NYC Bar Association meeting, March 22, 2007 Jim Warner
Is Thermal Treatment of Solid Wastes Good for New York City? March 22, 2007
Only County in Pennsylvania to Own & Operate a Fully Integrated Solid Waste Management System Lancaster County Waste-to-Energy Facility Transfer Station & HHW Facility Frey Farm Landfill & LFG Plant Pennsylvania 500,000 population served
Lancaster County Garden Spot of the U.S. With some of the most fertile soil in the U.S., Lancaster County has a strong farming industry. Lancaster County's 5,293 farms, generating $800 million in food, feed and fiber, are responsible for nearly a fifth of the state's agricultural output. Wikipedia
1,200 Benefits of an Integrated System Lancaster County, PA 2006 1,040,000 yd³ 1,000 800 Landfill Volume Yd 3 600 (Thousands) 400 200 Recycling & WTE Recovery 100,000 yd³ 90% Landfill Volume Reduction 0 Landfill System vs Resource Recovery System
WTE Benefit to Landfill Life Without WTE With WTE 1989 Empty Landfill Capacity 2001 Full 2020 Full
Lancaster County Recycling Rate Growth 40.0 39 % Materials Recycled 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 14 25 29 WTE began operating WTE has supported recycling efforts, not competed with them. '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 35 Ferrous recovery contributes 3% to the overall County recycling rate.
WTE Ferrous Recovery & Recycling 2% of every ton processed is ferrous; recovered and recycled. (Sample recovered on March 6, 2007) Currently selling this material for $185 per ton. Bike frame, eating utensils, aerosol cans, tools, oil filter, dumbbell, coat hanger, cooking pot, paint can All items NOT included in curbside recycling programs, but 100% recyclable.
LCSWMA WTE Carbon Monoxide Emissions (Permit limit: 100 ppm, 4-hr. avg.) Emissions in parts per million (ppm) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 CO = 80% below 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Permit Level Stack Emissions (Emissions as determined by the plant s Continuous Emissions Monitoring System and verified by PADEP s Bureau of Air Quality Control)
LCSWMA WTE Hydrogen Chloride Emissions (Permit limit: 25 ppm, 24-hr. avg.) Emissions in parts per million (ppm) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 HCl = 60% below 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Permit Level Stack Emissions (Emissions as determined by the plant s Continuous Emissions Monitoring System and verified by PADEP s Bureau of Air Quality Control)
LCSWMA WTE Nitrogen Oxide Emissions (Permit limit: 180 ppm, 24-hr. avg.) Emissions in parts per million (ppm) 185 180 175 170 165 160 155 150 145 NOx = 10% below 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Permit Level Stack Emissions (Emissions as determined by the plant s Continuous Emissions Monitoring System and verified by PADEP s Bureau of Air Quality Control)
Emissions in parts per million (ppm) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 LCSWMA WTE Sulfur Dioxide Emissions (Permit limit: 30 ppm, 1-hr. avg.) SO 2 = 82% below 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Permit Level Stack Emissions (Emissions as determined by the plant s Continuous Emissions Monitoring System and verified by PADEP s Bureau of Air Quality Control)
LCSWMA WTE Respirable Particulate Emissions (Permit limit: 0.010 gr/dscf) Emissions in grains/dry std. cu. ft. (dscf) 0.012 0.01 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0 PM 10 = 92% below 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Permit Level Stack Emissions (Emissions as determined by the plant s Continuous Emissions Monitoring System and verified by PADEP s Bureau of Air Quality Control)
LCSWMA WTE Dioxin Emissions (Permit limit: 2 ng/nm3) Emissions in nanograms/normal cu. meter (ng/nm3) 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Dioxin = 93% below 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Permit Level Stack Emissions (Emissions as determined by the plant s Continuous Emissions Monitoring System and verified by PADEP s Bureau of Air Quality Control)
LCSWMA WTE Emissions Compliance History % of Operating Time in Compliance 100.0 99.5 99.0 98.5 98.0 97.5 97.0 96.5 96.0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 (Emissions as determined by the plant s Continuous Emissions Monitoring System and verified by PADEP s Bureau of Air Quality Control)
WTE Facility Tour Why aren t there more communities with one of these? Most frequent question asked by visitors after a tour.
70 Waste-to-Energy Offers Stable Tipping Fee Structures in Your Community 65 $ per ton 60 55 Lancaster County tipping fee history 50 '98'99'00'01'02'03'04'05'06'07
Waste-to-Energy Reduce the Volume of Waste, Reduce Trucking by 90% and Generate Renewable Energy 1 Truckload of Trash Which Result is Better? Power 13,000 KWh generated a home for 1 year IN 100 cubic yards of waste 90% volume reduction OUT 10 cubic yards of (inert) ash
Waste TO Energy
and not Waste OF Energy Energy 26,000 bbl oil per day Equivalence 1 ton of MSW = 26,000 bbl oil per day 1.6 barrels of oil