Insights from USDA on Improving the ESA-Pesticide Consultation Process Sheryl H. Kunickis, Ph.D. Harold Coble, Ph. D. David Epstein, Ph. D. USDA Office of Pest Management Policy (OPMP) American Chemical Society National Meeting August 3, 211
Why? The Agricultural Community is impacted by results of the ESA consultation process. is best suited to inform the process on agricultural production practices, and pesticide use and usage data, and provide the underlying science. can demonstrate efforts already in place to protect the species.
Conservation Programs
Agricultural Research Carried out by USDA Scientists and Land Grant University Scientists across the U.S. Landscapes Soils Water Air Plants, etc. Cropland, Rangelands, Forests, Pastureland, Wetlands, etc. Conservation Practice Standards developed & based on sound science that protect the environment.
Information Needed Common Cultural Practices That Reduce Uncertainty of Pesticide Use Typical Tank Mixes Typical Application Schedules
Common Cultural Practices That Reduce Uncertainty of Pesticide Use Routine biological monitoring for pest presence and injury levels in crop of interest Passive and/or stimulus-baited traps Visual inspections for crop injury Evaluation of efficacy of prior control measures Use of growing degree day (GDD) and disease prediction models to pinpoint spray timing GDD models for insect development predict appearance of vulnerable life stage primarily temperature driven Disease models primarily temp and precipitation based predict disease development for optimal spray timing
Typical Tank Mixes High variability of tank mixes depending upon: Cropping System Pest complex: insects, weeds and disease Pest population pressures Time of year Value of crop Weather and climate driven factors Resistance issues Can be done to some degree, but only for the same crops grown in small geographical regions
Typical Application Schedules Crop specific Dependent on target pest population levels and phenologies (development over time varies for same pest in different locales) Vary by region as affected primarily by weather and its effect on pest development Sprays preferably not based on the calendar, but on biological monitoring and models that predict proper spray timing for specific pests according to local weather conditions
Four Regional Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Centers as a means of strengthening its connection with stakeholders and research and extension programs throughout the United States. The centers function as a national pest management information network designed to respond quickly to information needs in both the public and private sectors. Although centers are regionally based, inter-regional collaboration is an important component of the program's success.
Questions What is the temporal nature of Species X? Biologically what life stages are present in their habitat at different times of the year? Geographically where are different life stages located at different times of the year?
8, 7, 6, 5, 29 Total CA Acreage Treated With Pesticide X Relative to Total Crop Acreage Crop Total Acreage Almond 72, 52,643. Apricot 11, 538. Artichoke 8,6 5,27.4 Peach 52,5 1,298.6 Pear 14, 285.5 Rice 561, 871. Tomato 36,5.5 Walnut 223, 3276.5 4, 3, 2, 1, CA Crops on Pesticide X label receiving no trt. Barley Kale Pepper Bok Choy Macadamia Nut Pistachio Broccoli Raab Mustard Greens Plum Cabbage Mustard Spinach Prune Chestnut Nectarine Rape Greens Collards Oats Triticale Cotton Pasture Turf Grass Filbert Peanuts Turnip Greens Hickory Nut Pecan Wheat Total Crop Acreage Almond Apricot Artichoke Peach Pear Rice Tomato Walnut
65 6 55 Annual Application of Pesticide X to Agricultural Crops in 17 CA Counties With Critical Species X Habitat 29 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 Crop % of High Label Rate Almond 52643. 993.1 72.3 Apricot 538. 13.2 77.6 Artichoke 4533.9 843.2 67.5 Peach 1298.6 253.6 79.7 Pear 285.5 58.4 78.3 Rice 871. 157.9 37.7 Tomato.5.1 56. Walnut 3276.5 821.4 98. 1 5 Almond Apricot Artichoke Peach Pear Rice Tomato Walnut
6 Monthly Application of Pesticide X in 17 CA Counties With Critical Species X Habitat 29 4 2 Month Ac Trt Lbs AI % of High Label Rate Jan 7,984.6 1,44.3 84.7 Feb 5,386.9 9,519.1 78.9 Mar 7,56.4 1,36.7 7.5 Apr 2,53.7 424.9 75.9 May 741.7 133.3 63.6 Jun 1,156.7 27.1 73.8 Jul 4,286.2 931.1 87.7 Aug 4,391.5 851.1 82.7 Sep 3,985.8 788.6 84.7 Oct 4,14.6 859.8 78.9 Nov 4,914.5 997.7 7.5 Dec 6,987.7 1,67.6 75.9 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Butte Colusa Contra Costa Glenn Lake Merced Monterey San Benito San Joaquin San Luis obispo San Mateo Santa Barbara Stanislaus Sutter Tehama Yolo Yuba 6 5 4 3 2 Annual Totals of Pesticide X Applied in 17 CA Counties With Critical Species X Habitat 29 County Acres Trt Lbs AI % of High Label Rate Butte 2,991.1 299.1 4. Colusa 9,896.1 1,889.7 76.4 Contra Costa 221. 52.2 94.4 Glenn 5,71. 1,96.9 86.5 Lake 285.5 58.4 81.8 Merced 18,697.1 3,572.9 76.4 Monterey 4,241.2 7,997.5 79.5 San Benito 7.3 1.8 98.6 San Joaquin 5,177. 1,11.7 85.8 San Luis Obispo 14. 1.8 51.6 San Mateo 113. 17.1 6.5 Santa Barbara 158.4 25. 63.1 Stanislaus 13,155.8 2,572.6 78.2 Sutter 393.5 83. 84.4 Tehama 1,55.2 213.8 81. Yolo 869.1 146.6 67.5 Yuba 244.3 45.3 74.2 1
8 Pesticide X Applied in January 29 7 6 5 4 3 County Acres Trt % of High Label Rate Butte 17. 3.6 84.7 Merced 738.5 145.7 78.9 Monterey 5918.5 143.2 7.5 San Joaquin 195. 37. 75.9 Santa Barbara 39.6 6.3 63.6 Stanislaus 872. 16.9 73.8 Sutter 115. 25.2 87.7 Yuba 89. 18.4 82.7 2 1 Butte Merced Monterey San Joaquin Santa Barbara Stanislaus Sutter Yuba
Butte Colusa Glenn Merced Monterey San Joaquin Stanislaus Sutter Tehama Yolo Yuba 2 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1 9 8 7 6 Pesticide X Applied in Feb 29 County Acres Trt Lbs AI % of high label rate Butte 2,559.8 221.9 34.7 Colusa 9,68.3 1,834.8 76.4 Glenn 4,588.5 991. 86.4 Merced 15,738.6 2,992.4 76.1 Monterey 3,798.1 716.6 75.5 San Joaquin 2,269. 443.8 78.2 Stanislaus 9,823.3 1,921.1 78.2 Sutter 236. 47.1 79.8 Tehama 1,1.2 25.5 82.1 Yolo 79.1 134.5 75.9 Yuba 55. 1.4 75.6 5 4 3 2 1
Butte Colusa Glenn Merced Monterey San Benito San Joaquin San Mateo Stanislaus Tehama Yolo Yuba 3 Pesticide X Applied in March 29 2 1 County Acres Trt Lbs AI % of high label rate Butte 384.3 68.9 71.7 Colusa 273. 53.5 78.4 Glenn 173. 44.3 12.4 Merced 1,918. 361.5 75.4 Monterey 2,322. 434. 74.8 San Benito 7.3 1.8 98.6 San Joaquin 458. 61.4 53.6 San Mateo 23. 2.9 5.4 Stanislaus 1,687.5 295.6 7.1 Tehama 54. 8.3 61.5 Yolo 16. 12.1 3.3 Yuba 1.3 16.5 65.8
2 Pesticide X Applied in April 29 1 County Acres Trt Lbs AI % of high label rate Butte 3. 4.7 62.7 Glenn 23. 51.5 11.5 Merced 32. 73.3 97.1 Monterey 1,442.7 278.1 77.1 San Joaquin 47. 1.4 88.5 San Mateo 4..5 5. Stanislaus 25. 6.4 12.4 Butte Glenn Merced Monterey San Joaquin San Mateo Stanislaus
Colusa Glenn Monterey San Joaquin San Luis Obispo Santa Barbara Stanislaus 1 Pesticide X Applied in May 29 County Acres Trt Lbs AI % of high label rate 5 Colusa 14.8 1.4 37.8 Glenn 16.7 1.1 37.9 Monterey 372.2 63.6 68.4 San Joaquin 9. 22.8 11.3 San Luis Obispo 14. 1.8 51.4 Santa Barbara 18. 2.3 51.1 Stanislaus 126. 31.3 99.4
15 Pesticide X Applied in June 29 County Acres Trt Lbs AI % of high label rate 1 Contra Costa 221. 52.2 94.5 Lake 47. 8.7 74. Monterey 172.7 31.2 72.3 San Joaquin 391. 98.9 11.2 San Mateo 24. 3. 5. Stanislaus 31. 76.1 11.1 5 Contra Costa Lake Monterey San Joaquin San Mateo Stanislaus
3 Pesticide X Applied in July 29 2 County Acres Trt Lbs AI % of high label rate Lake 26.5 43.6 84.5 Monterey 2131.8 4.5 75.1 San Joaquin 1651.5 417.4 11.1 San Mateo 5..6 48. Santa Barbara 55.4 9.3 67.1 Stanislaus 236. 59.7 11.2 1 Lake Monterey San Joaquin San Mateo Santa Barbara Stanislaus
5 Pesticide X Applied in August 29 4 County Acres Trt Lbs AI % of high label rate 3 2 Lake 32. 6.1 76.3 Monterey 4158.1 798.2 76.8 San Mateo 5..6 48. San Joaquin 75. 19. 11.3 Santa Barbara 36.4 5.7 62.6 Stanislaus 85. 21.5 11.2 1 Lake Monterey San Mateo San Joaquin Santa Barbara Stanislaus
5 Pesticide X Applied in Sept 29 4 3 County Acres Trt Lbs AI % of high label rate 2 Monterey 3976.8 787.2 79.2 Santa Barbara 9. 1.4 62.2 1 Monterey Santa Barbara
5 Pesticide X Applied in Oct 29 4 3 County Acres Trt Lbs AI % of high label rate 2 Monterey 4135.6 859.2 83.1 San Mateo 5..6 48. 1 Monterey San Mateo
6 Pesticide X Applied in Nov 29 5 4 3 County Acres Trt Lbs AI % of high label rate Monterey 4,867.5 988.8 81.3 2 San Mateo 47. 8.9 75.7 1 Monterey San Mateo
9 8 Pesticide X Applied in Dec 29 7 6 5 4 3 County Acres Trt Lbs AI % of high label rate Monterey 6,945.2 1,596.9 92. Sutter 42.5 1.7 1.7 2 1 Monterey Sutter
12 1 Pesticide X Application in 17 CA Counties With Critical Species X Habitat 21-29 8 6 POUNDS PRODUCT APPLIED POUNDS CHEMICAL APPLIED AMOUNT TREATED 4 2 21 23 25 27 29
35 21 Application of Pesticide X on CA Crops for All Counties on Critical Habitat List 3 25 2 15 1 5 Artichoke Rice Walnut
4 35 3 23 Application of Pesticide X on CA Crops for All Counties on Critical Habitat List 25 Crop % of High Label Rate Artichoke 478.1 376.1 53. 2 Peach 13.7 54. 11.5 Rice 727. 648. 48.1 Walnut 768.6 287.5 17.1 15 Totals 5587.4 39732.6 56.2 1 5 Artichoke Peach Rice Walnut
35 3 25 Application of Pesticide X on CA Crops for All Counties on Critical Habitat List 25 2 15 1 Crop Applied Acres Treated % of High Label Rate Almond 5821.9 2679.8 89.3 Apricot 125.7 532.4 94.4 Artichoke 418.8 22272.8 73.8 Nectarine 3.3 49.7 26.5 Peach 163.1 782.7 83.3 Plum 8.3 38.8 85.4 Prune 12.2 367. 131. Rice 246.8 1929.9 51.2 Walnut 976.5 3915.5 99.8 Totals 11574.5 55968.6 82.7 Applied Acres Treated 5 Almond Apricot Artichoke Nectarine Peach Plum Prune Rice Walnut
Almond Peach Rice Walnut Pear Artichoke Apricot Prune 6 5 27 Total Application of Pesticide X on CA Crops for All Counties on Critical Habitat List 4 3 2 Crop Mean Lbs AI/ac % of High Label Rate Almond 556.3.189 75.5 Peach 1169.3.216 86.4 Rice 182.9.164 65.6 Walnut 2133..255 12. Pear 87.5.189 75.6 Artichoke 2939.2.183 73.4 Apricot 183..119 47.6 Prune 43..188 75.3 Mean /ac 1