National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Similar documents
Transcription:

National Renewable Energy Laboratory National Renewable Energy Laboratory David Warner Lee Boughey National Renewable Energy Laboratory Presented to UFTO May 8, 2002 Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute Battelle Bechtel

Earth Lights! 2

World Population Growth 1750-2100 10 8 Billions 6 4 2 Developing Countries Industrial Countries 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 Source: Population Reference Bureau 3

Energy and Economic Development GDP Per Capita ($000/person) 100 10 1 0.1 0.1 Poverty Ethiopia El Salvador Bangladesh Japan France United Kingdom Mexico China Affluence South Korea Poland Russia United States 1 10 100 1000 Energy Consumption Per Capita (BTU/person) Source: Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual 1998 Tables E1, B1, B2; Mike Grillot, 5/17/00 Gross Domestic Product per capita is for 1997 in 1990 dollars. Energy Consumption per capita is 1997. 4

120 100 U.S. Energy Consumption by Source 1850-1999 Non-hydro Renewables Quadrillion BTUs 80 60 40 Hydro Nuclear Natural Gas 20 Wood Crude Oil 0 Coal 1850 1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 Source: 1850-1949, Energy Perspectives: A Presentation of Major Energy and Energy-Related Data, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1975; 1950-1996, Annual Energy Review 1996, Table 1.3. Note: Between 1950 and 1990, there was no reporting of non-utility use of renewables. 1997-1999, Annual Energy Review 1999, Table F1b. 5

Domestic Production with Transportation Use 1970-2020 Million Barrels per Day Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 1997 Tbls 2.1, 5.1 and Annual Energy Outlook 1999 Tbl 11 6

U.S. Dependence on Foreign Oil Have Oil Saudi Arabia 25% Iraq 10% UAE 9% Kuwait 9% Iran 9% Venezuela 6% Russia 5% Mexico 5% Libya 3% China 3% Nigeria 2% U.S. 2% Source: International Energy Annual 1998 (EIA), Tables 1.2 and 8.1. Use Oil U.S. 26% Japan 8% China 6% Germany 4% Russia 3% Italy 3% France 3% S. Korea 3% Canada 3% England 3% Brazil 3% India 3% The U.S. uses more than the next 5 highest consuming nations combined. 7

National Security Events Related to Major Disruptions in Fuel Supply Source: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/25opec/all_25_anniversary.xls Barrels of oil per day removed from world markets as a result of conflicts. 8

Atmospheric Concentration of CO 2 Atmospheric CO 2 Concentration (PPMV) Year Source: Adapted from W.M. Post, T.H. Peng, W.R. Emanuel, A.W. King, V.H. Dale, and D. DeAngelis. American Scientist, 1990. The Global Carbon Cycle. 9

Shell Sustained Growth Scenario 1500 Surprise Geothermal joules Exa 1000 500 Solar Biomass Wind Nuclear Hydro Gas Oil &NGL 0 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 Sources: 1995; Shell, The Evolution of the World s Energy Systems, 1995 Coal Trad. Bio. 10

U.S. Renewable Energy Resources Solar Wind 10 12 14 16 16 14 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 26 24 22 20 18 14 16 12 10 14 10 2 Megajoules/m 12 <10 10-12 12-14 14-16 16-18 18-20 20-22 22-24 24-26 26-28 >28 6.0-6.5 m/s 13.4-14.6 mph 6.5-70 m/s 14.6-15.7 mph >7.0 m/s 15.7+ mph Biomass Geothermal Agricultural resources residues Wood resources and residues Agricultural and wood residues Low inventory o Temperature <90C o Temperature >90C Geopressured resources 11

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute Battelle Bechtel 12

Major DOE National Laboratories h Pacific Northwest INEEL National Renewable Lawrence Berkeley Energy Laboratory h Lawrence Livermore h Argonne Oak Ridge h NETL h Brookhaven Los Alamos Sandia Defense Program Labs n Office of Science Labs Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Lab Environmental Management Lab Fossil Energy Lab 13

Formation of SERI/NREL 1974 Solar Energy Research Development and Demonstration Act; Section 10, Public Law 93-473 1975 National Research Council: Establishment of a Solar Energy Research Institute Committee" Report; Colorado site selected MRI 1977 SERI opened doors 1991 President Bush renamed the Solar Energy Research Institute to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and elevated its status in the laboratory system 14

National Renewable Energy Laboratory ionly national laboratory dedicated to renewable energy and energy efficiency R&D iresearch spans fundamental science to technology solutions icollaboration with industry and university partners is a hallmark iresearch programs linked to market opportunities 15

Major NREL Technology Thrusts Supply Side Wind Energy Solar Photovoltaics Concentrating Solar Power Solar Buildings Biomass Power Biofuels Geothermal Energy Hydrogen Superconductivity Distributed Power Demand Side Hybrid Vehicles Fuels Utilization Buildings Energy Technology Federal Energy Management Advanced Industrial Technologies Cross Cutting Basic Energy Science Analytical Studies International Programs 16

South Table Mountain Site 17

National Wind Technology Center Industrial User Facility 18

Renewable Energy Cost Trends Cost of Electricity ( /KWH) 100 80 60 40 20 PV 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 10 8 6 4 2 40 30 20 10 Wind 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 Geothermal Source: Billman, Advances in Solar Energy submission, 1/8/99 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 19

Agenda 9:00 am 9.50 am Solar Programs Overview 10:00 am 10:50 am Distributed Energy Resources and Hydrogen 11:00 am 11:30 am Superconductivity Program 11:45 am 12:50 pm Energy Analysis Overview / Lunch 1:00 pm 1:50 pm Biofuels Overview 2:00 pm 2:50 pm Bioenergy Overview 3:30 pm 5:00 pm Wind Power / Hybrid Test Facility Overview 20