The EU Renewable Energy Framework for Biogas Giulio Volpi Renewable Energy and CCS Unit DG Energy, European Commission
The 20-20-20 EU policy, by 2020-20% -20% 100% 20% Greenhouse gas levels Energy consumption Renewables in energy mix 8,5%
Renewable Energy Directive (28/2009) Covering all sectors (power, heating & cooling, transports) Legally binding national targets Improved and more transparent national planning (National Renewable Energy Action Plans -NREAPs) Reformed administrative procedures; certification and information requirements Improved and more cost-effective support systems Sustainability standard for biofuels
National renewable energy targets BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK 2.2% 13% 9.4% 16% 6.1% 13% 17.0% 5.8% 18% 18.0% 25% 3.1% 16% 6.9% 18% 8.7% 20% 10.3% 23% 5.2% 17% 2.9% 13% 15% 23% 0.9% 11% 4.3% 13% 0% 10% 2.4% 14% 23.3% 7.2% 15% 20.5% 17.8% 24% 16% 25% 6.7% 14% 28.5% 1.3% 15% 30% 32.6% 34% 31% 38% 39.8% 40% RES share in 2005 RES share in 2020 49%
consumption (ktoe) Renewable energy share in the three sectors in 27 Member States 600000 EU renewable energy share in the three sectors 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 21,31% 34,06% 10,13% 12,57% 15,51% 19,58% 1,39% 5,06% 11,29% 2005 2010 2020 2005 2010 2020 2005 2010 2020 Heating & Cooling Electricity Transport Renew able Energy Others
Growth and share of renewable technologies ktoe 250000 Heat pumps 200000 150000 100000 50000 Biomass Wind Tide, wave, ocean Solar Geothermal Hydro 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Solar, wind and biomass are the technologies progressing most rapidly. Solar and wind develop for electricity generation while biomass remains dominant for the heating sector. Source: European Commission
ktoe 250000 Technology breakdown - detail Technology Results from the National Renewable Energy Action Plans 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Other Biofuels Hydrogen Biodiesel Bioethanol Heat pumps bioliquids Heat biogas Heat solid Biomass Heat Solar Heat Geothermal Heat bioliquids Electricity biogas Electricity solid Biomass Electricity offshore onshore Tide, w ave, ocean concentrated solar pow er photovoltaic Geothermal Electricity Hydro
GWh Development of renewable energy in electricity in EU 27 Technology breakdown - electricity 1400000 1200000 1000000 Tide, wave, ocean Geothermal Electricity 800000 Solar electricity 600000 400000 200000 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Biomass electricity Wind Hydro
Biomass in Electricity 2005-2020 (ktoe) 25000 Bioliquids 20000 15000 Biogas Solid Biogas: 5.5 Mtoe (5.3% of RES-E) 14 MS will use significant biogas in electricity by 2020 10000 5000 0 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
ktoe Technology breakdown heating/cooling 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Geothermal Heat Solar Heat Heat pumps Biomass Heat
Biomass in Heating and Cooling 2005-2020 (ktoe) 100000 90000 80000 Bioliquids Biogas Solid 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 Biogas: 5 Mtoe (4.5% RES-H) Significant biogas use in 9 MS 20000 10000 0 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
ktoe Development of renewable energy in transport in EU 27 Technology breakdown 35000 30000 Biogas part of other biofuels Up to 0.7 Mtoe (0.2% RES-T) Steep growth after 2015 25000 2nd generation 20000 15000 Hydrogen Other Biofuels Electricity in transport 10000 Bioethanol Biodiesel 5000 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Main RES-E support instruments in the EU-27 Quota obligation Feed-in tarrif Feed-in premium Other instruments than the above Notes: 1) The patterned colours represent a combination of instruments 2) Investments grants, tax exemptions and fiscal incentives are not included in this picture. Finland Sweden Estonia Denmark Latvia Lithuania Ireland United Kingdom Netherlands Germany Poland Belgium Luxembourg Czech Republic Slovakia France Austria Slovenia Hungary Romania Portugal Italy Bulgaria Spain Greece Cyprus Malta
EU sustainability criteria for biofuels. GHG saving criteria: at least 35% lifecycle savings (50%-60% from. 2017/18) compared to fossil fuel No conversion of land with high carbon stock» Densely forested areas, wetlands, peatlands. No raw material from land with high biodiversity value» Primary forest, nature protection areas, highly biodiverse grasslands. Have to be met in order to:» Count toward the targets (10% and the 20% )» Count toward obligations (put on suppliers)» Be eligible for financial support (for their consumption)
EU recommendation on biomass sustainability.ms to follow broadly the EU biofuels criteria» Exemption for waste» Exemption for small bioenergy plants (below 1 MW).MS to stimulate higher conversion efficiencies» By using bonuses for most efficient end uses.ms to keep records of biomass origin and to monitor small-scale uses.assess effectiveness of EU recommendations by end of 2011 both as regards the internal market and sustainability issues
GHG savings for biogas. Illustrative example of co-digestion of 70 % maize, 30 % manure. (wet mass) Biogas to electricity:» Electricity: 31 61 % savings» Heat: -. Biomethane:» Electricity: 18 67 % savings» Heat: 26 70 % heat comparator 87,3 gco2eq./mjth electricity comparator 198,4 gco2eq./mjel. Possible manure emission credits not included
2020/2050 Key Challenges» Increasing importance of RES increases requirements on capacity and flexibility of electricity grids power plants energy storage demand side management (~smart)» Energy Roadmap 2050» Renewable Energy Communication on post 2020 (public consultation imminent)» 2012 update on state of internal market
Thank you for your attention giulio.volpi@ec.europa.eu http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/index_en.htm