APPENDIX - 1 FARMER S SCHEDULE A) Farmer s Particulars 1. a Name Village (iii) P.O. (v) Tehsil b. Who is the decision maker: c. Literary status of the Decision maker Other members (iv) Block (vi) Age d. Do you consult other members in decision making in the field of production and marketing of the produce: B) Farm Particulars 1. Operational Area: Yes / No Category 2006-07 2007-08 Land owned Land rented out Land rented in Operational area Irrigated (Hec.) Unirrigated (Hec.) Total (Hec.) Irrigated (Hec.) Unirrigated (Hec.) Total (Hec.) 2. Area under different fruits / vegetables in 2006-07 & 2007-08: Fruits Area in Hectare Yield (Qtls.) Production (Qtls.) 2006-07 2007-08 2006-07 2007-08 2006-07 2007-08 1 2 3 4 5 232
3. Did the last year price of fruit / vegetable affected the area under fruit / vegetable crop this year? Yes / No If No, what other factors affected the area under the crop check (I) Low yield compared to competing crops. High cost compared to competing crops. (iii) Higher returns from competing crops. (iv) Selling problems. (v) Any other. 4. Sources of irrigation: Tubewells / Canals / Any other 5. Which type of fertilizers / manures you used? 6. Which type of insecticides / pesticides you used? 7. Do you have tractors or bulls to cultivate? C. Market Aspect: 1. Marketable surplus of fruits / vegetables Consumption & Payment in kind 2006-07 2007-08 Family consumption & gifts etc. Seed (iii) Payment to permanent labour (iv) Payment to causal labour (v) Payment to artisans (vi) Any other kind of payment Total Marketable Surplus = Production Consumption Did you sell your produce in village or in the market? Period Month wise If in village, what is the pattern of sale? Qty. Sold (Qtls.) 2006-07 2007-08 Price Agency Qty. Sold Price (Rs.) & Place (Qtls.) (Rs.) Village/Market Agency & Place 233
If in Market, what is the pattern of sale? Period 2006-07 2007-08 Month wise Qty. Sold (Qtls.) Price (Rs.) Agency & Place Qty. Sold (Qtls.) Price (Rs.) Agency & Place Total Quantity sold Village Market (iii) Total 2. Study of the factors affecting the marketable surplus: 1(a) What is the most important factor, which you take into consideration while selling your produce? Price / Any other (b) If Price what is the acceptable (most remunerative) price of fruits/vegetables to you this year? (c) If Yield what should be the yield of fruits/vegetables so that its marketable surplus can increase? (d) If both yield and price, what are the acceptable levels? 2. How much away is the market where you sell your produce? 3. What about the condition of the approach road? Kacha/Pucca Does rain any way make transportation difficult? Yes/No. 234
3. Do you store the produce before sale? If Yes, where and what are its costs /benefits? Type 2006-07 Amount Stored Period Costs Own Store 1. Cold Storage 2. Any other 1. Rent 2. Labour 3. Dep. 4. Storage in Wt. 5. Loss in value due to Quality 6. Any other 1 2 3 4 5 Rented Store Losses by Pest/ Insecti cide Price at the time of storage sale Type 2007-08 Amount Stored Period Costs Own Store Rented Store 1. Cold Storage 2. Any other 1. Rent 2.Labour 3. Dep. 4.Storage in Wt. 5. Loss in value due to quality 6. Any other 1 2 3 4 5 Losses by Pest/Insecti Cide Price at the time of storage sale 235
4. (I) Total costs borne by the farmers in the marketing of their produce: (a) Transportation Cost Owned / Hired Method of transport Open /packed Mode of Transport (b) Loading (c) Un-loading (d) Cleaning (e) Any other (II) Charges paid to agency/authority: (a) Market Fees (b) Commission (c) Rural Development Fee (III) What are the facilities enjoyed by farmers at Market? (a) Shed (b) Drinking water (c) Sufficient space (d) Pucca floor (e) Any other 5. What are the major agencies/intermediaries/channels? Factors affecting the selection of Agency: (a) (b) (c) (iii) Does the agency from which you borrow, press to sell your produce through him? If yes, It s Name Yes / No For how many years you are selling fruits/vegetable to the same agency in the market? What are the main reasons for this? Does the buyers provide you with meals/tea/night stay facilities i.e. free of cost: Payment & Reputation of the Agency? (a) When do you get the payment for your produce? (b) Is there any credit facility available for selling the produce? (c) What is the general opinion about agency? Yes / No 236
6. Factors affecting the time of sale: Immediate cash requirements How much money you think sufficient to enable you to sow the next produce (fulfilling requirements for seed, fertilizers, new implements etc.) Do you think that the available storage facilities in the market at this moment are sufficient to store produce? If No, what are your proposals? Yes/No (iii) Do you know co-operative society of Mandi level? Yes/No If Yes, do you sell your produce through it? If No, give reasons (Check) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Lack of knowledge about co-operative Lack of courtesy Strict adherence to time Non-availability of consumption loans Price differential meagre Any other (iv) Difficulties in the accessibility to desired markets: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Long distance & freight charges Poor transportation Financial difficulties Committed to sell in the given markets Small quantity of produce Any other reasons (v) If the Govt. announced different procurement prices (season wise) will it affect your decision to produce and sell more fruits/vegetables? If Yes, in what manner? Why? (iii) If Not, why? Check Cash requirement Fear of damage Yes/No 237
(iii) No storage facilities (iv) Any other (vi) What are the best substitutes of fruits/vegetables? What is the comparative advantage/loss? (vii) What are your main problems of marketing your fruits/ vegetables? Check (a) Space problem (b) Transport difficulties (c) Rejection by purchasing agency (d) Low price (e) Higher labour charges (f) Absence of auction / bid (g) Absence of purchase by the Agency at proper time and at proper place (h) Any other ******************************************* 238
APPENDIX - 2 WHOLESALER/TRADER/COMMISSION AGENT/ RETAILER SCHEDULE 1. Name 2. Market 3. Number of years since in business 4. Type of business organization check (iii) (iv) Individual Partnership Co-operative Others 5. Annual volume of business Rs. Qty. 6. Do you have any other commission shop in the local or distance market? Yes / No If yes, how many and why you have opened such shop? 7. Have you other business in the market? Yes / No If Yes, specify 8. Who is the decision maker in the purchase and sale of produce? Do the decision maker consult other while purchasing? (iii) How you decide the price to be offered to the supplier? a. On the basis of grade of commodity b. Variety of the produce c. Demand and supply of the commodity d. Any other (Specify) (iv) Do you follow other big traders to follow the price to be offered to the supplier/ farmers? Yes / No 239
9. Source of supply: Check a) Direct from Producer b) Commission Agents c) Village Merchant d) Contractor/ Wholesaler e) Any other 10. Services provided to the supplier Check a) Credit b) Transportation c) Storage d) Others 11. Prices offered to the sellers a) In Village b) In Market c) Any other place 12. Grading of Produce a) Did you grade the produce before sale: Yes / No b) If Yes, grading done under Agmark or Own grades/ Traders grade. c) What are the factors considered while grading fruits /vegetables d) Do you get higher price for the graded produce: Yes/No e) If Yes, what is the extent of premium on the graded Produce? f) If No, what are the main reasons? 13. Packing of produce before marketing a) Type of packing and packing material b) Cost of packing Packing Material Labour Charges (iii) Any other 240
14. Did you store fruits / vegetables before sale? Yes / No If yes, what are its methods, types, period losses & costs? Type 2006-07 Amount Stored Period Costs Own Store Rented Store 1. Cold Storage 2. Any other 1. Rent 2.Labour 3. Dep. 4.Storage in Wt. 5. Loss in value due to quality 6. Any other 1 2 3 4 5 Losses by Pest/Insecti cide Price at the time of storage sale Type 1. Cold Storage Amount Stored 2. Any 1 2007-08 Period Costs Own Store 1. Rent 2.Labour 3. Dep. 4.Storage in Wt. 5. Loss in value due to quality 6. Any other Rented Store Losses by Pest/Insecti cide Price at the time of storage sale 241
other 2 3 4 5 15. Did you get loans on the stored produce? Yes/No If yes, the terms & conditions of such loans. If No, from where did you arrange? Agency Rate of Interest (iii) 16. Where did you sell your produce? Local Market Distant Market 17. Which are the agencies to which you sell your produce of fruits/vegetables Local Distant Agency Quantity Price Agency Quantity Price 1. 2. 3. 18. Market wise dispatches of fruit /vegetables S. No. Quantity Price (iii) 19. Which market / markets did you find more remunerative & why? Market Reason (iii) 242
20. Did you despatch your produce regularly to same market? Yes/No If Yes, which market & reason for preference? 21. Source of price information before dispatching the produce. (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) Market news Neighbours Contractor traders Personal contract Relatives News papers Any other source 22. Mode of transportations when produce is despatched to distant market and quantity despatched in 2007-08. (iii) Mode Quantity 23. Transportation means used for local or distant proposes: 24. Agency, which handles fruits/vegetables at the consigning station Self/Agency/Buyer/Any other 25. Cost borne by the wholesaler/trader/commission agent/ contractor Commission Market fee (iii) Sales Tax (iv) Cost of bags (v) Transportation (vi) Loading and unloading (vii) Cost of storage (viii) Others 26. Cost incurred by the retailers on Transportation Labour charges (iii) Loading & Unloading (iv) Fuel charges (v) Other charges 27. Retailers purchase price. 243
APPENDIX 3 Table 7.13 Price Spread in different Marketing Channels of Guava in Patiala District Markets, 2008-09 (Unit: Rs. Per Quintal) Particulars Channels I II III Net share price of 1199 (70.53) 1350 (96.43) 1320 (77.64) producer Cost of the Producer 103.73 (6.10) 50 (3.57) - Pre-Harvest - - -121 (-7.11) Contractor s share Cost of Pre-Harvest - - 103.73 (6.10) Contractor Commission agent s/local Wholesaler s share/margin 80.01 (4.71) - 80.01 (4.71) Cost of Commission agent/local wholesaler 117.26 (6.90) - 117.26 (6.90) Retailer s 147 (8.65) - 147 (8.65) margin/share Cost of Retailer 53 (3.12) - 53 (3.12) Pre-Harvest - - 1320 Contractor s Purchase Price C/A/ Local 1302.73-1302.73 Wholesaler s Purchase Price Retailer s Purchase 1500-1500 Price Consumer s Purchase 1700 1400 1700 Price Total Costs 273.99 50 228.99 Source: Field Survey, 2008-09 Note: Figures in Parentheses indicate the percentage share in Consumer s rupee Channel I: Producer-Commission Agent/Local Wholesaler-Retailer- Consumer. Channel II: Producer-Pre-Harvest Contractor-Commission Agent/Local Wholesaler-Retailer-Consumer. Channel III: Producer-Consumer. 244
APPENDIX - 4 Table 7.14 Price Spread in different Marketing Channels of Ber in Patiala District Markets, 2008-2009 (Unit: Rs. Per Quintal) Particulars Channel I II Net share/price of the producer 832.79 1100.22 (95.86) (62.85) Cost of producer 104.24 (7.87) 47.5 (4.14) 128.64 (9.71) - wholesaler s share/margin Cost of commission agent s/local 84.33 (6.36) - wholesaler s Retailer s share/margin 132 (9.96) - Cost of retailer 43 (3.25) - 937.03 - wholesaler s purchase price Retailer s purchase price 1150 - Consumer s purchase price 1325 1147.72 Total cost 231.57 47.5 Source: Field Survey, 2008-09 Note: Figures in Parentheses indicate the percentage share in Consumer s rupee. Channel I: Producer-Commission Agent/Local Wholesaler-Retailer- Consumer Channel II: Producer-Consumer. 245
Particulars APPENDIX - 5 Table 7.15 Price Spread in Marketing Channel of Mango in Patiala District Markets, 2008-2009 Rs. per quintal (Unit: Rs. Per Quintal) Percentage share in consumer s rupee Net share/price of the producer 1168.86 58.44 Cost of producer 119.28 5.96 195.93 9.80 wholesaler s share/margin Cost of commission agent s/local 115.93 5.80 wholesaler s Retailer s share/margin 320 16 Cost of retailer 80 4 1288.14 - wholesaler s purchase price Retailer s purchase price 1600 - Consumer s purchase price 2000 - Total cost 315.21 - Source: Field Survey, 2008-09 Channel: Producer-Commission Agent/Local Wholesaler-Retailer- Consumer 246
APPENDIX 6 Table 7.16 Price Spread in different Marketing Channels of Potato in Patiala District Markets, 2008-2009 (Unit: Rs. Per Quintal) Particulars Channels I II Net share/price of the producer 248.06 346 (94.41) (47.88) Cost of producer 71.95 (13.89) 20.5 (5.59) 51.19 (9.88) - wholesaler s share/margin Cost of commission agent s/local 28.80 (5.56) - wholesaler s Retailer s share/margin 70 (13.52) - Cost of retailer 48 (9.27) - 320.01 - wholesaler s purchase price Retailer s purchase price 400 - Consumer s purchase price 518 366.5 Total cost 148.75 20.5 Source: Field Survey, 2008-09 Note: Figures in Parentheses indicate the percentage share in Consumer s rupee. Channel I: Producer-Commission Agent/Local Wholesaler-Retailer- Consumer Channel II: Producer-Consumer. 247
Particulars APPENDIX - 7 Table 7.17 Price Spread in Marketing Channel of Tomato in Patiala District Markets, 2008-2009 Rs. per quintal (Unit: Rs. Per Quintal) Percentage share in consumer s rupee Net share/price of the producer 365.97 47.22 Cost of producer 91.63 11.82 101.22 13.06 wholesaler s share/margin Cost of commission agent s/local 41.18 5.32 wholesaler s Retailer s share/margin 104 13.42 Cost of retailer 71 9.16 457.60 - wholesaler s purchase price Retailer s purchase price 600 - Consumer s purchase price 775 - Total cost 203.81 - Source: Field Survey, 2008-09 Channel: Producer-Commission Agent/Local Wholesaler-Retailer- Consumer 248
APPENDIX - 8 Table 7.18 Price Spread in different Marketing Channels of Peas in Patiala District Markets, 2008-2009 (Unit: Rs. Per Quintal) Particulars Channels I II Net share/price of the producer 936.14 1325 (91.70) (55.56) Cost of producer 165.6 (9.83) 120 (8.30) 149.09 (8.85) - wholesaler s share/margin Cost of commission agent s/local 99.17 (5.89) - wholesaler s Retailer s share/margin 245 (14.54) - Cost of retailer 90 (5.33) - 1101.74 - wholesaler s purchase price Retailer s purchase price 1350 - Consumer s purchase price 1685 1445 Total cost 354.77 120 Source: Field Survey, 2008-09 Note: Figures in Parentheses indicate the percentage share in Consumer s rupee Channel I: Producer-Commission Agent/Local Wholesaler-Retailer- Consumer Channel II: Producer-Consumer. 249
APPENDIX - 9 PUBLICATIONS BASED ON THE WORK PRESENTED IN THE THESIS 1. One research paper titled, Growth of Area, Production and Yield of Fruits in Punjab was published in the July, 2011 issue of Research Link, Indore. 2. Second research paper titled, Constraints in the Marketing of Fruits and Vegetables in Punjab was published in August, 2011 issue of Kisan World, Tamilnadu. ********************************************************** 250