure Thickness 22-21 Progressive Examination 1-5 1-62 3-5 10-09 10-12 11-02 11-04 13-12 16-01 16-02 16-05 18-01 Interpre Pressure Design (Cont d) of unlisted components 13-02 13-03 13-05 21-34 24-09 of valves 8-04 13-15 using proof testing 25-19 Progressive Sampling 25-05 25-14 25-21 Published Specification 1-15 Radiographic Examination 100% 5-09 20-17 as supplementary 8-38 examination digital radiography 20-42 normal fluid service 20-20 on fillet welds 24-02 random radiography 1-27 1-45 1-62 2-12 2-32 3-12 records 1-10 requirements 6-04 11-01 11-05 12-03 22-08 selection of welds for 2-25 examination spot radiography 1-62 3-12 survey plugs 19-48 when PWHT is required 1-64 2-4 Radius 25-31 Records certification 5-10 8-02 10-03 21-03 for radiographic 1-10 examination of examinations 11-11 21-20 of hardness tests 8-22 retention of 1-10 Reinforcement, Branch attachment weld 4-03 7-08 clarification of terms 1-37 11-10 limits of 2-27 9-04 Reinforcement Pad 22-20 Thickness (m)
Repairs to welds 2-18 Responsibility designer 10-11 rights of owner s 10-03 inspection 17-15 Safeguarding 5-12 Scope (see Code Coverage) Seismic Loads 4-07 effect of friction 23-04 23-12 stresses due to 2-17 Severe Cyclic Conditions cyclic loading 5-12 large rapid temperature 8-09 change material 21-29 spiral (helical seam) 7-03 welded pipe Simplified Flexibility 1-33 Analysis Soldering Qualification 25-06 Stainless Steel 22-03 22-03R 22-23 Standard Components manufacturer s markings 3-7 8-02 valves 5-05 8-04 8-07 Standards compliance 5-10 superseded 1-44 Stresses (see also Allowable Stresses) allowable 19-37 19-38 19-46 20-32 analysis 23-07 displacement stress range 7-04 12-06 20-02 due to cold spring 8-16 due to occasional loads 2-16 24-24 Stress Intensification Factors application of 1-34 2-24 6-03R (Vol. 7) basis for 1-56 branch connections 2-7 for B16.9 tees 1-7 for fabricated intersections 1-6 5-15 for tees 1-46 1-55 1-71 5-01 12-08 12-17 for unlisted components 13-05 for welded elbows 1-6 12-11 Temperatures allowance 17-12 20-03 bending 16-08 critical 22-36 Interpre Stresses (see also Allowable Stresses) (Cont d) due to pressure surges 1-50 due to seismic loads 2-17 due to sustained loads 15-15 16-04 16-11 20-02 25-02 due to thermal gradients 3-4 hydrostatic design 19-13 longitudinal 1-20 1-50 2-15 2-24 4-10 4-12 6-03R (Vol. 7) 6-07 7-05 8-16 17-18 18-16 ratio figure 23-01 reduction factors 16-10 21-34 Temperatures (Cont d) design minimum 10-02 temperature 14-08 14-12 15-11 15-16 17-07 19-35 fluid 23-06 large changes 8-09 limis 4-13 5-14 15-12 15-25 19-47 maximum metal 19-40 temperature minimum design metal 20-13R temperature (MDMT) reduction 4-11 20-15 variation in elevated 17-17 temperature service verification 16-09 Thermoplastic Piping neat fusion joints 13-08 solvent cemented joints 10-08 specific requirements 10-06 Thickness Allowances governing 17-13 17-21 18-02 in stress calculations 1-20 range 25-29 wall 23-16 welding tee 18-18 Thickness Requirements 20-17 20-41 Tubing category M fluid service 16-17 joints 7-07 limis 2-13 3-6 Ultrasonic Examination in place of radiography 11-05 20-09 20-42 requirements 10-17 (n)
Unlisted components 1-6 1-51 3-6 4-05 5-05 8-07 10-18 10-07 10-11 12-09 13-02 13-03 13-05 19-03 19-19 20-25 20-37 21-34 23-03 25-03 25-08 materials (see Materials) U-Stamp 22-34 Valves Category M Fluid Service 8-35 Flanged Ball Valves 16-16 materials 8-07 15-26 pressure buildup 8-04 products 25-35 qualification 24-18 ratings 5-05 Visual Examination internal 8-10 8-26 13-16 requirements 2-28 10-03 13-16 18-17 24-21 24-21R Washers, Use of 2-5 Weld acceptable criteria 17-03 17-22 18-07 21-44 22-40 Interpre Weld (Cont d) bevels 12-10 closure 22-16 24-25 25-24 25-34 configuration 19-16 definition 14-03 19-05 double submerged arc 21-46R welded (DSAW) examination of welds 10-15 11-01 11-14 13-16 14-14 14-15 15-02 19-17 19-42 20-06 20-43 fillet size 1-74 10-19 16-06 20-01 final 19-15 for branch connections 2-10 4-03 4-14 8-37 11-10 19-25 24-10 24-15 25-17 25-20 imperfections (see also 21-02 Acceptable Criteria) joint quality factor 21-06 21-37 joint strength reduction 21-35 factor 22-37 24-12 longitudinal 2-20 3-11 4-18 map 22-10 22-25 of valves 12-12 partial joint penetration 23-02 preparation for welding 13-01 14-04 Weld (Cont d) qualification of position 1-66 radiography 25-26 reinforcement 7-08 11-08 repair 2-18 21-19 sign 22-25 size 22-32 socket 6-02 6-05 10-19 15-08 16-06 19-20 spacing of 7-02 tack 22-35 22-35R types 20-05 20-07 Welder Qualification by others 15-19 18-08 19-26 22-35 requirements 17-27 24-06 Welding Procedure qualification of 1-12 1-65 1-66 1-76 4-17 8-23 8-29 11-09 14-05 14-13 19-22 24-17 responsibility 12-07 12-12 specification 8-21 8-22 20-14 20-19 20-31 Workmanship 22-33 24-29 (o)