ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR A PROPOSED AVIATION FUEL PIPELINE FROM DUBLIN PORT TO DUBLIN AIRPORT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR A PROPOSED AVIATION FUEL PIPELINE FROM DUBLIN PORT TO DUBLIN AIRPORT VOLUME 2 MAIN REPORT MARCH 2015

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR A PROPOSED AVIATION FUEL PIPELINE FROM DUBLIN PORT TO DUBLIN AIRPORT MAIN REPORT Rev. Nr. User is Responsible for Checking the Revision Status of This Document Description of Changes Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by: Date: 3 Issue to Client ME/MG ME COD 16.03.2015 Client: Fingleton White Keywords: environmental impact statement (EIS), aviation fuel pipeline, Dublin airport, Dublin Port, river crossings Abstract: This document comprises part of the Environment Impact Statement (EIS) for the proposed aviation fuel pipeline which will run from Dublin Port to Dublin Airport. This volume forms the main document of the EIS. Q:/2010/LE10/727/01/Rpt002-2.doc

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION... 1 1.1 THE APPLICANT... 1 1.2 THE DEVELOPMENT IN SUMMARY... 1 1.3 PLANNING HISTORY... 2 1.4 THE APPLICATION PROCESS AND REQUIREMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT... 4 1.4.1 Additional Consents... 5 1.5 TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES... 5 1.6 EIS STRUCTURE... 5 VOLUME 1: NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY... 6 1.7 CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS EIS... 6 1.8 VIEWING AND PURCHASING THE EIS... 6 2 BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT... 7 2.1 THE NEED FOR THE PROJECT... 7 2.2 ALTERNATIVES... 8 2.2.1 Introduction... 8 2.2.2 Alternative Route Corridors... 9 2.2.3 Alternative Design Pipeline Construction Technology... 14 2.2.4 Do-Nothing Scenario... 14 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT... 15 3.1 JET A1 AVIATION FUEL... 15 3.2 PIPELINE DESIGN... 16 3.2.1 Emergency Shutdown Valves... 18 3.3 SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION... 20 3.4 CONSTRUCTION OF THE PIPELINE... 21 3.4.1 Construction Programme... 21 3.4.2 Construction Phasing... 23 3.4.3 Hours of Work... 23 3.4.4 Construction Methods... 24 3.5 SPECIAL ENGINEERING DIFFICULTIES... 27 3.5.1 River/Stream Crossings... 28 3.5.2 Above Ground Installations... 28 3.6 PIPELINE OPERATION & MAINTENANCE... 30 3.6.1 Standby Capability... 32 3.6.2 Quality Checks Fuel... 32 3.7 WASTE MANAGEMENT... 32 3.7.1 Waste Generated... 32 3.7.2 Waste Recovery... 33 3.7.3 Waste Disposal... 33 3.8 EMERGENCY MEASURES... 33 3.9 PIPELINE MONITORING & REGULATION... 33 3.10 DECOMMISSIONING AND RE-VALIDATION... 34 4 POLICY AND PLANNING CONTEXT... 35 4.1 NATIONAL POLICY CONTEXT... 35 4.1.1 National Spatial Strategy for Ireland 2002-2020... 35 4.1.2 National Development Plan 2007-2013... 35 4.1.3 Green Paper on Energy Policy in Ireland - 2014... 36 i/xi

4.1.4 White Paper - Delivering a Sustainable Energy Future for Ireland 2007-2020... 36 4.1.5 Smarter Travel a Sustainable Transport Future: A New Transport Policy for Ireland 2009 2020... 37 4.1.6 Ireland s Greenhouse Gas Emission Projections 2013-2030... 37 4.2 REGIONAL POLICY CONTEXT... 37 4.2.1 Regional Planning Guidelines for the Greater Dublin Area 2010-2022... 37 4.2.2 A Platform for Change - An Integrated Transportation Strategy for the Greater Dublin Area 2000 to 2016... 38 4.2.3 Greater Dublin Area Draft Transport Strategy 2011-2030... 38 4.3 LOCAL POLICY CONTEXT... 39 4.3.1 Dublin City Council Development Plan 2011-2017... 39 4.3.2 Fingal County Council Development Plan 2011-2017... 43 4.3.3 Dublin Airport Local Area Plan (LAP)... 47 4.3.4 Dublin Docklands Area Master Plan 2008... 47 4.3.5 Dublin City Biodiversity Action Plan 2008-2012... 47 4.3.6 Climate Change Strategy For Dublin City 2008-2012... 48 4.4 THE DEVELOPMENT & ITS COMPLIANCE WITH POLICY... 48 5 EIS SCOPING, CONSULTATION AND KEY ISSUES... 49 5.1 INTRODUCTION... 49 5.2 PURPOSE OF SCOPING... 49 5.3 SCOPING METHODOLOGY... 49 5.4 CONSULTATION PROCESS & RESPONSES RECEIVED... 51 5.5 ELECTED MEMBERS INFORMATION EVENINGS... 61 5.6 PUBLIC INFORMATION DAYS... 61 5.6.1 Main issues raised at Public Information Days... 61 5.7 CONCLUSIONS... 62 6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY... 63 6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL METHODOLOGY... 63 6.1.1 Introduction... 63 6.1.2 Methodology... 63 6.1.3 Existing Environment... 64 6.1.4 Summary of Key Possible Impacts... 64 6.1.5 Mitigation Measures... 64 6.1.6 Predicted Impacts after Mitigation... 64 6.1.7 Monitoring... 64 6.1.8 Conclusion and Summary... 64 6.2 EIS CONCLUSION: DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPACTS IN CONTEXT... 64 7 HUMAN ENVIRONMENT LAND USE... 65 7.1 INTRODUCTION... 65 7.2 STUDY AREA... 65 7.3 METHODOLOGY... 65 7.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT... 65 7.4.1 Human Environment - Land Use... 65 7.5 SUMMARY OF KEY POTENTIAL IMPACTS... 72 7.5.1 Construction Impacts... 72 7.5.2 Operational Impacts... 73 7.5.3 Decommissioning & Re-Validation Impacts... 73 7.5.4 Do-Nothing Impact... 73 7.5.5 Cumulative Impacts... 73 7.6 MITIGATION MEASURES... 74 ii/xi

7.6.1 Mitigation by Avoidance Design... 74 7.6.2 Construction Mitigation Measures... 74 7.6.3 Operational Mitigation Measures... 75 7.6.4 Decommissioning & Re-Validation Mitigation Measures... 75 7.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS AFTER MITIGATION... 75 7.8 REFERENCES... 75 8 HUMAN ENVIRONMENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC... 76 8.1 INTRODUCTION... 76 8.2 STUDY AREA... 76 8.3 METHODOLOGY... 76 8.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT... 77 8.4.1 Local Population Patterns along Pipeline Corridor... 77 8.4.2 Commuting Patterns... 79 8.5 SUMMARY OF KEY POTENTIAL IMPACTS... 86 8.5.1 Construction Impacts... 86 8.5.2 Operational Impacts... 86 8.5.3 Decommissioning and Re-Validation Impacts... 87 8.6 MITIGATION MEASURES... 87 8.6.1 Operation Mitigation... 88 8.6.2 Decommissioning and Re-validation Mitigation Measures... 88 8.6.3 Do-nothing Impact... 88 8.6.4 Cumulative Impacts... 89 8.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS AFTER MITIGATION... 89 8.8 REFERENCES... 89 9 ROADS, TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION... 90 9.1 INTRODUCTION... 90 9.2 STUDY AREA... 90 9.3 METHODOLOGY... 90 9.3.1 Consultation... 90 9.3.2 Dublin City Council Directions for the Control and Management of Roadworks in Dublin City... 91 9.3.3 Traffic Counts... 91 9.3.4 Methodology - Overall approach... 91 9.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT... 92 9.4.1 Existing Road Network... 92 9.4.2 Existing Road Network within Dublin Port... 92 9.4.3 Existing Road Network Dublin City Council (including Bus Networks)... 92 9.4.4 Cycling... 100 9.4.5 Proposed Bus Rapid Transit Network (BRT)... 101 9.5 SUMMARY OF KEY POSSIBLE IMPACTS... 101 9.5.1 Construction Stage Impacts General... 102 9.5.2 Construction Traffic - Trip Generation... 102 9.5.3 Construction Traffic Trip Distribution... 103 9.5.4 Construction Traffic - Impacts... 103 9.5.5 Construction Stage Impacts Traffic Congestion and Delays... 103 9.5.6 Construction Stage Impacts Dart, Rail and LUAS Lines... 104 9.5.7 Construction Stage Impacts Dublin Airport... 105 9.5.8 Construction Stage Impacts Pedestrians... 105 9.5.9 Construction Stage Impacts Cyclists... 105 9.5.10 Construction Stage Impacts Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)... 105 9.5.11 Operational Stage Impacts... 105 iii/xi

9.5.12 Cumulative impacts... 106 9.6 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR ROAD, TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION... 106 9.6.1 Mitigation by Route Selection, Advance Works and Design... 106 9.6.2 Mitigation by Route Proving... 107 9.6.3 Construction Stage Mitigation Measures Traffic Management... 107 9.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS AFTER MITIGATION... 110 9.7.1 Construction Stage Residual Impacts... 110 9.7.2 Operational Stage Residual Impacts... 111 9.8 DO NOTHING IMPACT... 111 9.9 REFERENCES... 111 10 NOISE & VIBRATION... 112 10.1 NOISE... 112 10.1.1 Introduction... 112 10.2 STUDY AREA... 112 10.3 METHODOLOGY... 112 10.3.1 Noise Background and Terminology... 112 10.3.2 Establishing Baseline Noise... 113 10.3.3 Construction Noise Assessment... 116 10.3.4 Operational Noise Assessment... 117 10.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT - NOISE... 118 10.4.1 Baseline Noise Descriptions... 118 10.4.2 Baseline Noise Survey... 118 10.5 SUMMARY OF KEY POSSIBLE IMPACTS - NOISE... 123 10.5.1 Construction Phase... 123 10.6 MITIGATION MEASURES - NOISE... 128 10.6.1 Construction Phase... 128 10.6.2 Operations... 129 10.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS AFTER MITIGATION... 129 10.8 DO-NOTHING IMPACT... 129 10.9 MONITORING... 129 10.10 VIBRATION... 130 10.10.1 Introduction... 130 10.11 METHODOLOGY... 130 10.11.1 Assessment Methodology... 130 10.11.2 Impact Assessment Methodology... 130 10.12 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT... 133 10.12.1 Description of the Receiving Environment... 133 10.12.2 Baseline Environmental Vibration Survey... 133 10.12.3 Measurement parameters... 134 10.12.4 Measurement Results... 134 10.12.5 Sensitive Equipment... 135 10.13 POTENTIAL IMPACTS - VIBRATION... 135 10.13.1 Construction Impacts... 135 10.13.2 Operational Phase... 138 10.13.3 Decommissioning Impacts... 138 10.13.4 Do-Nothing Impact... 138 10.14 MITIGATION MEASURES - VIBRATION... 139 10.14.1 Construction Phase Mitigation... 139 10.14.2 Operational Phase Mitigation... 140 10.14.3 Decommissioning Phase Mitigation... 140 10.14.4 Cumulative Vibration Impacts... 140 10.15 RESIDUAL IMPACTS VIBRATION... 140 iv/xi

10.16 REFERENCES... 140 11 FLORA AND FAUNA... 144 11.1 INTRODUCTION... 144 11.2 STUDY AREA... 144 11.3 METHODOLOGY... 144 11.3.1 Consultation... 144 11.3.2 Designated Sites... 146 11.3.3 Desktop Review... 146 11.3.4 Habitats and Botanical Survey... 146 11.3.5 Terrestrial Mammals and Bats... 147 11.3.6 Bird Surveys... 147 11.3.7 Aquatic Ecology and Freshwater Fish... 148 11.4 ECOLOGY IN THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT... 148 11.4.1 Designated Sites... 148 11.4.2 Rare or Protected Species... 158 11.4.3 Habitats in the Existing Environment... 164 11.4.4 Botanical species in the Existing Environment... 167 11.4.5 Non-Native Invasive Plant Species along Route... 169 11.4.6 Mammal Species in the Existing Environment... 170 11.4.7 Bat Species in the Existing Environment... 170 11.4.8 Winter Bird Survey... 171 11.4.9 Other Birds in the Existing Environment... 177 11.4.10 Aquatic Ecology and Freshwater Fish... 178 11.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PIPELINE ON ECOLOGY... 179 11.5.1 Mitigation by Avoidance and Design... 179 11.5.2 Potential Impacts on Designated Sites... 179 11.5.3 Potential Impacts on Habitats and Flora... 181 11.5.4 Potential Impacts on Fauna... 182 11.5.5 Potential Impacts on Birds... 183 11.5.6 Potential Impacts on Aquatic Ecology... 184 11.5.7 Do-Nothing Impact... 184 11.6 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR FLORA AND FAUNA... 184 11.6.1 Residual Impacts... 186 11.7 REFERENCES... 187 12 SOILS, GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY... 189 12.1 INTRODUCTION... 189 12.2 STUDY AREA... 189 12.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY... 189 12.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT... 189 12.4.1 Overburden Geology... 189 12.4.2 Bedrock Geology... 190 12.4.3 Structural Geology and Topography... 193 12.4.4 Hydrogeology... 193 12.4.5 Groundwater Vulnerability... 193 12.4.6 Geological Heritage and Economic Geology... 197 12.5 SUMMARY OF KEY POTENTIAL IMPACTS... 197 12.5.1 Construction Impacts (Direct & Indirect)... 197 12.5.2 Construction Phase Impacts Hydrogeology & Water Quality... 198 12.5.3 Operational Impacts Soils & Geology... 199 12.5.4 Operational Impacts Hydrogeology & Water Quality... 199 12.5.5 Decommissioning & Re-validation Impacts... 199 v/xi

12.5.6 Do-Nothing Impact... 200 12.6 MITIGATION MEASURES... 200 12.6.1 Construction Mitigation Measures... 200 12.6.2 Operational Mitigation Measures... 201 12.6.3 Decommissioning and Re-Validation Mitigation Measures... 202 12.7 ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL IMPACTS... 202 12.7.1 Construction Residual Impacts... 203 12.7.2 Operational Residual Impacts... 203 12.8 MONITORING... 203 12.9 REFERENCES... 203 13 SURFACE WATER QUALITY AND DRAINAGE... 204 13.1 INTRODUCTION... 204 13.2 STUDY AREA... 204 13.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY... 204 13.3.1 Information Sources... 204 13.3.2 Methodology... 205 13.3.3 Review of Planning and Policy Documents... 206 13.3.4 Review of Responses from Statutory Bodies during the Consultation Process... 206 13.4 HYDROLOGY IN THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT... 209 13.4.1 Description of the Catchments Crossed by the Proposed Pipeline Corridor... 209 13.4.2 Flood History and Relevant Studies... 220 13.5 WATER QUALITY IN THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT... 226 13.5.1 Relevant Waterbody Catchments... 226 13.5.2 Proposed River/Stream Crossing Locations... 226 13.5.3 Surface Water Quality - Water Framework Directive... 227 13.5.4 Existing Surface Water Quality... 228 13.5.5 Physico-Chemical Water Quality Data... 228 13.5.6 Summary of Existing Water Quality... 229 13.6 SUMMARY OF KEY POSSIBLE IMPACTS... 231 13.6.1 Construction Impacts... 231 13.6.2 Operational Impacts... 233 13.6.3 Decommissioning Impacts... 233 13.7 MITIGATION MEASURES... 233 13.7.1 Construction Impact Mitigation Measures... 233 13.7.2 Operational Impact Mitigation Measures... 236 13.7.3 Decommissioning Mitigation Measures... 237 13.8 DO NOTHING IMPACT... 237 13.9 RESIDUAL IMPACTS AFTER MITIGATION... 237 13.9.1 Construction Residual Impacts... 237 13.9.2 Operation Residual Impacts... 237 13.10 MONITORING... 237 13.11 REFERENCES... 238 14 AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE... 239 14.1 INTRODUCTION... 239 14.2 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY... 239 14.2.1 Air Quality... 239 14.2.2 Climate... 239 14.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT... 240 14.3.1 Climate in the Existing Environment... 240 14.3.2 Air Quality in the Existing Environment... 241 14.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS... 244 vi/xi

14.4.1 Air Quality... 244 14.4.2 Climate Impacts... 246 14.4.3 Do-Nothing Impacts... 247 14.5 MITIGATION MEASURES... 247 14.5.1 Operational Phase... 248 14.5.2 Cumulative Impacts... 248 14.6 PREDICTED IMPACTS AFTER MITIGATION... 248 14.7 MONITORING... 248 14.8 REFERENCES... 248 15 ARCHAEOLOGY, ARCHITECTURE & CULTURAL HERITAGE... 249 15.1 INTRODUCTION... 249 15.2 STUDY AREA... 249 15.3 METHODOLOGY... 249 15.3.1 Data Sources... 250 15.3.2: Consultations... 251 15.3.3 Field Inspection... 251 15.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT... 252 15.4.1 Archaeological and Historical Background... 252 15.4.2 Record of Monuments and Places (RMP)... 253 15.5 SUMMARY OF KEY POSSIBLE IMPACTS... 264 15.5.1 Direct Construction Impacts... 264 15.5.2 Indirect Construction Impacts... 265 15.5.3 Operational Impacts... 265 15.5.1 Decommissioning Impacts... 265 15.6 MITIGATION MEASURES... 266 15.6.1 Construction Mitigation Measures... 266 15.6.2 Operational Mitigation Measures... 267 15.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS AFTER MITIGATION... 267 15.7.1 Cumulative Impacts... 268 15.8 MONITORING... 268 15.9 DO NOTHING IMPACT... 268 15.10 REFERENCES... 268 16 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACT... 270 16.1 INTRODUCTION... 270 16.2 STUDY AREA... 270 16.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY... 270 16.3.1 Existing Landscape Assessment... 270 16.3.2 Visual Impact Assessment... 271 VISUAL INTRUSION: AN IMPACT ON A VIEW WITHOUT BLOCKING... 271 16.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT... 272 16.4.1 Existing Landscape Character... 272 16.4.2 Existing Landscape Values... 277 16.5 POTENTIAL VISUAL AND LANDSCAPE IMPACTS... 279 16.5.1 Construction Impacts... 279 16.5.2 Operational Impacts... 280 16.5.3 Decommissioning Impacts... 284 16.5.4 Do-Nothing Impact... 284 16.6 MITIGATION MEASURES... 284 16.6.1 Construction... 284 16.6.2 Operation... 284 vii/xi

16.6.3 Decommissioning & Re-validation... 284 16.6.4 Cumulative impact... 284 16.7 PREDICTED IMPACTS AFTER MITIGATION... 285 16.8 REFERENCES... 285 17 MATERIAL ASSETS... 286 17.1 STUDY AREA... 286 17.2 METHODOLOGY... 286 17.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT... 286 17.3.1 Utilities Infrastructure... 287 17.3.2 Non-Renewable Resources... 288 17.3.3 Renewable Resources... 288 17.4 SUMMARY OF KEY POSSIBLE IMPACTS... 288 17.4.1 Utilities Infrastructure... 288 17.4.2 Non-Renewable Resources... 289 17.4.3 Renewable Resources... 289 17.4.4 Do-Nothing Impact... 289 17.4.5 Cumulative Impacts... 290 17.5 MITIGATION MEASURES... 290 17.6 RESIDUAL IMPACTS AFTER MITIGATION... 291 17.7 REFERENCES... 291 18 INTER-RELATIONSHIPS & INTERACTIONS... 292 viii/xi

LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1: ROUTE LOCATION... 3 FIGURE 2.1: TRANSPORTATION VS DEMAND... 7 FIGURE 2.2: SIX ROUTE OPTIONS... 11 FIGURE 3.1: PIPE FLOW DIAGRAM... 17 FIGURE 3.2: GROUND PROFILE OF PROPOSED PIPELINE... 19 FIGURE 3.3: CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME... 22 FIGURE 3.4: TYPICAL REINSTATEMENT DETAIL FOR THE TRENCH... 26 FIGURE 3.5: LAYOUT OF INLET STATION AT DUBLIN PORT... 29 FIGURE 3.6: LAYOUT OF RECEPTION STATION AT DUBLIN AIRPORT... 30 FIGURE 9.1: GRAPH SHOWING TRAFFIC PATTERNS ON EAST WALL ROAD... 93 FIGURE 9.2: CLONTARF ROAD LOOKING WEST (ALONG WESTBOUND CARRIAGEWAY TO RAIL BRIDGE)... 94 FIGURE 9.3: HOWTH ROAD LOOKING SOUTH (TAKEN NEAR JUNCTION WITH COPELAND AV)... 95 FIGURE 9.4: GRAPH SHOWING TRAFFIC PATTERNS ON HOWTH ROAD (JUST SOUTH OF COPELAND AVENUE JCT).... 95 FIGURE 9.5: COPELAND AVENUE LOOKING NORTH... 96 FIGURE 9.6: GRAPH SHOWING TRAFFIC PATTERNS ON COPELAND AVENUE... 96 FIGURE 9.7: GRAPH SHOWING TRAFFIC PATTERNS ON MALAHIDE ROAD (JUST SOUTH OF COLLINS AVENUE).. 97 FIGURE 9.8: GRAPH SHOWING TRAFFIC PATTERNS ON MALAHIDE ROAD (JUST NORTH OF JUNCTION WITH OSCAR TRAYNOR ROAD)... 98 FIGURE 9.9: PHOTO OF THE R139 LOOKING EAST... 99 FIGURE 9.10: PHOTO OF CLONSHAUGH ROAD LOOKING NORTH... 99 FIGURE 9.11: EXAMPLE OF A TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT DRAWING... 108 FIGURE 10.1: BASELINE NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS... 115 FIGURE 11.1: NATURA 2000 SITES WITHIN 10 KM OF THE PROPOSED PIPELINE ROUTE... 156 FIGURE 11.2: PNHAS WITHIN 10 KM OF THE PROPOSED PIPELINE ROUTE... 157 FIGURE 11.3: OVERVIEW OF HABITATS ALONG PROPOSED PIPELINE ROUTE... 166 FIGURE 11.4: LOCATION OF FIXED VANTAGE POINTS FOR WINTER BIRD SURVEYS... 174 FIGURE 12.1: QUATERNARY GEOLOGY MAP... 191 FIGURE 12.2: BEDROCK GEOLOGY MAP... 192 FIGURE 12.3: AQUIFER CLASSIFICATIONS... 194 FIGURE 12.4: GROUNDWATER WELL LOCATIONS... 195 FIGURE 12.5: GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY... 196 FIGURE 13.1: WATERBODY CATCHMENT MAP... 210 FIGURE 13.2: SANTRY RIVER - LAUNCH AND RECEPTION PIT LOCATIONS... 212 FIGURE 13.3: BANKS AT SANTRY RIVER CROSSING LOCATION LOOKING SOUTHEAST... 212 FIGURE 13.4: TOLKA RIVER CHANNEL LOOKING NORTH AT PROPOSED CROSSING... 216 FIGURE 13.5: SOUTHERN BANK OF TOLKA RIVER CROSSING... 216 FIGURE 13.6: BANK AT TOLKA RIVER CROSSING LOCATION LOOKING SOUTH... 217 FIGURE 13.7: STORM SEWERS AND OTHER SERVICES CROSSING THE PROPOSED AVIATION FUEL PIPELINE CORRIDOR... 218 FIGURE 13.8: WATERMAINS CROSSING THE PROPOSED AVIATION FUEL PIPELINE CORRIDOR... 219 FIGURE 13.9: FLOOD INFORMATION MAP... 222 FIGURE 13.10: PROPOSED LOCATION OF TOLKA RIVER CROSSING... 223 FIGURE 13.11: WATER QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS & WFD STATUS... 230 FIGURE 14.1: WINDROSE FOR DUBLIN AIRPORT (1942-2010)... 241 FIGURE 16.1: TOLKA QUAY ROAD, LOOKING EAST... 272 FIGURE 16.2: EAST WALL ROAD LOOKING SOUTH EAST... 273 FIGURE 16.3: EAST WALL ROAD (NEAR JUNCTION WITH ALFIE BYRNE ROAD), LOOKING EAST... 273 FIGURE 16.4: ALFIE BYRNE ROAD, LOOKING SOUTH... 274 FIGURE 16.5: CLONTARF ROAD, LOOKING WEST... 274 FIGURE 16.6: HOWTH ROAD, LOOKING NORTH... 275 FIGURE 16.7: COPELAND AVENUE, LOOKING NORTH... 275 ix/xi

LIST OF FIGURES - Cont'd FIGURE 16.8: MALAHIDE ROAD AT DONNYCARNEY, LOOKING SOUTH... 275 FIGURE 16.9: MALAHIDE ROAD AT ARTANE, LOOKING SOUTH... 276 FIGURE 16.10: NORTHERN CROSS (N32), LOOKING WEST... 276 FIGURE 16.11: CLONSHAUGH ROAD, LOOKING NORTH... 277 FIGURE 16.12: AIRPORT CAMPUS, VIEWED FROM RADISSON BLU HOTEL... 277 FIGURE 16.13: TOLKA RIVER IN VICINITY OF CROSSING, LOOKING NORTH... 278 FIGURE 16.14: SANTRY RIVER IN VICINITY OF CROSSING, LOOKING EAST... 279 FIGURE 16.15: ENCLOSURE DETAILS MALAHIDE ROAD (R107)... 281 FIGURE 16.15: ENCLOSURE DETAILS MALAHIDE ROAD (R139)... 282 FIGURE 16.16: PROPOSED LOCATION OF INLET STATION... 283 FIGURE 16.17: RECEPTION STATION AT DUBLIN AIRPORT... 283 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1: INITIAL ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MATRIX... 13 TABLE 3.1: TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF JET A1 FUEL... 15 TABLE 3.2: FLUID CATEGORY AS PER I.S. EN 14161:2011... 16 TABLE 3.3: PIPELINE DESIGN DATA... 18 TABLE 3.4: TRAFFIC IMPACT NUMBERS OF ROADS WITHIN DCC FUNCTIONAL AREA... 23 TABLE 3.5: RESTRICTIONS IN EACH TIN... 23 TABLE 3.6: LOCATION OF SPECIAL ENGINEERING DIFFICULTIES (SED S)... 27 TABLE 5.1: LIST OF MEETINGS CONDUCTED... 50 TABLE 5.2: SUBMISSIONS RECEIVED... 54 TABLE 7.1: ZONING LAND USES WITHIN 500M OF THE PIPELINE CORRIDOR... 66 TABLE 7.2: LAND USE ZONING & CLASSIFICATION... 68 TABLE 8.1: CENSUS DATA CLASSIFICATIONS... 76 TABLE 8.2: POPULATION CHANGES BY ELECTORAL DIVISION BETWEEN 2006 AND 2011 AND POPULATION DENSITY... 78 TABLE 8.3: PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE OVER 5 YEARS CLASSIFIED BY TRAVEL MODE TO WORK, SCHOOL OR COLLEGE... 79 TABLE 8.4: PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE OVER 5 YEARS CLASSIFIED BY TRAVEL TIMES TO WORK, SCHOOL OR COLLEGE... 81 TABLE 8.5: PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE OVER 5 YEARS CLASSIFIED BY TRAVEL DURATION TO WORK, SCHOOL OR COLLEGE... 82 TABLE 8.6: MAIN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ACTIVITY ALONG THE PROPOSED PIPELINE CORRIDOR... 83 TABLE 9.1: LIST OF ROADS AND TRAFFIC IMPACT NUMBERS WITHIN DUBLIN CITY COUNCIL... 92 TABLE 9.2: PROPOSED FUTURE CYCLE NETWORK ALONG PIPELINE ROUTE... 100 TABLE 9.3: PROPOSED CYCLE ROUTE NETWORK CATEGORISATION... 101 TABLE 9.4: TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION STAGE TRIP GENERATION FOR WORK SITES... 102 TABLE 10.1: EXAMPLES OF INDICATIVE NOISE LEVELS... 113 TABLE 10.2: BASELINE NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS... 114 TABLE 10.3: MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE NOISE LEVELS AT THE FAÇADE OF DWELLINGS DURING CONSTRUCTION...... 117 TABLE 10.4: RECOMMENDED ROAD CONSTRUCTION NOISE GUIDELINES (NRA, 2004)... 117 TABLE 10.5: SUMMARY OF DAYTIME NOISE LEVELS... 119 TABLE 10.6: SUMMARY OF NIGHT-TIME NOISE LEVELS... 121 TABLE 10.7: SUMMARY OF BS5228 PART 1 DAYTIME AND EVENING-TIME CONSTRUCTION NOISE THRESHOLD VALUES... 124 TABLE 10.8: SUMMARY OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES AND RELATED EQUIPMENT SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FROM BS 5228 PART 1... 125 TABLE 10.9: SUMMARY OF STANDARD CONSTRUCTION PREDICTED NOISE LEVELS (DB LAEQ, 10 HOUR)... 126 TABLE 10.10: SUMMARY OF SPECIALIST CONSTRUCTION CALCULATIONS (LAEQ, 10 HOUR)... 127 TABLE 10.11: GUIDANCE ON THE EFFECT OF CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION LEVELS ON HUMANS... 131 x/xi

LIST OF TABLES - Cont'd TABLE 10.12: TRANSIENT VIBRATION GUIDE VALUES FOR COSMETIC DAMAGE... 132 TABLE 10.13: VIBRATION CRITERIA FOR SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT... 132 TABLE 10.14: BASELINE VIBRATION SURVEY RESULTS... 134 TABLE 11.1: SUMMARY OF THE DESIGNATED NATURE CONSERVATION SITES WITHIN 10 KM OF THE PROPOSED PIPELINE ROUTE... 151 TABLE 11.2: RECORDS OF RARE OR PROTECTED FLORA FROM GRID SQUARES O13 AND O14... 159 TABLE 11.3: RARE OR PROTECTED TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS FROM GRID SQUARES O13 AND O14... 163 TABLE 11.4: LIST OF HABITATS AND THEIR ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION RATING... 167 TABLE 11.5: LIST OF BOTANICAL SPECIES RECORDED DURING WALKOVER SURVEYS... 168 TABLE 11.6: NUMBERS OF BRENT GEESE IN DUBLIN BAY (DATA SOURCE, I-WEBS COUNTS)... 173 TABLE 11.7: CUMULATIVE DATA FOR BIRDS RECORDED ON ALFIE BYRNE OPEN SPACE AND TOLKA ESTUARY175 TABLE 11.8: CUMULATIVE DATA FOR BIRDS RECORDED IN BELCAMP PARK... 176 TABLE 11.9: BIRD SPECIES RECORDED ALONG PROPOSED PIPELINE CORRIDOR... 177 TABLE 11.10: EPA BIOLOGICAL RIVER WATER QUALITY RATINGS IN RECEIVING WATERS... 178 TABLE 12.1: GSI GUIDELINES AQUIFER VULNERABILITY MAPPING... 197 TABLE 12.2: COMPARISON OF RISKS FOR DIFFERENT OPTIONS... 202 TABLE 13.1: PIPELINE CROSSING DETAILS AT STREAMS... 215 TABLE 13.2: HISTORICAL FLOOD INCIDENTS... 220 TABLE 13.3: WFD RISK STATUS OF RIVERS AND TRANSITIONAL WATERS... 227 TABLE 13.4: EPA BIOLOGICAL RIVER WATER QUALITY RATINGS IN RECEIVING WATERS... 228 TABLE 13.5: WFD STATUS OF RIVERS AND TRANSITIONAL WATERS... 228 TABLE 13.6: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL RESULTS IN RECEIVING WATERS... 229 TABLE 14.1: DUBLIN AIRPORT MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN AND EXTREME VALUES (1961-1990)... 240 TABLE 14.2: SUMMARY OF EPA MONITORING RESULTS 2010, 2011 & 2012 (UNITS UG/M 3 UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED)... 243 TABLE 14.3: NRA ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR THE IMPACT OF DUST EMISSIONS FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES WITH STANDARD MITIGATION IN PLACE... 244 TABLE 14.4: VEHICULAR EMISSIONS FROM CONSTRUCTION VEHICLES... 245 TABLE 14.5: ESTIMATION OF OFFSET IN EMISSIONS (10,000 VEHICLES)... 246 TABLE 14.6: SUMMARY OF CO2 EMISSION SAVINGS... 246 TABLE 15.1: RMP SITES WITHIN THE 750 M STUDY AREA... 253 TABLE 15.2: INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE RECORD SITES WITHIN THE PROPOSED PIPELINE CORRIDOR... 260 TABLE 15.3: INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE RECORD SITES WITHIN 50 M OF THE PROPOSED PIPELINE CORRIDOR. 260 TABLE 15.4: NATIONAL MONUMENTS IN THE WIDER ENVIRONMENT OF THE PROPOSED PIPELINE CORRIDOR 261 TABLE 15.5: PROTECTED STRUCTURES WITHIN 50 M OF THE PROPOSED PIPELINE CORRIDOR (DUBLIN CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN)... 261 TABLE 15.6: TABLE 15.7: ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION AREAS WITHIN 50 M OF THE PROPOSED PIPELINE CORRIDOR (DUBLIN CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN)... 262 NIAH HISTORIC GARDENS AND DESIGNED LANDSCAPES WITHIN THE PROPOSED PIPELINE CORRIDOR... 263 TABLE 15.8: NIAH HISTORIC GARDENS AND DESIGNED LANDSCAPES WITHIN 50 M OF THE PROPOSED PIPELINE CORRIDOR... 263 TABLE 17.1: ECONOMIC & CULTURAL ASSETS... 286 TABLE 17.2: SUMMARY OF MAIN UTILITIES WITHIN THE PROPOSED PIPELINE CORRIDOR... 287 TABLE 18.1: SUMMARY OF INTERACTIONS & INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS... 293 TABLE 18.2: DESCRIPTION OF IMPACTS... 294 xi/xi