Ecology: Chapter 10 Aquatic Biomes
Aquatic habitats= one in which the organisms live in or on Not grouped geographically the way terrestrial biomes are Difficult to be shown on a map Scattered Two types: Freshwater and Saltwater Two most important determining factors: amount of dissolved salts and depth of water Other factors that determine organisms: rate of flow and amount of dissolved oxygen
Salinity= amount of dissolved salts in a sample of water
Salinity= amount of dissolved salts in a sample of water All bodies of water contain some salts and minerals
Salinity= amount of dissolved salts in a sample of water All bodies of water contain some salts and minerals Salinity is measured in parts per 1000 (units of salts per 1000 units of water) Ocean water: 30 parts per 1,000 Fresh water: 0.5 parts per 1,000 or less
Salinity= amount of dissolved salts in a sample of water All bodies of water contain some salts and minerals Salinity is measured in parts per 1000 (units of salts per 1000 units of water) Ocean water: 30 parts per 1,000 Fresh water: 0.5 parts per 1,000 or less Brackish water: water that is more saline than fresh water, but less saline than ocean water Ex: river delta, coastal marshes (where freshwater meets ocean waters)
Hypersaline Lakes: exceptions they are more saline than the oceans Great Salt Lake in Utah Mono Lake in California
Depth zones PHOTIC APHOTIC BENTHIC DEPTH DEPENDS ON CLEARNESS OF WATER SUNLIGHT NEVER REACHES SUPPORTSMICROS COPIC DECOMPOSERS UP TO 200M DEEPIN OPEN OCEAN ONLY IN OCEANS AND VERY DEEP LAKES COMMON FRESHWATER ANIMALS : INSECT MAY RECEIVE SUNLIGHT IN SHALLOW WATERS
Freshwater Biomes Freshwater biomes Standing Water Flowing water lakes & ponds wetlands rivers, streams, creeks & brooks
Standing-Water Ecosystems ABIOTIC FACTORS BIOTIC FACTORS LAKE -Deepest type of standing water -may have aphotic zone -may be fed by underground aquifers -producers: algae in photic zone & benthic plants along shoreline -complex food webs POND -Benthic zone receives light -fed by rainfall -seasonal -producers: plant & algae (grows on bottom) -food web not as complex as lakes MARSH SWAMP -shallow water -soil is saturated -water lacks O2 -saltwater, -land soaked freshwater, w/ (poor brackish, drainage) often -plants have roots under water -leaves are above water (emergent) -grasses, cattails, rushes -ducks, -dominated waterfowl, by large benthic trees & animals shrubs -streambeds or flat land -plants adapted to grow in muddy, O2 poor soil BOG -inland wetland w/ little inflow or outflow Ex: -sphagnum Cypress moss trees-south is dominant US; organism -acidic soil -slow decay -carbon stored in dead plants -partly decayed moss accumulates as peat
PLANKTON COMMUNITY-top layer
PLANKTON COMMUNITY-top layer Plankton: general term for organisms that drift in water size of dust particles
PLANKTON COMMUNITY-top layer Plankton: general term for organisms that drift in water size of dust particles Phytoplankton Plankton that carries out photosynthesis Main producers in most aquatic biomes
PLANKTON COMMUNITY-top layer Plankton: general term for organisms that drift in water size of dust particles Phytoplankton Plankton that carries out photosynthesis Main producers in most aquatic biomes Zooplankton Do NOT carry out photosynthesis Consumers Feed on phytoplankton
WETLANDS:
WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year
WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in water that pass through them
WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in water that pass through them can be used as treatment systems for waste water
WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in water that pass through them can be used as treatment systems for waste water Breeding, feeding waterfowl (geese & ducks)
WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in water that pass through them can be used as treatment systems for waste water Breeding, feeding waterfowl (geese & ducks) Act as flood protection regions (wetlands along the banks)
WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in water that pass through them can be used as treatment systems for waste water Breeding, feeding waterfowl (geese & ducks) Act as flood protection regions (wetlands along the banks) Swamp Lands Act 1849: encouraged the filling or draining of wetlands
WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in water that pass through them can be used as treatment systems for waste water Breeding, feeding waterfowl (geese & ducks) Act as flood protection regions (wetlands along the banks) Swamp Lands Act 1849: encouraged the filling or draining of wetlands Clean Water Act: stopped the filling of wetlands, only 8% of wetlands in US are protected by govt
FLORIDA EVERGLADES:
FLORIDA EVERGLADES:
FLORIDA EVERGLADES:
FLORIDA EVERGLADES:
FLORIDA EVERGLADES:
FLORIDA EVERGLADES:
FLOWING-WATER
FLOWING-WATER Ex: rivers, streams, brooks, creeks
FLOWING-WATER Ex: rivers, streams, brooks, creeks Stream Organisms Organism adapt to rate of water movement Ex: salmon
FLOWING-WATER Ex: rivers, streams, brooks, creeks Stream Organisms Organism adapt to rate of water movement Ex: salmon Stream Flow begin at high altitude streams flow downhill=gravity Flow towards the ocean place where streams begin=source, or head, of the stream Water near the source is called headwater
FLOWING-WATER Ex: rivers, streams, brooks, creeks Stream Organisms Organism adapt to rate of water movement Ex: salmon Stream Flow begin at high altitude streams flow downhill=gravity Flow towards the ocean place where streams begin=source, or head, of the stream Water near the source is called headwater Sediments: small particles that settle to the bottom of a body of water
Stream Flow
Stream Flow Sedimentation
Stream Flow Sedimentation
Stream Flow Sedimentation Cause stream to alter its course
Stream Flow Sedimentation Erosion Cause stream to alter its course
Stream Flow Sedimentation Erosion Cause stream to alter its course
Stream Flow Sedimentation Erosion Cause stream to alter its course As stream curves (a.k.a.meanders) fig. 10.7 Water flowing on the inside of curve slows down Water flowing on the outside of curve speeds up Sediments build up along inner edge-slowed flow Erosion increases along the outer edge-rapid flow
Stream Flow Sedimentation Erosion Cause stream to alter its course As stream curves (a.k.a.meanders) fig. 10.7 Water flowing on the inside of curve slows down Water flowing on the outside of curve speeds up Sediments build up along inner edge-slowed flow Erosion increases along the outer edge-rapid flow
Stream Flow Sedimentation Erosion Cause stream to alter its course As stream curves (a.k.a.meanders) fig. 10.7 Water flowing on the inside of curve slows down Water flowing on the outside of curve speeds up Sediments build up along inner edge-slowed flow Erosion increases along the outer edge-rapid flow
Stream-Erosion & Sedimentation
Stream-Erosion & Sedimentation
Stream-Erosion & Sedimentation
Stream-Erosion & Sedimentation
Stream-Erosion & Sedimentation