Development of the bioenergy sector Jean Marc Jossart AEBIOM Eberswalde, 8 December 2009
AEBIOM AEBIOM European Biomass Association Representing and promoting interests of bioenergy stakeholders 30 national associations 70 companies Activities : lobbying, workshops, newsletter, projects, etc. Based in Brussels Renewable Energy House
Statistics 2007 Gross final energy demand (ktoe) total : 1 200 265 ktoe RES production (ktoe) Total : 115 908 ktoe Transport ; 377.247; 31% Electricity; 287.050; 24% Transport ; 7.877; 7% Electricity; 43.842; 38% Heat; 535.968; 45% Heat; 64.190; 55% Source : Eurostat Renewable heat (ktoe) Total : 64 190 ktoe 1.217; 2% 387; 1% 938; 1% 777; 1% 52.298; 82% 7.713; 12% 860; 1% Biogas (derived heat) Solid biomass (derived heat) Biowaste (derived heat) Solid biomass Geothermal Solar thermal Heat pumps
Why bioenergy? Developing alternatives to oil is essential Oil supply IEA reference scenario 120 mb/d 100 80 60 NGLs Unconventional oil Crude oil fields yet to be developed or found Crude oil currently producing fields Source : World Energy outlook 2009 40 20 0 2000 2008 2030 What future is this? Towards stronger and stronger oil companies! When is the next energy crisis expected? How can the economy run with unpredictable energy prices? Output of existing fields will decline by 2/3 by 2030! In BAU case (low RES) a EU country will pay high prices for CO2 emissions rights, RES credits and fossil energy!
Why bioenergy? Bioenergy generates jobs, also in rural areas Jobs in the RES sector in Germany Source : Energy Revolution, Greenpeace, from BMU Energy cannot be decentralised so easily. Recirculation of energy expenses in the local economy brings positive loop effect.
Why bioenergy? Biomass can be stored and converted in energy on demand.
Technologies Biomass technologies BioEnergy Forest and derived industries Wood logs Wood pellets Wood chips Stoves Boilers Space heating for buildings District heating Sanitary water Byproducts/ Wastes Cogeneration plant Heat for industrial process Agriculture and derived industries Crops and by-products like straw Wet biomass/ wastes Methanisation plant Cogeneration engine Methane in grid Bioelectricity Heat
Solid biomass fuels Wood logs Wood chips Pellets
Solid biomass fuels Volume necessary to store 20 000 kwh energy (2000 l gasoil) Gasoil Wood logs Wood chips Pellets
Solid biomass fuels There are many possibilities to store pellets and wood chips Source : Geoplast
Heat small scale Wood log stove Pellets stove Pellets boiler Wood log boiler Wood chips Condensation technologies
Heat small scale Technology improvements towards higher efficiency and cleaner emissions Source : FJ BLT Wieselburg, 2005
Bioelectricity Electrabel, Les Awirs, 80 MWe, 350 000 t pellets (100% of the fuel) MVV Energie AG plant, 20 MWe, 160 000 t wood waste Source : Laborelec Alholmens Kraft, Pietarsaari, 240 MWe, 600-1000 m3 wood/hour Source : BBE Dong energy, Avedore Copenhagen, 570 MWe, fossil + straw, pellets Source : http://dbdh.dk
Biomass supply demand Primary biomass Eurostat structure Import Gross inland consumption Export Heat Electricity Transport Input to electricity and CHP Input to DH Losses Bioelectricity Derived heat Final energy consumption Biomass for households and services Biomass for industry Biofuels Understanding the Eurostat energy structure is essential!
Biomass supply demand Import 4 158 ktoe Primary biomass 96 179 ktoe Export 1 846 ktoe Targets 2020 Gross inland consumption 98 383 ktoe 220 Mtoe Europe 27 Source : Eurostat for year 2007 Input to electricity and CHP 33 320 ktoe Input to DH 3 311 ktoe Losses 13 541 ktoe Bioelectricity 8 754 ktoe Derived heat 7 714 ktoe 17,2 Mtoe Or 200 000 GWh 34,5 Mtoe Biomass for households and services Biomass for industry 18 614 ktoe Biofuels 7 877 ktoe 30 Mtoe 40 Mtoe 73 Mtoe 34 994 ktoe
Potential of biomass EEA potential
Potential of biomass EU 27 Biomass Potential by sector Mtoe 477 358 239 119 Source : DG Agri, from BEE, 2008
Potential of biomass Pellets production and consumption in the world Source: ISO/TC 238 Business Plan; Second Draft 2009
Potential of biomass Biomass Supply in 2020
Energy crops Sweden Hemp 800 ha Willows 13-15 000 ha CO2 tax of about 100 /t Large market/demand for biomass Support scheme for SRF plantation (500 /ha now) Finland Reed canary grass - 20 000 ha Large market/demand for biomass Mix with peat Emission Trading biomass as zero emission factor United Kingdom Willows 4000 ha Miscanthus 1000 ha Limited wood resources Energy crop support schemes (800 1000 /ha) ROCs for electricity- advantage for crops
Energy crops France Denmark Germany Miscanthus 1300 ha Sugar reform fund (64 M available) drying pulp Diversification from alfalfa pellets Waste water treatment/water table protection/sewage sludge Willows - 3000 ha High biomass price SRC 1000 ha Miscanthus 325 ha Crops for biogas 5 to 900 000 ha Electricity support schemes and bonuses Advanced biofuels/security of supply Energy crops development depends on national initiatives. EU priority is still weak (no mandatory measures in rural development programme).
Maximising the use of 1 ton oil equivalent (toe) Replaced fossil (toe) CO2 avoided (t) Bioheat in automatic boilers 0,9 toe 1 toe light fuel oil 3,1 1 toe biomass Bioelectricity - co-firing 0,35 toe Cogeneration bioheat 0,6 toe and bioelec. 0,25 toe 1 toe coal 0,67 toe light fuel oil 0,71 toe coal 4,6 4,9 2 nd generation biofuels (BtL) 0,4 toe 0,4 toe diesel 1,2 Source : AEBIOM calculations Bioheat and cogeneration are more effective for final energy production and CO2 reduction.!!!! Reduction per toe is different from % reduction!!!!
Maximising the use of 1 hectare land (ha) Rape - biodiesel 3 t/ha 450 l biodiesel/ t 32,7 MJ/l Gross energy per ha (toe) 1,0* CO2 avoided (t) 3,3 1 ha land Wheat - ethanol 7,5 t/ha 370 l ethanol/ t 21,2 MJ/l 1,4* 4,3 Sugar beet eth. 60 t/ha 100 l ethanol/ t 21,2 MJ/l 3,0* 9,3 Willow, misc. BtL 12 t/ha dry matter 212 l BtL/t 2,0 6,4 Maize - biogas 15 t/ha dry matter 600 m 3 biogas/ t 21,6 MJ/m 3 Source : AEBIOM calculations Land use should be optimised according to energy production and CO2 reduction 4,6 * + by-products 14,2
Thank you for your attention Jean-Marc Jossart