DEDE The Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), Ministry of Energy has the main role and functions in research development and promotion of alternative energy, as well as energy conservation. DEDE also publishes the annual publications of "Oil and Thailand", "Electric Power in Thailand" and "Thailand Energy Situation", apart from the main duties, in order to disseminate data and information on statistics of crude oil, natural gas, petroleum products, electricity, coal & lignite, renewable and related details gathered during the calendar year. In 24, DEDE produced a handy, pocket - sized summary of key energy data. This new report is the First Issue of Thailand Energy Summary. Key Thailand Energy Statistics contains timely data on the statistics of energy production, import, export, transformation and consumption, energy & economy and related details, which may be useful for further studies and references. In this regard, DEDE would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere appreciation to all government agencies and state enterprises as well as energy production and distribution companies for their excellent cooperation in providing useful data and information for this publication.
Page General Information on Thailand 1 World Energy 2-3 Production 4-5 Imports & Exports 6-9 Supply 1-11 Transformation 12-15 Consumption 16-27 Emissions 28 Energy Balances 29-32 Imported Prices 33 Energy and Economy 34-37 Energy Indicators 38-4 International Comparisons 41 Conversion Factors 42
Abbreviations Com. = Commercial GDP = Gross Domestic Product HSD = High Speed Diesel LPG = Liquefied Petroleum Gas NG. = Natural Gas NGL = Natural Gasoline Res. = Residential ULG = Unleaded Premium Gasoline Bcf bil Btu e Gcal Gj Gwh kcal ktoe mil MMscf MMscfd scf toe = Billion Cubic Feet = Billion = British Thermal Unit = Estimated Data = Gigacalories = Gigajoules = Gigawatt - Hour = Kilocalories (1 3 Calories) = Kilo Ton of Oil Equivalent = Million = Million Standard Cubic Feet = Million Standard Cubic Feet Per Day = Standard Cubic Feet = Ton of Oil Equivalent
General Information on Thailand 21 Area : 513,115 km 2 Population : 63,878 thousand Number of Provinces : Number of Households : Average Size of Households : 76 21,681,635 2.9 persons GDP (1988 Prices) : 4,596 1 9 Baht GDP Growth : 7.8 % GDP per capita : 71,947 Baht/capita GDP per household : 211,968 Baht/household Export : 6,176 1 9 Baht Import : 5,839 1 9 Baht Currency : 1 USD = 31.87 Baht 1
World Energy Total Primary Energy Supply by Fuel Mtoe 13,5 Other* 12, Combustible Renewables & Waste 1,5 Hydro Nuclear 9, Natural Gas 7,5 6, 4,5 Oil 3, 1,5 Coal 25 26 27 28 29 Source : IEA's Key World Energy Statistics 211 Other*.8% Combustible Renewables & Waste Coal 27.2% 1.2% 2.3% Hydro 5.8% Nuclear Oil 32.8% 2.9% Natural Gas 2 * Other includes geothermal, solar, wind and heat, etc.
World Energy Total Final Energy Consumption by Fuel Mtoe 9, 8, Other* 7, Combustible Renewables & Waste 6, Natural Gas 5, 4, Electricity 3, 2, Oil 1, Coal 25 26 27 28 29 Source : IEA's Key World Energy Statistics 21 Oil Electricity 41.3% 17.3% 15.2% 1.% 12.9% 3.3% Natural Coal Combustible Gas Other* Renewables & Waste * Other includes geothermal, solar, wind and heat, etc. 3
Production Domestic Production of Primary Energy Domestic Production of Primary Energy (ktoe) 26 27 28 29 21 Total 55,3 58,72 62,487 64,966 71,515 Commercial Energy 38,273 39,845 43,28 45,461 5,447 Crude Oil* 6,512 6,911 7,946 8,367 8,475 Condensate 3,522 3,67 4,32 3,95 4,368 Natural Gas 21,131 22,553 24,91 26,783 31,47 Lignite 5,37 4,912 4,743 4,775 4,966 Hydro and Others** 1,81 1,799 1,577 1,586 1,231 Renewable Energy*** 17,27 18,227 19,279 19,55 21,68 *Including feedstocks, ethanol and biodiesel. **Others include geothermal, solar cell and wind power. ***Excluding biogas, black liquor & residual gas. Renewable Energy*** 1.7% Hydro and Others** 29.5% Lignite 6.9% Crude Oil* 11.9% 43.9% 6.1% Condensate Natural Gas 4 Domestic Production of Primary Energy (Physical unit) Domestic Production of Primary Energy Commercial Energy Crude Oil* (mil. litres) 7,585 8,62 9,282 9,781 9,911 Condensate (mil. litres) 4,499 4,689 5,151 5,47 5,58 Natural Gas (MMscf) 86,26 917,897 1,13,833 1,9,82 1,278,254 Lignite (1 3 ton) 19,1 18,239 17,982 17,786 18,344 Hydro and Others** (Gwh) 8,128 8,117 7,118 7,16 5,565 Renewable Energy*** (1 3 ton) 55,13 59,572 63,352 64,665 68,727
Production Trends of Domestic Production of Primary Energy 26-21 ktoe 3, 27, 24, 21, 18, 15, 12, 9, 6, 3, Crude Oil* Natural Gas Hydro and Others** Condensate Lignite Renewable Energy*** Shares of Domestic Production of Primary Energy 26-21 ktoe 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Renewable Energy*** Lignite Condensate Hydro and Others** Natural Gas Crude Oil* 5
Imports & Exports Energy Imports Energy Imports* (ktoe) Commercial Energy 58,727 58,882 6,72 62,824 65,52 Crude Oil 41,388 39,858 4,641 41,163 4,734 Petroleum Products 1,383 825 364 429 161 Natural Gas 8,484 8,869 9,434 9,364 11,385 Coal & Its Products 7,32 8,947 1,26 1,27 1,669 Electricity 44 383 237 28 621 Condensate - - - 1,39 1,482 *Excluding renewable energy. Coal & Its Products Natural Gas 2% Petroleum Products Condensate Electricity 2.3% 16.4% 17.5%.2% 1.% 62.6% Crude Oil 6 Energy Imports (Physical unit) Energy Imports* Commercial Energy Crude Oil (mil. litres) 48,126 46,347 47,257 46,71 47,365 Petroleum Products (mil. litres) 1,54 932 44 493 182 Natural Gas (MMscf) 345,292 36,985 383,98 381,126 463,393 Coal & Its Products (1 3 ton) 11,157 14,271 16,12 16,317 17,11 Electricity (Gwh) 5,159 4,491 2,785 2,439 7,287 Condensate 4,776 1,894
Imports & Exports Trends of Energy Imports 26-21 ktoe 5, 45, 4, 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Crude Oil Petroleum Products Natural Gas Coal & Its Products Condensate Shares of Energy Imports 26-21 ktoe Condensate Coal & Its Products Natural Gas Petroleum Products Crude Oil 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 7
Imports & Exports Energy Exports Energy Exports* (ktoe) Commercial Energy 1,315 9,337 11,73 12,531 12,88 Coal & Its Products - ** 47 18 13 Crude Oil*** 3,318 2,67 2,437 2,152 1,57 Condensate - - - - - Natural Gasoline 99 12 19 88 13 Petroleum Products 6,834 6,549 9,9 1,14 1,327 Electricity 64 79 11 133 138 *Excluding renewable energy. **Less than.5. ***Including Ethanol. Electricity Coal & Its Products Crude Oil Natural Gasoline.1% 12.5% 1.1%.9% 85.4% Petroleum Products 8 Energy Exports (Physical unit) Energy Exports* Commercial Energy Coal & Its Products (1 3 ton) - ** 75 27 21 Crude Oil*** (mil. litres) 3,858 3,34 2,843 2,54 1,759 Condensate (mil. litres) - - - - - Natural Gasoline (mil. litres) 126 13 139 112 132 Petroleum Products (mil. litres) 8,399 7,747 1,43 11,682 11,973 Electricity (Gwh) 75 926 1,18 1,56 1,615
Imports & Exports Trends of Energy Exports 26-21 ktoe 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Crude Oil Natural Gasoline Electricity Condensate Shares of Energy Exports 26-21 ktoe 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Coal & Its Products Petroleum Products Condensate Petroleum Products Coal & Its Products Electricity Natural Gasoline Crude Oil 9
Supply Primary Energy Supply 26 27 28 29 Primary Energy Supply (ktoe) 21 Total* 14,682 18,488 111,158 113,492 123,673 Commercial Energy 87,628 9,261 91,844 93,987 12,553 Crude Oil** 46,413 46,38 46,699 47,344 48,587 Condensate & NGL 2,963 2,991 3,345 4,841 4,937 Natural Gas 29,615 31,422 34,344 36,147 42,792 Coal & Its Products 12,263 13,866 14,947 14,27 14,996 Petroleum Products (5,83) (6,429) (9,24) (1,213) (1,473) Electricity 2,177 2,13 1,713 1,661 1,714 Renewable Energy*** 17,54 18,227 19,314 19,55 21,12 *Domestic Production + Import - Export +/- Stock Change **Including feedstocks, ethanol and biodiesel. ***Excluding biogas, black liquor & residual gas. Renewable Energy*** 17.1% 82.9% 1 Primary Energy (Physical unit) Commercial Energy 26 27 28 29 21 Primary Energy Supply Commercial Energy Crude Oil** (mil. litres) 53,985 53,87 54,346 55,11 56,555 Condensate & NGL (mil. litres) 3,786 3,821 4,273 6,186 6,38 Natural Gas (Bcf) 1,25 1,279 1,398 1,471 1,742 Coal & Its Products 3,9 32,392 34,429 32,789 34,193 (1 3 ton) Petroleum Products (7,4) (7,721) (1,776) (11,948) (12,356) (mil. litres) Electricity (Gwh) 12,537 11,682 8,723 8,39 11,237 Renewable Energy*** (1 3 ton) 55,52 59,563 63,352 64,665 68,727
Supply Trends of Primary Energy Supply 26-21 ktoe 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Commercial Energy Renewable Energy*** Shares of Primary Energy Supply 26-21 ktoe Renewable Energy*** Commercial Energy 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, 11
Transformation Petroleum Products Petroleum Products* (ktoe) Total 4,5 4,351 41,63 43,233 44,372 LPG 4,556 4,885 5,394 5,764 6,631 Gasoline & Gasohol 6,774 6,485 6,296 6,594 6,513 Kerosene 857 17 159 84 389 Jet Fuel 4,578 4,351 4,96 4,884 5,65 Diesel & Palm Diesel 17,325 18,421 18,375 19,394 2,97 Fuel Oil 5,96 6,12 6,5 6,513 5,677 *Including petroleum products from petroleum refineries, NG. processing plants & other conversion 12 Gasoline & Kerosene Gasohol.9% Jet Fuel LPG 14.7% 11.4% 14.9% 45.3% 12.8% Fuel Oil Petroleum Products (Physical unit) Petroleum Products* (mil.litres) Diesel & Palm Diesel Total 49,399 49,762 51,429 53,495 55,282 LPG 7,23 7,752 8,56 9,147 1,522 Gasoline & Gasohol 9,91 8,73 8,449 8,851 8,742 Kerosene 1,48 131 195 13 476 Jet Fuel 5,61 5,323 6,2 5,975 6,196 Diesel & Palm Diesel 2,97 21,37 21,317 22,499 23,315 Fuel Oil 6,332 6,483 6,96 6,92 6,31
Transformation Trends of Petroleum Products 26-21 Fuel Oil Jet Fuel ktoe 5, Gasoline & Gasohol LPG 4, 3, 2, 1, Capacity of Petroleum Refineries barrel / day 1,2, 1,1, 1,, 9, 8, Capacity of NG. Processing Plants MMscfd 2,4 2,1 1,8 1,5 1,2 9 6 3 Diesel & Palm Diesel Kerosene 13
Transformation Electricity (Installed Capacity) Installed Capacity (MW) Thermal Plants 23,338 24,87 27,24 27,16 27,968 Hydro Power 3,476 3,475 3,481 3,488 3,488 Other* 1 3 3 13 29 *Including geothermal, solar cell and wind power, etc. MW 4, 3, 2, 1, Installed Capacity Peak Generation Electricity (National Grid Generation) Electricity (Gwh) Total 143,151 146,943 149,32 149,269 165,19 Generation 138,742 143,378 147,427 148,39 159,518 Net Import 4,49 3,565 1,65 879 5,672 14 Gwh 18, 15, 12, 9, 6, 3, Generation Net Import
Transformation Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation 26 27 28 29 Fuel Consumption (ktoe) 21 Total 28,755 3,598 31,373 31,394 34,21 Fuel Oil 1,911 888 337 149 227 Diesel 35 21 39 22 34 Coal & Lignite 4,774 6,885 7,23 6,714 6,756 Natural Gas 2,86 21,368 22,97 22,543 24,912 Renewable Energy 916 1,138 1,414 1,626 1,653 Other* 255 292 267 34 566 Biogas 4 6 16 36 62 *Including black liquor and residual gas from production processes,etc. Biogas.2% Renewable Energy Other* Fuel Oil Diesel 1.6%.7%.1% 4.8% 19.8% 72.8% Coal & Lignite Natural Gas Electricity (Fuel Consumption) (Physical unit) Fuel Consumption Fuel Oil (mil.litres) 2,3 943 358 158 241 Diesel (mil.litres) 41 24 45 25 39 Coal & Lignite (1 3 ton) 17,166 2,549 21,435 2,218 2,438 Natural Gas (MMscf) 857,13 877,862862 97,327 925,984984 1,23,888 Renewable Energy (1 3 ton) 3,916 4,995 6,12 7,61 7,173 Other* (TJ) 1,766 12,335 11,286 12,845 23,931 Biogas (mil.m 3 ) 8 12 32 73 124 15
Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel Final Energy Consumption (ktoe) Total 63,257 64,866 65,89 66,698 7,247 Coal & Its Products 7,489 6,981 7,744 7,493 8,24 Petroleum Products 31,65 32,298 31,27 31,661 32,96 Natural Gas 2,234 2,594 3,153 3,568 3,769 Electricity 1,891 11,348 11,541 11,521 12,724 Renewable Energy 1,993 11,645 12,245 12,455 13,418 Petroleum Products Coal & Its Products 11.7% 45.7% 19.1% Natural Gas 5.4% 18.1% Renewable Energy Electricity 16 Final Energy Consumption by Fuel (Physical unit) Final Energy Consumption Coal & Its Products (1 3 ton) Petroleum Products (mil. litres) Natural Gas (MMscf) 92,416 17,293 13,43 147,568 155,868 Electricity (Gwh) 127,811 133,178 135,449 135,29 149,32 Renewable Energy (1 3 ton) 12,843 11,843 12,994 12,571 34,197 36,664 38,677 39,67 13,755 38,916 39,939 38,912 39,478 4,199 41,712
Consumption Trends of Final Energy Consumption by Fuel 26-21 ktoe 45, 4, 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Coal & Its Products Petroleum Products Natural Gas Electricity Renewable Energy Shares of Final Energy Consumption by Fuel 26-21 ktoe 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Renewable Energy Electricity Natural Gas Petroleum Products Coal & Its Products 17
Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Economic Sector Final Energy Consumption (ktoe) 26 27 28 29 Total 63,257 64,866 65,89 54,243 7,247 Agriculture 3,312 3,448 3,446 3,477 3,499 Industry* 23,711 23,781 24,421 17,366 25,571 Residential 9,34 9,533 9,958 4,328 1,963 Commercial 4,215 4,489 5,41 4,94 5,62 Transportation 22,985 23,615 23,24 24,132 24,594 *Industry = Manufacturing + Mining + Construction Shares of Final Energy Consumption by Economic Sector 21 21 Transportation 35.% Agriculture 5.% 36.4% Industry* 8.% 15.6% Commercial Residential 18
Consumption Trends of Final Energy Consumption by Economic Sector 26-21 ktoe Agriculture Industry* Residential Commercial Transportation 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Shares of Final Energy Consumption by Economic Sector 26-21 ktoe Transportation Commercial Residential Industry* Agriculture 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, *Industry = Manufacturing + Mining + Construction 19
Consumption Final Energy Consumption for Economic Sector by Fuel 21 Final Energy Agricul- Indus- Trans- Consumption ture try* Res. Com. porta- Total (ktoe) tion Coal & Its - 8,24 - - - 8,24 Products Petroleum 3,47 2,79 1,652 1,193 22,991 32,96 Products Natural Gas - 2,171-1 1,597 3,769 Electricity 29 5,422 2,841 4,426 6 12,724 Renewable - 6,948 6,47 - - 13,418 Energy Total 3,499 25,571 1,963 5,62 24,594 7,247 *Industry = Manufacturing + Mining + Construction Shares of Final Energy Consumption for Economic Sector by Fuel 21 ktoe 25, 2, 15, Coal & Its Products Petroleum Products Natural Gas Electricity New & Renewable Energy 2 1, 5, Agriculture Industry* Res. Com. Transportation
Consumption Coal & Its Products Consumption in Manufacturing ktoe 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Natural Gas Consumption in Manufacturing and Transportation ktoe Manufacturing Transportation 3, 2,5 2, 1,5 1, 5 New & Renewable Energy Consumption in Manufacturing and Households ktoe Manufacturing Households 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 21
Consumption Petroleum Products Consumption by Economic Sector Petroleum Products (ktoe) Total 31,65 32,298 31,27 31,661 32,96 Agriculture 3,291 3,425 3,422 3,45 3,47 Industry* 3,446 3,266 2,938 2,736 2,79 Residential 1,31 1,435 1,67 1,74 1,652 Commercial 75 77 875 868 1,193 Transportation 22,898 23,42 22,365 22,867 22,991 *Industry = Manufacturing + Mining + Construction Industry* 1.8% Residential 5.2% 8.7% Commercial 3.7% 71.6% Agriculture Transportation 22 Petroleum Products Consumption by Economic Sector (Physical unit) Petroleum Products (million litres) Total 38,916 39,939 38,912 39,478 4,199 Agriculture 3,827 3,984 3,979 4,14 4,36 Industry* 4,6 3,94 3,624 3,373 3,537 Residential 2,77 2,273 2,548 2,758 2,62 Commercial 1,118 1,222 1,388 1,377 1,892 Transportation 27,834 28,52 27,373 27,956 28,114
Consumption Trends of Petroleum Products Consumption by Economic Sector 26-21 ktoe 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Agriculture Residential Transportation Industry* Commercial Shares of Petroleum Products Consumption by Economic Sector 26-21 ktoe 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Transportation Residential Commercial Industry* *Industry = Manufacturing + Mining + Construction 23
Consumption Electricity Consumption by Economic Sector Electricity Consumption (ktoe) Total 1,891 11,348 11,541 11,521 12,724 Agriculture 21 23 24 27 29 Industry* 5,54 5,212 4,893 4,829 5,422 Residential 2,31 2,389 2,453 2,588 2,841 Commercial 3,51 3,719 4,166 4,72 4,426 Transportation 5 5 5 5 6 *Industry = Manufacturing + Mining + Construction Agriculture.2%.1% Transportation Industry* 42.6% 34.8% Residential 22.3% Commercial 24 Electricity Consumption by Economic Sector (Physical unit) Electricity Consumption (Gwh) 26 27 28 29 21 Total 127,811 133,178 135,449 135,29 149,32 Agriculture 24 268 282 318 336 Industry* 59,315 61,168 57,429 56,67 63,63 Residential 27,5 28,41 28,785 3,371 33,337 Commercial 41,193 43,643 48,893 47,788 51,943 Transportation 58 58 6 62 74
Consumption Trends of Electricity Consumption by Economic Sector 26-21 ktoe 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Agriculture Residential Transportation Shares of Electricity Consumption by Economic Sector 26-21 Industry* Commercial ktoe 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Transportation Commercial Residential Industry* *Industry = Manufacturing + Mining + Construction 25
Consumption Alternative Energy Consumption 29 Alternative Energy Consumption (ktoe) Electricity (Solar Wind Hydro Biomass Garbage and Biogas) Heat (Solar Biomass Garbage and Biogas) Biofuel (Ethanol and Biodiese) Total 21 282 269 3,557 4,329 798 82 4,637 5,418 Final Energy Consumption 66,698 7,247 Percentage of Alternative Energy Consumption 7. 7.8 ktoe 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 798 82 3,557 4,329 282 269 29 21 Biofuel Heat Electricity 26 1. 8. 6. 4. 2.. 7.% 7.8% 29 21
Consumption Shares of Alternative Energy Fuel Consumption 21 85.1% Biomass Garbage Solar.14% Biogas.64% 6.77% 7.43% Hydro.1% Wind 91.19% Biomass Garbage.3%.3% Solar Biogas 8.75% 59.39% Biodiesel 4.61% Ethanol 27
Emissions CO 2 Emissions* CO 2 Emissions (1 3 ton) 26 27 28 29 Total 191,281 195,847 198,146 197,657 216,363 Transportation 53,818 54,554 52,38 55,342 56,18 Power 75,839 82,87 83,37 81,797 97,384 Manufacturing 45,567 42,318 45,23 42,786 44,514 Res. & Com. 5,345 5,849 6,389 6,916 7,234 Others** 1,712 11,39 1,984 1,816 11,123 *Excluding emission from renewable energy and international bunker oil, diesel and jet fuel. **Including agriculture, construction and mining. 21 28 ktoe Others** Res. & Com. 27, Manufacturing Power 24, Transportation 21, 18, 15, 12, 9, 6, 3,
Energy Balances Thailand Energy Commodity Account 29 Unit : physical - unit SUPPLY AND Coal Crude Natural Condensate & Products city able and Liquor & Petroleum Hydro Electri- Renew- Others** Black Total CONSUMPTION & Its Oil* Gas Products NGL Waste Residual Gas (1 3 ton) (1 6 litre) MMscf (1 6 litre) (1 6 litre) (Gwh) (Gwh) (1 3 ton) (Gwh) (GJ) Domestic Production 17,786 9,781 1,9,82 5,47-7,16-64,665 ***** 12 12,845,95 Imports 16,317 46,71 *** 381,126 **** 1,776 493-2,439 78 - - Exports (27) (2,54) - (112) (11,682) - (1,56) (24) - - Stock Changes/Statistical Differences (1,287) 1,132 - (525) (759) - - - - - Total Primary Energy Supply 32,789 55,11 1,471,28 6,186 (11,948) 7,16 879 64,719 ***** 12 12,845,95 Petroleum Refineries - (54,897) - (469) 48,336 - - - - - NG. Processing Plants - - (165,125) 792 4,492 - - - - - Power Plants (2,218) - (925,984) - (183) (7,16) 148,39 ***** (7,61) (12) (12,845,95) Other Transformation - - - - 667 - - (17,988) - - Total Transformation (2,218) (54,897) (1,91,19) 323 53,312 (7,16) 148,39 ***** (25,49) (12) (12,845,95) Own Uses - - (183,837) - - - (5,284) - - - Losses - (213) - - - - (8,776) - - - Total Final Energy Consumption 12,571-196,262 6,59 41,364-135,29 39,67 - - Non - Energy Uses - - 48,694 6,59 1,886 - - - - - Final Energy Consumption 12,571-147,568-39,478-135,29 39,67 - - Agriculture - - - - 4,14-318 - - - Industry ****** 12,571-95,465-3,373-56,67 27,972 - - Residential - - - - 2,758-3,371 - - - Commercial - - 15-1,377-47,788 11,698 - - Transportation - - 52,88-27,956-62 - - - CO 2 emission (unit : Mt) 198 *Including feedstocks, ethanol and biodiesel. **Including geothermal, solar cell and wind power, etc. ***Addition base gasoline high sulpher diesel 93 million litres. ****Addition feedstocks propone butane 1,394 million litres (43,563 MMscf). *****Excluding biogas 72,952,533 m 3. ******Including manufacturing, mining and construction. 29
3 Energy Balances Thailand Energy Balance 29 Unit : ktoe SUPPLY AND Coal Crude Natural Condensate Petroleum Hydro Electri- Renew- Others** Black Total CONSUMPTION & Its Oil* Gas & Products city able and Liquor & Products NGL Waste Residual Gas Domestic Production 4,775 8,367 26,783 3,95-1,586-19,55 ***** 1 34 65,271 Imports 1,27 4,163 *** 9,364 **** 1,39 429-28 53 - - 61,877 Exports (18) (2,152) - (88) (1,14) - (133) (16) - - (12,547) Stock Changes/Statistical Differences (82) 966 - (411) (52) - - - - - (767) Total Primary Energy Supply 14,27 47,344 36,147 4,841 (1,213) 1,586 75 19,542 ***** 1 34 113,834 Petroleum Refineries - (47,161) - (367) 39,982 - - - - - (7,546) NG. Processing Plants - - (4,392) 62 2,831 - - - - - (941) Power Plants (6,714) - (22,543) - (171) (1,586) 12,644 (1,626) ***** (1) (34) (2,31) Other Transformation - - - - 42 - - (5,461) - - (5,41) Total Transformation (6,714) (47,161) (26,935) 253 43,62 (1,586) 12,644 (7,87)***** (1) (34) (33,829) Own Uses - - (4,466) - - - (45) - - - (4,916) Losses - (183) - - - - (748) - - - (931) Total Final Energy Consumption 7,493-4,746 5,94 32,849-11,521 12,455 - - 74,158 Non - Energy Uses - - 1,178 5,94 1,188 - - - - - 7,46 Final Energy Consumption 7,493-3,568-31,661-11,521 12,455 - - 66,698 Agriculture - - - - 3,45-27 - - - 3,477 Industry ****** 7,493-2,38-2,736-4,829 6,694 - - 24,6 Residential - - - - 1,74-2,588 5,761 - - 1,89 Commercial - - - 868-4,72 - - - 4,94 Transportation - - 1,26-22,867-5 - - - 24,132 CO 2 emission (unit : Mt) 198 *Including feedstocks, ethanol and biodiesel. **Including geothermal, solar cell and wind power, etc. ***Addition base gasoline high sulpher diesel 8 ktoe. ****Addition feedstocks propone butane 1,7 ktoe. *****Excluding biogas 36 ktoe. ******Including manufacturing, mining and construction. () Less than.5.
Energy Balances Thailand Energy Commodity Account 21 Unit : physical - unit SUPPLY AND Coal Crude Natural Condensate & Products city able and Liquor & Petroleum Hydro Electri- Renew- Others** Black Total CONSUMPTION & Its Oil* Gas Products NGL Waste Residual Gas (1 3 ton) (1 6 litre) MMscf (1 6 litre) (1 6 litre) (Gwh) (Gwh) (1 3 ton) (Gwh) (GJ) Domestic Production 18,344 9,911 1,278,254 5,58-5,565-68,727 **** 28 23,931,79 Imports 17,11 47,365 463,393 *** 1,894 182-7,287 93 - - Exports (21) (1,799) - (132) (11,973) - (1,615) (13) - - Stock Changes/Statistical Differences (1,141) 1,38 - (1,34) (565) - - - - - Total Primary Energy Supply 34,193 56,515 1,741,647 6,38 (12,356) 5,565 5,672 68,87 **** 28 23,931,79 Petroleum Refineries - (56,339) - (475) 47,264 - - - - - NG. Processing Plants - - (253,657) 81 7,37 - - - - - Power Plants (2,438) - (1,23,888) - (28) (5,565) 159,518 (7,173) **** (28) (23,931,79) Other Transformation - - - - 711 - - (19,922) - - Total Transformation (2,438) (56,339) (1,277,545) 335 55,2 (5,565) 159,518 (27,95)**** (28) (23,931,79) Own Uses - - (251,21) - - - (5,749) - - - Losses - (216) - - - - (1,121) - - - Total Final Energy Consumption 13,755-27,81 6,643 42,646-149,32 41,712 - - Non - Energy Uses - - 51,213 6,643 2,447 - - - - - Final Energy Consumption 13,755-155,868-4,199-149,32 41,712 - Agriculture - - - - 4,36-336 - - - Industry ***** 13,755-89,785-3,537-63,63 28,529 - - Residential - - - - 2,62-33,337 - - - Commercial - - 33-1,892-51,943 13,183 - - Transportation - - 66,5-28,114-74 - - - CO 2 emission (unit : Mt) 198 *Including feedstocks, ethanol and biodiesel. **Including geothermal, solar cell and wind power, etc. ***Including propone and butane import 91,592 MMscf. ****Excluding biogas 124,765,114 m 3. *****Including manufacturing, mining and construction. 31
32 Energy Balances Thailand Energy Balance 21 Unit : ktoe SUPPLY AND Coal Crude Natural Condensate Petroleum Hydro Electri- Renew- Others** Black Total CONSUMPTION & Its Oil* Gas & Products city able and Liquor & Products NGL Waste Residual Gas Domestic Production 4,966 8,475 31,47 4,368-1,231-21,68 **** 2 566 72,83 Imports 1,669 4,734 11,385 *** 1,482 161-621 61 - - 65,113 Exports (13) (1,57) - (13) (1,327) - (138) (9) - - (12,97) Stock Changes/Statistical Differences (626) 885 - (81) (37) - - - - - (858) Total Primary Energy Supply 14,996 48,587 42,792 4,937 (1,473) 1,231 483 21,12 **** 2 566 124,241 Petroleum Refineries - (48,41) - (372) 39,319 - - - - - (9,454) NG. Processing Plants - - (6,63) 634 4,65 - - - - - (1,364) Power Plants (6,756) - (24,912) - (261) (1,231) 13,593 (1,653) (2) (566) (21,788) Other Transformation - - - - 448 - - (6,49)**** - - (5,61) Total Transformation (6,756) (48,41) (31,515) 262 44,111 (1,231) 13,593 (7,72) **** (2) (566) (38,27) Own Uses - - (6,27) - - - (49) - - - (6,76) Losses - (186) - - - - (862) - - - (1,48) Total Final Energy Consumption 8,24-5,7 5,199 33,638-12,724 13,418 - - 78,226 Non - Energy Uses - - 1,238 5,199 1,542 - - - - - 7,979 Final Energy Consumption 8,24-3,769-32,96-12,724 13,418 - - 7,247 Agriculture - - - - 3,47-29 - - - 3,499 Industry ***** 8,24-2,171-2,79-5,422 6,948 - - 25,571 Residential - - - - 1,652-2,841 6,47 - - 1,963 Commercial - - 1-1,193-4,426 - - - 5,62 Transportation - - 1,597-22,991-6 - - - 24,594 CO 2 emission (unit : Mt) 198 *Including feedstocks, ethanol and biodiesel. **Including geothermal, solar cell and wind power, etc. ***Including propone and butane import 2,25 ktoe. ****Excluding biogas 62 ktoe. *****Including manufacturing, mining and construction.
Imported Prices Average Prices of Energy Imports TYPE Crude Oil 1, Baht / toe 18.19 17.95 24.56 15.46 18.5 US.$ / toe 478.41 517.39 733.46 448.38 58.54 US.$ / bbl 65.41 7.77 1.29 61.31 79.38 Condensate 1, Baht / toe - - - 17.76 16.5 US.$ / toe - - - 515.32 53.56 US.$ / bbl - - - 64.13 8.6 Natural Gas 1, Baht / toe 8.24 7.94 1.22 9.93 1.8 US.$ / toe 216.61 228.8 35.34 287.97 338.99 US.$ / 1, scf 5.32 5.62 7.5 7.8 8.33 Petroleum Products 1, Baht / toe 17.1 18.68 24.14 15.76 2.28 US.$ / toe 447.33 538.41 72.93 457.13 636.29 US.$ / bbl 65.38 75.77 13.1 63.31 89.5 Coal & Its Products* 1, Baht / toe 2.66 2.99 3.64 3.59 3.7 US.$ / toe 7.3 86.1 18.65 14.18 115.98 US.$ / ton 44.13 53.18 69.52 65.57 72.74 Electricity 1, Baht / toe 19.1 19.68 18.24 16.98 11.71 US.$ / toe 499.82 567.42 544.72 492.71 367.55 US.$ / kwh 1.62 1.68 1.55 1.45 1. *Average from anthracite, bituminous, coke, briquettes, and other coal. 33
Energy and Economy Final Energy Consumption, Electricity Consumption, Petroleum Products Consumption and GDP Final Energy Electricity Petroleum GDP Year Consump- Consump- Products at 1988 tion tion Consumption* Prices (ktoe) (ktoe) (ktoe) (mil. Baht) 26 63,257 1,891 33,596 4,54,54 27 64,886 11,348 33,227 4,259,26 28 65,89 11,541 31,583 4,364,833 29 66,698 11,521 31,832 4,263,139 21 7,247 12,724 32,357 4,595,89 *Including petroleum products consumption for electricity generation. Relations of Energy and Economy p p ktoe 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, GDP at 1988 Price Final Energy Consumption Electricity Consumption Petroleum Products Consumption mil. Baht 5,, 4,5, 4,, 3,5, 3,, 2,5, 2,, 34
Energy and Economy Energy Consumption Per Capita Year GDP Final Energy Electricity Petroleum at 1988 Consumption Consumption Products Prices Consumption per Capita per Capita per Capita per Capita (Baht/capita) (toe/capita) (toe/capita) (toe/capita) 26 64,532 1.7.173.535 27 67,563 1.29.18.527 28 68,857 1.39.182.498 29 67,11 1.5.181.51 21 71,947 1.98.199.57 Relations of Energy and Economy toe/ capita 1.6 1.4 1.2 1..8.6.4.2. GDP at 1988 Prices per Capita Final Energy Consumption per Capita Baht / capita 74, 72, 7, 68, 66, 64, 62, 6, 35
Energy and Economy Energy Intensity & Elasticity GDP Final Energy Energy % % Year at 1988 Energy Intensity Elasticity Change Change Prices Consump- (ktoe of of (million tion / million GDP Comsump- Baht) (ktoe) Baht) tion 26 4,54,54 63,257.16.3 5.1 1.4 27 4,259,26 64,866.15.5 5. 2.6 28 4,364,833 65,89.15.6 2.5 1.6 29 4,263,139p 66,698.16 (.5) (2.3) 1.2 21 4,595,89 p 7,247.15.7 7.8 5.3.9.6.3. -.3 Energy Intensity Energy Elasticity -.6 36
Energy and Economy Energy Intensity & Elasticity (Industry * ) GDP Final Energy Energy % % at 1988 Energy Intensity Elasticity Change Change Year Prices** Consump- (ktoe of of (million tion*** / million GDP* Comsump- Baht) (ktoe) Baht) tion** 26 1,777,771 23,711.13.6 5.7 3.5 27 1,881,971 23,781.13.1 5.9.3 28 1,941,881 24,421.13.9 3.2 2.7 p 29 1,836,671 24,6.13.3 (5.4) (1.5) 21 2,76,392 25,571.12.5 13.1 6.3 *Including manufacturing, mining and constuction. **GDP at 1988 prices for Industry. ** Final Energy Consumption for Industry. 2. p 1.5 Energy Intensity Energy Elasticity 1..5. 37
Energy Indicators Proportion of Imported Energy Dependency Total Final Energy Dependency Dependency Primary Energy Imports on Imported on Imported Energy Consum- Energy Energy Year Supply ption (% of Total (% of Final Primary Energy Energy Consum- Supply) ption (ktoe) (ktoe) (ktoe) (%) (%) 26 14,941 63,257 58,755 56 93 27 18,78 64,886 58,93 54 91 28 111,441 65,89 6,745 56 92 29 113,869 66,698 61,877 54 93 21 124,31 7,247 65,113 52 93 % 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dependency on Imported Energy (% of Total Primary Energy Supply) Dependency on Imported Energy (% of Final Energy Consumption) e 38
Energy Indicators Energy Values Energy Values (thousand mil. Baht) 26 27 28 1. Energy Imports 873 835 1,15 794 957 Petroleum 846 81 1,19 753 911 Coal & Its Products 19 26 37 37 39 Electricity 8 8 4 4 7 Renewable Energy 2. Energy Exports 197 177 284 29 232 Petroleum 195 175 281 25 229 Coal & Its Products Electricity 2 2 3 4 3 Renewable Energy 3. Net Energy Imports 676 658 866 585 725 4. Commodity Imports 4,943 4,87 5,962 4,61 5,839 5. Commodity Exports 4,937 5,32 5,851 5,195 6,176 6. GDP (at Current p p Market Prices) 7,845 8,525 9,8 9,42 1,13 7. Energy Import Value as a Percentage of GDP 11.1 9.8 12.7 8.8 9.5 Commodity Import 17.7 17.1 19.3 17.3 16.4 Commodity Export 17.7 15.7 19.7 15.3 15.5 8. Final Energy Consumption Value 1,357 1,383 1,593 1,426 1,639 Note : Data shown as "" means figure is less than.5. 29 21 p p 39
Energy Indicators Key Energy Indicators 1. Primary Energy 14,941 18,78 111,441 113,869 124,31 Supply (ktoe) Growth(%) 1.5 3.7 2.5 2.2 9.2 Per capita(toe/capita) 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 2. 2. Final Energy 63,257 64,886 65,89 66,698 7,247 Consumption (ktoe) Growth(%) 1.4 2.6 1.6 1.2 5.3 Per capita(toe/capita) 1. 1. 1. 1.1 1.1 3. GDP at 1988 prices 4,55 4,529 4,365 4,263 4,596 (thousand mil. Baht) Growth(%) 5.1 5. 2.5 (2.3) 7.8 Per capita(baht/capita) 64,532 67,563 68,857 67,11 71,947 4. Petroleum Products 38,916 39,939 38,912 39,478 4,199 (million litres) Growth(%) (1.9) 2.6 (2.6) 1.5 1.8 Per capita(litres/capita) 619 634 614 622 629 5. Electricity (Gwh) 127,811 133,178 135,449 135,29 149,32 Growth(%) 5.4 4.2 1.7 (.2) 1.4 Per capita(kwh/capita) 2,34 2,113 2,137 2,128 2,338 6. Value of Net Energy 676,869 658,175 85,66 585,59 724,82 Imports(mil. Baht) Growth(%) 12.9 (2.8) 29.2 (31.1) 23.8 Per capita(baht/capita) 1,773 1,441 13,41 9,218 11,347 7. Value of Final Energy 1,357,411 1,382,692 1,592,675 1,426,465 1,639,515 Consumption(mil. Baht) Growth(%) 14.6 1.9 15.2 (1.4) 14.9 Per capita(baht/capita) 21,65 21,934 25,125 22,455 25,666 8. Energy Intensity.16.15.15.16.15 (ktoe / mil. Baht) 9. Energy Elasticity.271.511.623 (.526).682 1. Populations (thousand inhabitants) 62,829 63,38 63,39 63,525 63,878 4
International Comparisons International Comparisons 29 Thailand Malaysia China Japan Germany USA Population mil.inhabitants Gross Domestic Products (GDP) in bil 2 USD Primary Energy Consumption Mtoe Primary Energy Consumption/GDP toe/ thousand 2 USD Primary Energy Consumption toe/capita Electricity Consumption kwh/capita CO 2 Emission tons/capita 67.8 173.9 12.4.59 1.5 2,73. 3.4 27.5 137.1 6.8.44 2.2 3,677. 6. 1,331.5 2,937.6 2,187.7.75 1.6 2,631. 5.1 127.3 4,872.2 473..1 3.7 7,833. 8.6 81.9 1,998.7 37.4.15 3.8 6,781. 9.2 37.5 11,357.1 2,24.1.19 7.2 12,884. 16.9 Source : IEA's Key World Energy Statistics 21. Bp Statistical Review of World Energy 21. Primary Energy Consumpiton per USD of GDP toe per thousand 2 USD Using Market Exchange 1.2 1..8.6.4.2. Thailand Malaysia China Japan Germany USA 25 26 27 28 29 41
42 Conversion Factors TYPE OF ENERGY AND FUEL UNIT COMMERCIAL ENERGY 1. Crude Oil litre 2. Condensate litre 3. Natural Gas scf. 4. Petroleum Products 4.1 LPG litre 4.2 Gasoline litre 4.3 Kerosene litre 4.4 Aviation Fuel litre 4.5 Diesel litre 4.6 Fuel Oil litre 4.7 Bitumen litre 5. Electricity kwh 6. Coal (Import) kg. 7. Coke kg. 8. Anthracite kg. 9. Lignite kg. RENEWABLE ENERGY 1. Fuel Wood kg. 2. Charcoal kg. 3. Paddy Husk kg. 4. Bagasse kg. 5. Garbage kg. 6. Saw Dust kg. 7. Agricultural Waste kg. General 1 kcal 1 toe 1 barrel = = = = = = 4186 3.968 1.93 42.244 4.47 x 1 6 158.99 Joules Btu Gcal GJ Btu Litres toe/ 1 6 unit 86. 782.72 24.18 63.14 745.7 817.4 817.4 861.98 941.24 974.93 85.21 624.19 653.92 743.9 247.7 378.48 683.64 34.83 178.34 114.93 257.6 3.21
This report is published by Alternative Energy and Efficiency Information Center Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Ministry of Energy 17 Rama I Road, Kasatsuk Bridge, Pathumwan, Bangkok 133, THAILAND E - mail Address : wpdsts@dede.go.th Website : www.dede.go.th