Global Activities for High Efficiency Thermal Power Generation Technology

Global Activities for High Efficiency Thermal Power Generation Technology September 4, 2013 Yasuo Fujitani CEO Thermal Power Systems, Power Systems Company, Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi, Ltd. 2013 All rights reserved.

Index 1. Hitachi Power Systems Company 2. Boiler Technology 3. Air Quality Control System Technology 4. Steam Turbine Technology 5. Future Clean Coal Technology Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved.

Hitachi Global Portfolio Financial Services Digital Media & Consumer Products Automotive Systems 8% 8% High Functional Materials & Components 3% 11% 13% Others Revenues 18% 96.0 billion US$ (FY2012) 7% 10% Information & Telecommunication Systems 9% 13% Power Systems Social Infrastructure & Industrial Systems Electronics Systems & Equipment Construction Machinery Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 4

Power Business in Hitachi Thermal Power Business Nuclear Power Business Coal-fired Thermal Power Plants Gas Turbines Boiling Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plants (ABWR ESBWR) Major Equipment of Coal-fired Thermal Power Plants Steam Turbines 60% 20% FY2012 Consolidated Revenues 9.6 billion US$ 20% Transmission & Distribution, Renewable Energy and Other Businesses Particle beam therapy systems Preventive Maintenance, Nuclear Fuel Cycle, etc. Wind Power Generation Systems Boilers Air Quality Control System Transmission & Distribution (T&D) Systems Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems Hydroelectric Power Generation Systems, Drive Systems, Smart Grids, Power Semiconductors, etc. ABWR: Advanced Boiling Water Reactor ESBWR: Economic and Simplified Boiling Water Reactor Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 5

Total System Technology Boilers (B) Integrated supply of BTG + AQCS Optimize entire plants Turbines (T) Generators (G) Steam Turbines and Generators (TG) DeNOx Systems Catalysts Boilers (B) AQCS Precipitators DeSOx CCS Turbines and Generators Low-pressure Turbines Air Quality Control System DeSOx (Spray Type) DeNOx Catalyst Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 6

Accelerate Business Development New Markets Expand in emerging markets, particularly in Asia Coal-fired systems expand in emerging markets, and gas-fired systems in all regions Unit : GW 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Estimation on Thermal Power Generation Capacity 3,310 4,401 Source : IEA WEO 2011 5,142 5,628 2009 2020 2030 2035 Other Areas Non-OECD ASEAN etc. India China OECD World Electricity Generation by Energy Source Steady growth in coal-fired thermal power plants Increasing demand for AQCS due to national regulation Accelerated adoption of renewable energy Expansion of power transmission and distribution market 40 30 20 10 0 (Trillion kwh) 100% 117% Source: World Energy Outlook 2012 158% 2010 2015 2030 Renewable Energy Natural Gas Oil Coal Nuclear Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 7

Experiences of Wide Range Coal Properties Volatile Matter (dry ash free basis) % 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Low LHV Lignites Wide Range of Coal Qualities Fired Lignites Bituminous Coals Low Volatile Coals 0 10 20 30 40 MJ/kg 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 Net Calorific Value kcal/kg Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 9

Boiler Supply Record Total Installed Capacity: 60.7 GW (except Japan) Europe 11.5 Africa 12.3 West Asia 1.2 4.5 15.3 North Asia South East Asia 4.5 Oceania North America 4.1 Central & South America 5.8 Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 10

Boiler Supply Record Over 200MW 22,000 Natural Circulation Once-Through 72 units / 22,192MW 71 units / 46,919 MW 21 units 21,050 20,000 18,000 31 units 19,554 Total Output (MW) 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 28 units 6,612 42 units 14,380 13 units 4,915 4,000 2,000 2 units 6 units 1,200 1,400 0 200-299 300-499 500-899 200-299 300-499 500-899 900-1050 Unit Output (MW) Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 11

Latest Boiler Supply Tokyo Electric Power Co., Ltd Hitachi Naka Unit 1, 2 Boiler Type : Once-Through, Benson Generator Output : Main Steam Flow : 1,000 MW 2,870 t/h Steam Conditions : 25.4MPa / 604 o C / 602 o C Fuel : Bit. & Sub-bit. Blend Commercial Operation : 2003 (#1), 2013 (#2) MidAmerican Energy Company (USA) Walter Scott Jr. Energy Center Unit 4 Boiler Type : Once-Through, Benson Generator Output : Main Steam Flow : Steam Conditions : 853 MW 2,530 t/h 26.2MPa / 570 o C / 595 o C Fuel : USA Sub-bituminous Coal Commercial Operation : 2007 Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 12

Latest Lignite Boiler Supply P.S. Neurath F&G (BoA II) Output : 2 x 1,100MW Main Steam flow : 2 x 2,959 t/h Superheater Steam : 600 o C / 272 bar Reheater Steam : 605 o C / 57 bar Plant in Operation : 2012 Fuel : German Lignite P.S. Boxberg R Output : 1 x 670MW Main Steam flow : 1 x 1,760 t/h Superheater Steam : 600 o C / 315 bar Reheater Steam : 610 o C / 72 bar Commissioning : 2012 Fuel : German Lignite Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 13

Air Quality Control System Boiler DeNOx(SCR) AQCS Air Quality Control Systems FGD Stacks ESP Boilers FGD : Flue Gas Desulfurization DeNOx (SCR) Stack ESP A/H FGD Hitachi is one of a few AQCS supplier for total system (Layout for 1000MW coal fired plant in Japan) Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 15

SCR (DeNOx) Supply Record BHK Catalyst Manufacturing Facility in Japan (Akitsu Works) BHK Catalyst Manufacturing Facility in China (BHHE) BHK 21% BHK 47% Europe: 91GW Korea: 32GW USA,AES/ Somerset No.1 675MW,Coal USA,LA DWP/ Haynes No.1 230MW LNG Germany, Mehrum No.3 700MW,Coal China: 348GW BHK 76% Taiwan area: 24GW Poland,PGNiG Siekierkie No.10,11,14,15 140MW 4,Coal BHK 16% BHK 24% Total:743GW Supply Experience in the world World Share 24% (No.1 in the World) (Dec 2012) 23% BHK North America: 126GW Japan,TEPCO/ Hitachi Naka No.1 1000MW,Coal BHK 31% Japan: 116GW Japan,TEPCO/ Sodegaura No.1 1200MW,LNG Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 16

Feature of SCR Catalyst (Plate Type) Catalyst Element Meshed Center Metal PLATE TYPE GAS HONEYCOMB TYPE GAS DUST DUST Catalyst Material CENTER METAL CATALYST CATALYST Catalyst Unit Features: Erosion Resistance, Plugging Resistance, Low Pressure Drop PLATE HONEYCOMB REMARKS TYPE TYPE ACTIVITY EROSION RESISTANCE AGAINST DUST PLUGGING RESISTANCE PRESSURE DROP HANDLING CATALYST VOLUME FOR INITIAL LOADING FOR LONG TERM OPERATION CENTER METAL PLATE FEW CORNERS PRESSURE DROP COMPACT SPECIFIC SURFACE LONG LIFE CATALYST STACKING : EXCELLENT : ADVANTAGEOUS : AVERAGE Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 17

SCR Catalyst Development and Supply 2015 BHK Catalyst Manufacturing Facility in China (BHHE) Established in 2012 BHK Catalyst Manufacturing Facility in Japan (Akitsu Works) Established in 1987 2000 1990 1980 1970 Japan 1991 Taiwan 1987 Licensing of Technology for Siemens 1986 USA 1986 Europe Development Catalyst for Anti-Arsenic 1986 World First Commercial Application for Coal Fired Utility World First Commercial Application for Large Utility Development Plate Type Catalyst 1963 Start Development of SCR Catalyst by Own Technology 2004 Korea 2000 China Poland, PGNiG Siekierkie No.10,11,14,15 140MW 4 USA Gavin Power Station Unit.1 1300MW Japan,TEPCO/ Hitachi Naka No.1 1000MW Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 18

FGD Development and Supply 1962 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Initial Stage Improvement of Reliability Meeting Middle Load Ope. Reduction of Utility Simplification of the System Targeting Low Utility and Cost 2010 2015 PERFORATED TRAY TOWER SPRAY TOWER ADVANCED SPRAY TOWER LIMESTONE GYPSUM FGD SYSTEM Perforated Tray Tower Spray Tower Advanced Spray Tower R&D / Pilot Supply Experience Commercial Plant (Total 15) Commercial Plant (Total 9) Commercial Plant (Total 52) Wet Limestone-Gypsum Process (Non-Toxic Solution) Water (or SeaWater) Limestone Stack Total 76 Plants from ESP Absorber WWTS : Waste Water Treatment System Gypsum Dewatering Tachibanawan No.2 1,050MW (Japan) Kozienice II Project 800MW (Poland) WWTS High grade treat Ash : 0.6ton/y Sea Gypsum Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 20

Steam Turbine Supply Record Total Installed Capacity: 56 GW (except Japan) Europe North Asia 3.6 Africa 4.8 West Asia 2.4 5.3 20.6 South East Asia 4.5 Oceania North America Central & South America 11.2 3.3 Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 22

Latest Steam Turbine Supply Japan Isogo Unit No.2 Netherland Rotterdam Turbine Type : Generator Output : Revolution: Steam Conditions : Tandem Compound Double Flow 600MW 3,000rpm 25MPa/ 600 o C / 620 o C Turbine Type : Generator Output : Revolution: Steam Conditions : Tandem Compound Four Flow 790.1MW 3,000rpm Commercial Operation : 2009 Commercial Operation : 2013 26.3MPa/ 600 o C / 620 o C Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 24

Roadmap of Clean Coal Technology Hitachi has been developing two key technologies of CO 2 capture from coal fired power plants; CO 2 Scrubbing, and high efficiency plants Advanced -USC, IGCC and CCS 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Regulation Road of Development Pilot Testing Plant Capture Ready Demonstration Plant Partial Reduction Commercial Plant Full Reduction Ultimately- Clean Plant Advanced -USC Efficiency of 46%(HHV) Hitachi Vision of Technology Development CO 2 Scrubbing -Reduce CO2 Emission by half Oxy-Combustion -Reduce all of CO2 Emission- Advanced -USC + CCS -High Efficiency -Zero Emission IGCC + CCS -Ultimately Clean Coal Technology Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 26

Advanced USC (Ultra Super Critical) Net efficiency (%) Steam temperature ( o C) The efficiency of the coal fired power plant has improved by making the steam condition a high temperature. 50 40 30 700 600 500 Advanced USC: 700 o C USC: 593 o C Best Practice State of the Art: 600 o C/620 o C Near future Average Efficiency in the World 32% 1960 1980 2000 2020 Next Generation Development Goal is Net Efficiency 46-48% Development matter - Material (Ni-base Alloy) - Design - Reliability Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 27

Development of Material for Advanced USC USC141: High Strength Ni-base Alloys (Upper Limit: 720 o C) Narrow Gap Hot Wire Techinology Y axis Z axis Oscillation motor (θ axis) Filler wire M Feeding motor Application Use; Turbine Moving Blade, Bucket Bolts, Boiler Tube FENIX700: Fe-Ni-base Alloys for Low Price, Large-scale Production (Upper Limit: 700 o C) Power source Wire heating Water cooled torch Power supply Tungsten electrode Wire torch Base metal Wire Sketch map of HST equipment 12.5 ton Stead Ingot for Turbine Rotor Application Use; Turbine Rotor Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 28

Reduction of CO 2 Emission Higher Thermal Efficiency, Lower CO2 Emission Plant Efficiency (Relative value %) 10 8 6 4 2 0 *HHV, Net output base CO2 Discharge (g-co2/kwh) 900 800 700-5% -7% Sub SC USC Sub SC USC Abbr) Pressure (MPa) Temperature ( o C) Sub: Sub-Critical 16.7 538/538 SC: Super Critical 24.1 566/566 USC: Ultra Super Critical 25.0 600/600 Assumption Ourselves Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 29

CCS (CO 2 Scrubbing) Accelerate Commercialization 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Pilot Test Demonstration Test Commercialization Joint Research by Power Companies (To 1995) NCCC Test Result Test with Organizations Overseas (2012) CCTF Project Conceptual Design of CO 2 Scrubbing (800MW class) Hitachi has participated in SaskPower CCS Project - Hitachi and SaskPower* 4 have collaborated to design and built Carbon Capture Test Facility (CCTF, 120 t-co2/day) at Shand Power Station. - Hitachi supplies the newly-designed steam turbine and generator for Boundary Dam CCS Project. (3000 t-co2/day) *1 NCCC:National Carbon Capture Center *2 MEA:Standard Solvent *3 H3-1:Hitachi Solvent *4 SaskPower : Utility company in Saskatchewan, Canada Boundary Dam Power Station Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 30

CCS (Oxy-fuel Combustion) Fundamental Study - Laboratory Test - Basic Combustion Test (0.4MWth Test Facility) Verification Study - Large Scale Combustion Test (4MWth Test Facility) - Total System Check (1.5MWth Test Facility) Demonstration Test Feasibility Study - Trial Design of Actual Plant (500MW class) - Cost Evaluation Burner Furnace Burner Furnace 4MWth Test Facility 30MWth Test Plant * 1 AQCS Furnace 0.4MWth Test Facility *1: Schwarze Pumpe (Vattenfall): Hitachi has conducted burner combustion test. 1.5MWth Test Facility Conceptual Design of Oxy-combustion (500MW class) Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 31

IGCC (Oxygen-blown IGCC) 1st Stage:IGCC (Oxygen-brown) 2nd Stage:CO 2 Capture O 2 Coal Fuel Gas(CO,H 2 ) Gas Turbine Steam Turbine Fuel Cell H 2 3rd Stage: IGCC/IGFC + CO 2 Capture Gasifier HRSG* Steam Shift Reactor ( ) CO 2,H 2 HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator CO,H 2 Shift Reaction CO + H 2 O -> CO 2 + H 2 CO 2 Capture Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 32

IGCC (Oxygen-blown IGCC) Gasifier Coal Feed Rate Gasification Pressure Syngas Volume Gas Clean-up Sulfur Recovery CO 2 Capture Unit Capacity GT Output O 2 -blown Entrained Flow Gasifier (2-stage Spiral Flow Type) 150 t/day 2.5 MPa 14,800m 3 N/h Absorption with MDEA Limestone-Gypsum 1,000m 3 N/h 8,000kW Gasifier and Char Recycle Unit Air Separation Unit Gas Clean-up Unit CO 2 Capture Unit (Sweet Shift + Chemical Absorption) Sulfur Recovery Unit Gas Turbine Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 33

IGCC (Oxygen-blown IGCC) Early Commercialization with Accelerated Demonstration Test 2012 2015 2020 2025 IGCC (Oxygen-blown) Carbon Capture IGCC (Oxygen-blown)/IGFC + Carbon Capture IGCC (Oxygen-blown) Commercial System IGCC (Oxygen-blown) + CCS Commercial System Osaki CoolGen Project (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Subsidy Project) Osaki CoolGen Project Gasifier Combined cycle 1,100 tons/day 170 MW class Demonstration Test Area Stared the Construction in March 2013 Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. 34