Tier 1 estimation of GHG emissions from organic soils in Cropland Management (CM) and Grazing Land Management (GM) at EU level Simone Rossi, Roland Hiederer, Giacomo Grassi, Raul Abad Viñas Joint Research Centre JRC technical workshop 2014 on reporting LULUCF for CP2 with the IPCC 2013 KP Supplement Arona (Italy), 4-7 May 2014
Outline 1 - IPCC Tier1 Approach for emissions from soil 2 Activity data: Characterizing land area 2.1 Land use / activities 2.1.1 - Cropland Management (CM) 2.1.2 Grazing land Management (GM) 2.1.3 - Available data 2.2 Soil 2.2.1 - Differences in definitions FAO-IPCC 2.2.2 Available data 2.3 Climate 2.3.1 Available data 2.4 Delineation of CM and GM Organic Soils areas 2.4.1 Issues of Spatial alignment of organic soil and Land Cover maps 3 IPCC default Emission factors 4 Examples and first results using different datasets
LULUCF: C-Pools of Emissions by Sub-Category 2% 10% 92% 60% % of area % of soil emissions 92% of area, 10% of CL soil emissions 2% of area, 60% of CL soil emissions 6% of area, 30% of CL soil emissions
Tier 1 Approach: Emissions from Soil (mineral and organic) ΔC Soil = ΔC Mineral - L Organic + ΔC Inorganic Annual change in organic carbon stocks in mineral soils: C where SOC t Mineral c, s. i SOC SOC REF c, s 0 F SOC D LU c, s, i F 0 MG T c, s, i F I c, s, i A Annual loss of carbon from drained organic soils: c, s, i L Organic c A EF c SOC 0 SOC 0-T T D A EF c,s,i soil organic carbon stock in the last year of an inventory time period soil organic carbon stock at the beginning of an inventory time period number of year over inventory period; T is used instead of D if T 20 years default time period for transition to equilibrium (20 years) land area of stratum defined by climate, soil and management history emission factor climate type c climate region (c), soil type (s), management system (i)
Activity Data: characterizing Land Area Land use Identification of land qualifying for CM and GM activities based on management for GM: managed vs. unmanaged areas for CM: they are by definition managed areas IPCC land use categories Cropland and Grassland only broadly overlap with land areas qualifying for Cropland Management (CM) and Grazing Land Management (GM). Land Use vs. Land Cover: Land cover: bio-physical coverage (cropland, forestry, grassland) Land use: socio-economic use of land (cultivation, grazing, natural grassland) Soil Physical status and management practice (drainage) Climate
Cropland Management (CM) System of practices on land on which agricultural crops are grown and on land temporarily set-aside from crop production. All activity areas human induced (managed), precedence over GM annual crops cereals, oils seeds, vegetables, root crops, forages perennial crops orchards, vineyards and plantations temporary fallow land land set-aside for one or several years before being cultivated again agroforestry systems
Grazing Land Management (GM) Grazing used in a broader sense of livestock production covers: pastures used for grazing by livestock meadows used for forage for livestock (green fodder, hay, silage) Decision on human-induced and precedence / hierarchy managed vs. not managed seasonal grazing in semi-natural areas, e.g. heath land. wetland or forest grassland in wetland areas, temporary grassland, grazing under forest.
Land use: available data for Europe National maps CORINE Land Cover map: 1990,2000, 2006 (no Greece), 2012 (under preparation) (100 m) Global Land Cover 2000 (1 Km) LPIS (if available!) ESA Globcover 2005-2006 and 2009 (300m) MODIS yearly Land Cover product (MCD12Q1) 2001-2012 (500m) FAO GLC-SHARE Database 2014 beta release (1 Km)
CM and GM in Corine Land Cover (2000) CM Activity Areas Annual Crops Non-irrigated arable land Permanently irrigated land Annual crops associated with permanent crops Perennial Crops Vineyards Fruit trees and berry plantations Olive groves Rice GM Activity Areas Managed Grassland Pasture Unmanaged Grassland Natural grasslands Moors and heathland
Soil Classification of land area by soil physical status mineral soils organic soils Organic soils further classified by management practice drained area is managed undrained area assumed to be not managed NB: different definitions between IPCC and FAO-World Reference Base
Soil Profile layers Organic Layer Accumulation of organic material overlaying soil layer, unless buried. Mineral Soil Layer Non-organic soil material with particle sizes (sand, silt, clay) and variable amount of soil organic matter. Organic Layer Mineral Soil Layer Image from E. Micheli in: Jones, A., V. Stolbovoy, C.Tarnocai, G. Broll, O. Spaargaren and L. Montanarella (2010) Soil Atlas of the Northern Circumpolar Region. Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 144 pp.
Soil: available data for Europe National data JRC European Soil Database (ESDB) FAO/ISRIC Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) EUROSTAT/JRC Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey (LUCAS)
Climate Climate zones layer based on IPCC (JRC)
Issues of Spatial alignment of Organic Soil and Land Cover maps Organic Soil (Histosol) (Mineral soils for other areas) European Soil Database (ESDB) CM Activity, annual crops GM Activity, managed GM Activity, unmanaged Wetland Other land NUTS 2 Boundary Corine Land Cover
Organic Soils / Peat on Land Use and Cover Land Use / Cover Area 1,000 km 2 % CLC 2000 243.6 4.9 Inland marshes 12.0 0.2 Peat bogs 93.3 1.9 Moors and heatland 138.3 2.8 ESDB (FAO90=H..) OR (FAO85FU=O..) in USE 210.5 4.3 Horticulture 0.0 0.0 Arable land, cereals 0.6 0.0 Wasteland, shrub 1.7 0.0 Pasture, grassland, grazing land 9.9 0.2 Forest, coppice 10.5 0.2 Moor 187.8 3.8
STU Organic Soils on Corine LC2000 Land Cover Class Area 1 % Arable Non-irrigated arable land 8.5 Pastures Pastures 7.0 Heterogeneous Complex cultivation patterns 1.4 agricultural areas Principally agriculture + sig. nat. veg. 2.5 Forest Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations Broad leaved forest Coniferous forest Mixed forest Natural grassland Moors and heathland Transitional woodland-scrub 3.4 23.0 11.1 1.6 7.2 8.8 Inland wetlands Peat bogs 16.7 Inland waters Water bodies 5.4 1 2.3% organic soils on remaining land cover classes
IPCC default emission factors
Emissions from Organic Cropland (Gg CO 2 /year)
Emissions from Organic Cropland (Gg CO 2 /year) Dataset FAOSTAT JRC ESDB Lower JRC ESDB Upper JRC HWSD Lower JRC HWSD Upper MODIS MCD12C1 (2001, 0.05deg) Land Cover GLC2000 CLC(see1) CLC(see2) CLC(see1) CLC(see2) Soil HWSD ESDB ESDB HWSD HWSD HWSD Year 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 1 Corine Land Cover 2000 Classes: Non-irrigated arable land Permanently irrigated land Annual crops associated with permanent crops Complex cultivation patterns 2 CLC Classes: as 1 plus Land principally occupied by agriculture + sig. nat. Veg.
Emissions from Organic Cropland (Gg CO 2 /year) (MODIS Land Cover, HWSD) Country 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Austria 127,4 142,5 136,3 134,5 129,5 107,3 105,3 133,9 136,5 148,2 132,1 Belgium 189,0 185,8 191,9 181,6 195,6 198,7 201,6 201,2 199,6 192,1 190,4 Croatia 16,6 13,4 10,3 6,1 4,9 3,9 7,5 6,7 7,2 2,9 6,0 Czech Republic 207,7 223,4 236,4 234,7 225,1 210,8 211,4 245,0 241,4 237,7 215,8 Denmark 2453,8 2505,9 2707,2 2660,7 2762,8 2525,8 2393,5 2108,1 2137,0 2202,4 2282,6 Estonia 776,6 729,0 661,6 500,7 605,2 1231,2 1412,4 1824,1 1043,9 890,4 1343,1 Finland 822,4 887,3 980,3 1066,0 990,7 1281,8 1324,6 1466,2 1226,9 993,6 1341,0 France 6725,6 6807,8 7067,3 6942,0 7235,9 7015,3 7143,5 7082,7 7384,8 7335,9 7278,1 Germany 20136,2 19785,4 20232,1 18955,6 19013,1 18599,0 16727,1 18003,2 18177,0 16751,5 15623,9 Greece 1368,6 1412,3 1408,2 1372,5 1295,7 1286,0 1290,2 1355,5 1352,7 1383,7 1342,7 Hungary 6901,8 6998,8 6948,2 6606,3 5986,2 5545,7 5332,0 5718,2 6213,2 5916,6 5954,3 Ireland 540,8 296,2 210,4 140,5 227,2 227,3 324,7 396,7 486,4 535,0 259,8 Italy 867,3 871,0 872,7 873,1 869,1 860,3 862,3 862,8 873,2 872,2 873,9 Latvia 1844,0 1637,4 1769,7 1464,9 1579,7 1535,0 1700,9 2108,2 1639,9 1692,5 1718,1 Liechtenstein 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 Lithuania 6755,1 6590,1 7010,6 6069,6 6387,8 6091,2 6478,2 7116,6 5847,1 5852,4 5355,7 Luxembourg 1,8 1,8 1,3 1,5 1,5 2,3 2,7 2,6 2,7 2,5 2,0 Malta 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 Netherlands 3377,4 3150,3 3406,7 3099,1 3469,5 3186,4 3243,0 2781,8 2901,6 1858,0 2105,3 Poland 26432,7 27746,4 27617,6 25177,4 24289,8 24185,1 24670,0 26786,6 23543,4 22958,3 20088,3 Portugal 182,8 195,4 188,5 176,2 158,1 198,4 205,6 229,9 189,8 198,9 188,8 Slovakia 61,3 62,9 66,0 64,3 58,5 54,6 53,8 59,0 59,0 54,0 51,6 Slovenia 87,0 57,6 48,4 21,2 22,3 19,7 17,4 27,4 17,8 17,6 10,6 Spain 140,2 241,8 209,9 244,6 209,6 227,2 229,7 226,1 219,3 221,3 222,0 Sweden 1310,5 1410,5 1463,1 1395,9 1394,3 1218,8 1298,5 1293,4 1313,9 1281,5 1204,5 United Kingdom 6027,4 5205,9 4494,2 3788,2 3818,7 3664,0 4104,2 4526,1 5010,0 5172,2 4232,7 Bulgaria 1393,4 1434,9 1419,2 1325,5 1220,4 1170,4 1121,4 1263,2 1271,4 1273,2 1201,7 Romania 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 Total 88747,6 88593,7 89358,2 82502,6 82151,4 80646,1 80461,6 85825,1 81495,8 78044,7 73225,0
Emissions from Organic Cropland (Gg CO 2 /year) Dataset FAOSTAT JRC ESDB Lower JRC ESDB Upper JRC HWSD Lower JRC HWSD Upper MODIS 2001 Austria 234,49 148,50 152,20 143,00 159,50 127,39 Belgium 245,26 143,00 157,70 0,00 0,00 188,95 Croatia 0,00 11,00 22,00 14,70 25,70 16,57 Czech 190,24 Republic 161,30 207,20 14,70 20,20 207,70 Denmark 1700,09 1129,30 1422,70 319,00 353,80 2453,81 Estonia 5741,50 1947,00 2880,20 1160,50 1622,50 776,63 Finland 5619,33 4676,80 8966,80 2240,30 4574,20 822,36 France 6699,93 4955,50 5228,70 2366,80 2489,70 6725,56 Germany 11979,09 9722,20 10360,20 11126,50 11878,20 20136,24 Greece 1491,92 1606,00 1679,30 245,70 245,70 1368,61 Hungary 7819,07 4834,50 4981,20 3824,30 3928,80 6901,84 Ireland 477,19 608,70 2275,20 348,30 1345,70 540,84 Italy 905,39 726,00 726,00 821,30 821,30 867,33 Latvia 5182,68 2068,00 2682,20 584,80 705,80 1844,03 Liechtenstein 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,08 Lithuania 6344,93 4805,20 5688,80 764,50 946,00 6755,10 Luxembourg 3,62 1,82 Malta 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Netherlands 3505,06 2139,50 2172,50 2724,30 2772,00 3377,41 Poland 14867,10 12503,30 13927,80 10395,00 11812,20 26432,67 Portugal 427,39 146,70 179,70 182,78 Slovakia 43,05 22,00 27,50 61,31 Slovenia 61,95 172,30 190,70 278,70 304,30 87,02 Spain 409,05 370,30 575,70 370,30 572,00 140,18 Sweden 4147,92 4464,20 5756,70 91,70 104,50 1310,50 UK 2800,84 1831,50 2245,80 1283,30 1800,30 6027,36 Bulgaria 1440,54 1133,00 1367,70 0,00 0,00 1393,45 Romania 1155,01 154,00 172,30 880,00 916,70 0,00 Total 83492,64 60479,80 74046,80 39997,70 47399,10 88747,56
JRC ESDB Lower, 2000 JRC ESDB Upper, 2000 Emissions from Organic Cropland (Gg CO 2 /year) 15000,00 FAOSTAT(2000) vs JRC ESDB Lower (2000) 15000,00 FAOSTAT(2000) vs JRC ESDB Upper (2000) 10000,00 10000,00 r= 0.97 r= 0.93 5000,00 5000,00 0,00 0,00 5000,00 10000,00 15000,00 FAOSTAT 2000 0,00 0,00 5000,00 10000,00 15000,00 FAOSTAT 2000
Emissions from Organic Cropland (Gg CO 2 /year) JRC ESDB JRC ESDB JRC HWSD JRC HWSD Pearson r MODIS 2001 FAOSTAT Lower Upper Lower Upper MODIS 2001 1 0.89 0.93 0.85 0.93 0,93 FAOSTAT 0.89 1 0.97 0.94 0.78 0.88 JRC ESDB Lower 0.93 0.97 1 0.90 JRC ESDB Upper 0.85 0.94 1 0.88 JRC HWSD Lower 0.93 0.78 0.90 1 JRC HWSD Upper 0.93 0.88 0.88 1
Emissions from Organic Soils (Gg CO 2 / year) Longterm cultivated cropland Cyprus Malta Luxembourg Croatia Slovakia Austria Belgium Romania Portugal Slovenia Czech Republic Spain Italy Bulgaria Denmark Greece Netherlands United Kingdom Ireland Latvia Estonia Hungary France Lithuania Sweden Finland Germany Poland ESDB STU organic soils Extended land cover 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 Emissions Organic Soils (Gg CO2/year) Corine LC 2000
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