Achieving Asphalt Asset Preservation thru State-of-the-Art Material, Machinery, & Methods Specifications & Contractor Accountability

Achieving Asphalt Asset Preservation thru State-of-the-Art Material, Machinery, & Methods Specifications & Contractor Accountability Timothy R. Murphy, P.E. www.murphypavetech.com

Answer, Alex: Yes Question: Is this where you belong?

Your Vision This convention is an intimate gathering of the top Restaurant Facility Management Professionals (RFMA) for the purpose of learning, sharing ideas, developing partnerships, and problem solving.

My Vision Building People Capability

Your promise to me for the day MPT recommended Good business practices.

The Generation Decoder Card - from MeaganJohnson.com Four Generations I Work With Four Generations. Four Codes. The Traditional Generation (Born pre 1945) Baby Boomers (Born 1947 1964) Gen-Xer (Born 1965 1980) The New Millennium (Born post 1980)

These 2 ARE NOT who I work for anymore

Pavement condition Asset Preservation The Right Time Strategy to Minimize Costs Preventive maintenance treatments Time or traffic Conventional overlay

Promised Agenda for RFMA (2011 & 2012) Asphalt pavement design, construction, maintenance practices, and scope of work Case studies will be presented showing how projects can go right or wrong. Review materials, machinery, and methods to specify for asphalt pavements, [Crack sealing, patching, asphalt emulsion seal coating, and asphalt overlays]. Contractor selection criteria, and How to punch-a-job.

Promised Agenda for RFMA (2011 & 2012) Asphalt pavement design, construction, maintenance, practices, and scope of work Case studies will be presented showing how projects can go right or wrong. Review materials, machinery, and methods to specify for asphalt pavements, [Crack sealing, WORKpatching, asphalt emulsion seal coating, and asphalt overlays]. Contractor selection criteria, and How to punch-a-job. DEVELOPING A COMPETENT AND COMPLETE SCOPE OF Timothy R. Murphy, P.E. President

What do your parking lots cost?? Average cost per stall is $1,500 to $2,000 Typical Retail Facility 400 Stalls @ $1,500 = $600,000 400 Stalls @ $2,000 = $800,000 (factors for sub-grade preparation, storm sewers, concrete curb & gutter)

Causes of Pavement Deterioration Inadequate Pavement Design (RFMA October 2011 Webinar) Improper Construction Techniques Drainage Traffic Pattern Changes Environmental Inadequate Maintenance Poorly Executed Contract (RFMA January 2012 Webinar)

Proper Diagnosis = Correct Fix Let s review failure mechanisms that are typical from across the nation and develop techniques to diagnose and properly address (scope a project) the failures.

Correct Fix = Longer Life Asphalt Let s discuss: Crack sealing, Pavement patching, Seal coating, and Asphalt overlays.

Correct Fix = Longer Life Asphalt

My beginnings.30-years ago 9500 Southwest Hwy. Oak Lawn, IL

Various HMA Uses Throughout the Nation Commercial Facilities Intermodal Yards Airfields Bike / Hike Trails Motor Speedways Waste Treatment Fish Hatcheries / Cover Asphalt

Great looking new facility

Intermodal Yards

Log Yard

Airfields

Bike / Hike Trail

Motor Speedways

Waste Treatment

StreetPrint

Asset Preservation Achieving a proactive approach to maintaining hot mix asphalt (HMA) parking lots

Maintain Your Asset A proactive approach to maintaining your pavements will: Provide a safer business environment and reduce claims, Reduce maintenance costs, Assist in long term planning, Improve your return on investment, Ensure appealing front door to customers.

Cost ($) --- Economics of Asphalt Total Cost Future Cost Initial Cost Reliability ----> Optimum Construction Cost

Initial Costs Thickness Design Soil (Sub-grade) Stabilization Drainage Mitigation Time of Year Asphalt Mix Type Staging Future Costs Crack Sealing Patching Seal Coating Asphalt Overlay Doing what should have been done Initially

Orlando, FL; 08-08-08

I work for meals

of a great relationship

Our beginnings What is needed for evaluation? Site plan, Geotechnical Report, Original thickness design. Products Specifications on: Crack sealing, Patching, Seal coating, Asphalt overlay.

Condition Rating Systems

Perform a Site Visit

Visual Inspection The visual inspection of a pavement structure requires the evaluation of the entire project. Observe any: Structural defects, Surface imperfection, Low areas of ponding water, Areas that indicate seepage of subsurface water and evaluate drainage effects of any future overlays. Poor drainage will weaken the soil sub-grade and / or aggregate base course.

Site Visit Notes Project: Somewhere, USA Engineer: MPT Condition Blotchy surface texture. Frequency Patching needed. Water. Segregation. Poor ride.

Raveling & Delamination

Wheel Depressions

Cracking Transverse, Secondary & Alligator/Fatigue

Poor Drainage

Site Visit Rating Summary

Site Plan Mark Up from Site Visit

Summary of Quantities* Pay Item Unit Quantity Unit Price Concrete curb removal and replacement at various Lin. Ft. 100 $ $ locations Crack sealing, various locations, various lengths Lin. Ft. 4,000 $ $ Hot Mix Asphalt Full-Depth Patches, 6 compacted thickness, various locations as shown on site plan Sealcoat: Asphalt Emulsion (polymerized) with sand load and squeegee applied Sq. Ft. 6,000 $ $ Sq. Ft. 160,000 (Bidders to Validate) $ $ Topsoil (0-6 ), seed, and excelsior blanket Sq. Ft. 2,000 (entrance to catch basins) Striping, ADA included Lump Sum 1 $ $ Total Contract Bid Price $ Total Price

Summary of Quantities Ensures an apples to apples bid between contractors. Captures actual cost per unit for each pay item. Allows for addition and subtraction of quantities to contract in lieu of Lump Sum. Future Opportunity: Add B option to bidding which awards price + time to complete project.

RFMA 2012

Match the action to the reaction: Heavy Loading Alligator Cracking Cold Weather Oxidizing of Asphalt Hot Weather Thicker Section Moisture Thermal Cracking Thin Pavement Pavement Tragedy

All similar type vehicles have loadings that are the same

What Have We Observed? Need Picture

Bus Circa 1975

Bus Circa 2000

Variable loads require variable thicknesses for new facilities and repair work (patches)

New Facility; Before and After

Pavement Thickness Design

Heavy (yellow) versus light duty

Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Pavement Installation

Simple rules of thumb 3 to 1 rule Light duty v. Heavy duty Geotech and Architect Keep sub-grade at uniform elevation

3 to 1 rule

Commercial Facilities Cars 4 HMA Trucks 6 HMA 10 Construction Platform 8 Construction Platform

What are the three primary HMA failure mechanisms? Excessive pavement thickness, light loading, and moisture Light loading, moisture, and thin pavement Moisture, thin pavement, and heavy loading Speed of construction, excessive pavement thickness, and light loading

Overlay is last choice, not first Crack seal, Patch, Seal seal.

Objective of Crack Treatment, Definitions Sealing - prevents the intrusion of water or incompressible materials into a working crack Filling - substantially reduces the inflow of water into a non-working crack and reinforces the pavement

MPT Standard Specifications Pay Item Definitions Materials Equipment Methods Timeliness Site Specific Items Documentation Reference Doc s. Crack Filling / Sealing / Repairing Walking the pavement, measuring quantities, and defining repair method is required for each site and shall be included in the contract bid documents submitted by each contractor. The contractor shall define which of these processes are recommended per location based on an itemized bid showing all work to be done for each bid. Definitions 1. Crack Filling - Reduces the inflow of water into a non-working crack up to ¼ in width and reinforces the pavement. 2. Crack Sealing - Prevents the intrusion of water or incompressible materials into a working crack from ¼ up to ¾ in width. The use of a backer rod at a depth of approximately 1 is a contractor option to reduce material waste. 3. Crack Repairing Provides for the elimination of random dips and cupping of pavement at various locations up to 3 in width. Materials ASTM D6690, Type I or Type II, shall be used per climate requirements for Crack Sealing everywhere except Southern California, Southern Arizona, New Mexico and Texas where CrafCo or WR Meadows products listed, or equal, shall be used. ASTM D5078 (Crack Filling) ASTM D6690, Type I, II (Crack Sealing) CrafCo Parking Lot Sealant Part No. 34200 (January 2008) or equal WR Meadows Parking Lot Sealant Part No. 231 (June 2004) or equal Equipment Routers, 1. Vertical-Spindle, (random) 2. Rotary-Impact, (random) 3. Crack Saw (straight) Hot Air Lance capable of obtaining velocity @ 915 m/s, temperature @ 1650 o C Wire-brush such as a Billy Goat,

What part does crack sealing play in a good pavement management program? $0.80 lin. ft. versus $3.50 / sq. ft.

Evolution of a Crack

Incorrect Timing?

Water Wins!

Proactive crack sealing

Location Directs Material Choice!

What equipment needs exist for crack sealing?

Fill or Seal? Placement Configurations Flush Fill Reservoir & Flush ½ x ½

With Proper Application In A Timely Manner, You Can Expect: 5+ Years of Service Life Low Maintenance No Pot Holes Improved Pavement Conditions A Smoother Pavement

Birth of a Pothole

Commercial Parking Lots - Traffic

Fatigue = Alligator Cracking a series of interconnected cracks caused by the fatigue failure of asphalt surface or stabilized base under repeated traffic loading.

Sub-Grade & Thickness Design Problems

Locate Failure

Layout Removal

Saw cut perimeters

Remove Failure

Replace with 3 Top-Size Stone

HMA Patch Base Preparation

Compact

HMA Patch Examples

Where is the patch and why?

Crack sealing and pavement patching are your two best friends

Asphalt Emulsion (Polymerized w/heavy sand load)

Raveling and Hairline cracks

If you build it they will come. - Teddy Roosevelt (Panama Canal), not Kevin Costner (Field of Dreams)

But what if they don t?

Surface Treatments Treatments: Have specific uses Should be timely Are not considered to add strength Must have surface properly prepared

Considerations for surface treatments Determine typical life cycle for the product that you are considering based on your location. Is the type of treatment masking the problems that your pavement has?

Surface Treatments Purpose is to provide: Waterproof cover Increase skid resistance Improved aesthetics of old surfaces Slows oxidation of pavement Seals surface voids Seals hairline cracks Increase life

Types of Surface Treatments Coal Tar Emulsion - Coating Asphalt Emulsion Penetrate & Coat Rejuvenators - Penetrating Slurry Seals Wearing Surface Chip Seals Wearing Surface Micro-Surfacing Wearing Surface

Types of Surface Treatments Coal Tar Emulsion - NO Asphalt Emulsion - YES Rejuvenators NO Slurry Seals YES Chip Seals NO Micro-Surfacing NO

Coal Tar Surface Cracking

Resources

Surface Treatments Asphalt Emulsion (Polymer Modified) with sand Single treatments Multiple treatments Sand seals (slang) Nighttime & full mobilization

Surface Treatments Asphalt Emulsion (Polymer Modified) Specification needed Consider if your pavement is < five years old and has been not been previously sealed Use if your pavement has been sealed before with an asphalt emulsion sealer

Understand Application Rate and Check Yield

Sealant Penetrating Crack

What equipment needs exist for seal coating?

Squeegee; Yes or No

Using Equipment Improperly

Using equipment properly

Maintain Costs Work at night, Program multiple sites each year, Treat one-half the entire site per mobilization, Close early & open late; once.

Hot Mix Asphalt Farm to Market Commercial Local Agency Interstates Tollways Intersections US and SR

All Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is the same

Successful Hot Mix Asphalt

Surface Course vs. Lower Lifts Size of aggregate Type of materials Lift thicknesses placed

according to Murphy

Aesthetics is important

Asphalt Paving Awards, MPT Appearance Approaches Degree of Difficulty Edges Longitudinal and Transverse Joints

Asphalt Paving Awards, MPT Quality Control Ride Texture Uniformity Timeliness Utility Covers

Murphy Nationwide Specification Surface course top size aggregate = ½ Voids @ 3.5%, Jts. with traffic, 45% passing #8, FAA = 40+, Density > 92%, Vibratory roller.

Murphy Nationwide Specification

Vibratory Rollers & Thin Lifts

Hot Mix Asphalt Paver

Assuring Quality in HMA Construction Blending the art of construction with the science of engineering. Paul H. Schmidt (1943-1998)

Key Elements for Successful Construction of Commercial Parking Lots Material Specifications Detailed Construction Methods Detailed Proposal Form Materials Submittals and Approval Qualified Construction Oversight Material Testing Material Yield Verification*** Compaction Testing

Project Size Small projects are typically turn key and warranty. Large projects have detailed plans and specifications plus construction over-site. The size and complexity of the project along with the perceived reputation of the contractor may determine the extent of the QA program.

Autopsy Site Heavy Duty pavement areas inside red boundary.

Pavement Construction Construction variability influences performance

How many odd-ball situations need to be anticipated with commercial asphalt? Cut-through traffic, Region of nation, Caliber of contracting industry, Time of year construction, HMA mix type availability

Mitigate cut through traffic

demands a detailed Materials, Machinery, and Methods.

demands a detailed Vehicle Use / Staging Drainage and Soil Condition Sub-grade Preparation Grade (Slopes) Pavement Thickness (Compacted) Compaction and Smoothness Requirements Accurate Quantities

demands a detailed Total Price and Payment Schedule Guarantees and Warranties Proposed Job Changes in Writing References Liability Insurance

What is going on with material costs? Refiners found a more profitable use for asphalt War in Iraq Asia is consuming everything that isn t nailed down All of the Above

Construction Observation Provide on-site Quality Assurance. Verify yield and quality of the asphalt. Size and complexity of the project typically drives decision for oversite.

Construction Observation Darden - HMA(Hot-Mix Asphalt) Tonnage Calculations Patching Provide on-site Quality Assurance. 1. For multiple patching locations entire length & width of each patch, enter compacted thickness Verify yield and quality of the asphalt. of asphalt and it will calculate required tonnage. The total tonnage for the number of patches entered will also be calculated. Size and complexity of the project Compacted HMA Length Width Area Area Thickness Required typically drives decision for oversite. (Feet) (Feet) (Sq. Ft.) (Sq. Yd.) (inches) (Tons) 20 30 600.0 66.7 4 14.7 18 50 900.0 100.0 4 22.0 33 40 1320.0 146.7 6 48.4 Total Tons Required: 85.1

Asphalt Pavement Rehabilitation Options and Costs

Structural Overlay When to use: Resurface structurally sound pavement that has isolated areas of failure Method: Patch where required, Install under-drain if required, Mill perimeter of area to be paved, Place tack coat, Install variable thickness leveling course, Place 1.5 (compacted thickness) hot mix asphalt.

Milling Wedge Grind or Perimeter Milling Wedge grinding for smooth transitions ext Ten Photo Slides

Milling Milling for base patching

Leveling Entire Lot

Asphalt Surface Course

Structural Overlay Pay Item: Square Foot or Square Yard Cost: $2.00 / SF or $18.00 / SY

Reconstruction When to use: Entire pavement structure is failed Method: Excavate variable depth based on conditions, Grade and compact subgrade, Place separation geotextile if required, Install drainage layer of stone, Install aggregate base, Install a minimum of 4 compacted hot mix asphalt.

Heavy (yellow) versus light duty

Asphalt Pavement Reconstruction

Reconstruction Pay Item: Square Foot or Square Yard Cost: $4.75 - $5.75 / SF or $42.00 - $52.00 / SY Approximately 3 x s the cost of a Structural Overlay

Experiment With Materials

Questions & maybe some answers

for restaurant facilities

Thank You Very Much!