Dissemination of Raised Bed Technology to Address Water Shortages in Irrigated Areas A Review of Technology Transfer Project funded by FDTTPC, UAF Principal Investigator Prof. Dr. Rai Niaz Ahmad Dean Faculty of Agri. Engg. & Tech/ Director Water Management Research Centre, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Review of Raised Bed Technology Bed-Furrow research at WMRC-UAF confirms: Water saving: Up to 50% Improved fertilizer use efficiency Better control on weeds Reduced crop lodging Less seed rate Yield increase by 20 to 25 percent 4/13/2012 2
Project Objectives 1) To introduce University Bed Planter to grow maize and cotton on bed-furrow system for improving their water productivity; 2) To demonstrate Raised Bed Technology and Laser Land Leveling at Farmer s fields in comparison with traditional irrigation practices; 3) To search and address the constraints, both at the farmers and technology level, to adopt the raised bed technology among farming community. 4/13/2012 3
Methodology Meeting with farmers to introduce Raised Bed Technology for cotton and maize Gap between irrigation supply and demand? Demonstration of Raised Bed Technology along with LASER Land Leveling to reduce the gap between irrigation demands and supplies for cotton and maize 4/13/2012 4
Cotton Planting on Beds Issues: - Size of bed-furrow planting system - Density of plants on bed-furrow planting Concerns: - Plant population and yield - Water saving 4/13/2012 5
Flood / Conventional Irrigation method 1. Irrigation Application Efficiency: 55% 2. Poor Distribution Efficiency 3. Low Fertilizer Use Efficiency 4. Low Water Productivity 4/13/2012 6
Progress Made Zero cotton bed planting to 100 acres in 2008 to 600 acres in 2009 to >1000 acres in 2010 4/13/2012 7
Farmers Group Meetings for Awareness 4/13/2012 8
Sites of Cotton Bed Planting (2008) Name of farmer Village Area Sown (acre) Haji M. Ashfaq 250 GB 2.5 Faqir Hussain 251 GB 7 M.Akmal S/O Faqir M. 253 GB 9 Gulzar Anjum 256 GB 8 M. Sadique 258 GB 3 Rashid Ali 258 GB 1.5 Ch. Ashfaq 369 JB 2 Total 33 4/13/2012 9
Ashfaq Farm-369/JB 4/13/2012 10
250/GB and 251/GB 4/13/2012 11
253/GB 4/13/2012 12
Data Collection Germination Data Measurement of Irrigation Depth Crop yields and growth parameters Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil Feed back from farmers regarding improvements in machine 4/13/2012 13
Sr. # Yield increase: Cotton Bed Planting 2008 Farmer Name Village Variety Date of sowing Cotton yield (Kg/ha) Bed Planting Ridge Planting % Increase in yield 1 M. Akmal 253-GB BT-703 10-04-08 4347.2 4050.8 7.3 2 M. Sadique 258-GB BT-601 09-06-08 2964 2667.66 11.11 3 Rashid Ali 258-GB BT-703 09-06-08 3655.6 3359.2 8.8 4 ChAshfaq 369-JB BT-121 29-05-08 08 3952 3161.66 25 5 Khurram Shahzad 258-GB BT-802 10-06-08 3705 3260.4 6.0 6 M. Irfan Akhtar 258-GB BT-703 28-05-08 4001.4 3556.8 5.6 7 Sultan Ahmed 258-GB BT-703 29-05-08 3902.6 3458 5.7 Average 3789.69 3359.20 9.93% 4/13/2012 14
Sr. # Water saving: cotton bed planting 2008 Farmer Name Village Variety Date of sowing Total irrigation hours Bed Planting Ridge Planting % Water saving 1 M. Akmal 253-GB BT-703 10-04-08 13.8 17.6 22 2 M. Sadique 258-GB BT-601 09-06-08 15.5 22.6 32 3 Rashid Ali 258-GB BT-703 09-06-08 18.4 25.7 28 4 Ch Ashfaq 369-JB BT-121 29-05-08 08 14.1515 20.6 31 5 Khurram Shahzad 258-GB BT-802 10-06-08 15.2 21 26 6 M. Irfan Akhtar 258-GB BT-703 28-05-08 13.3 18.5 28 7 Sultan Ahmed 258-GB BT-703 29-05-08 15 22 32 Average 15.05 21.14 28.43% 4/13/2012 15
Sites of Cotton Bed Planting (2009) Sr.# Farmer Name Chak Date of Variety Area Planted* No. sowing (Acres) Bed Flat Planting Planting 1 Mahmood 258/GB 28-03-09 BT121 6 2 Sultan 2 M. Khalil Zia 254/GB 30-03-09 BT121, BT703 11 3 3 M. Afzal 249/GB 13-04-09 09 BT121, 8 4 BT601 4 M. Usman 251/GB 22-04-09 BT121 6 3 5 MI M. Imran 258/GB 25-04-09 09 BT121 6 3 6 Shahid Siddique 253/GB 30-04-09 BT121, BT802 11 4 Total area planted (Acres) 48 19 * > 600 acres of cotton bed planting was observed in the area 4/13/2012 16
Cotton Bed Planting (2009) 4/13/2012 17
Cotton Bed Planting (2009) 4/13/2012 18
Yield increase: Cotton Bed Planting 2009 Sr. # 1 2 Farmer Name Mahmood Sultan M. Khalil Zia Village Date of sowing Variety Cotton yield (Kg/ha) % Bed Planting Ridge Planting Increase in yield 258/GB 28-03-09 BT121 4246 3851 9.30 254/GB 30-03-0903 09 BT121 3952 3458 12.50 3 M. Afzal 249/GB 13-04-09 BT121 4446 4051 8.88 4 M. Usman 251/GB 22-04-09 BT121 3914 3496.9 10.66 5 M. Imran 258/GB 25-04-09 BT121 3952 3458 12.50 6 Shahid Siddique 253/GB 30-04-09 BT802 4070.6 3705 8.98 Average 4060.96 3663.99 991 9.91 4/13/2012 19
Sr. # 1 2 Water Saving: Cotton Bed Planting 2009 Farmer Name Mahmood Sultan M. Khalil Zia Village Date of sowing Variety Total irrigation hours Bed Planting Ridge Planting % Water saving 258/GB 28-03-09 BT121 16.41 27.72 40.81 254/GB 30-03-09 BT121 17.63 28.34 37.79 3 M. Afzal 249/GB 13-04-09 09 BT121 16.22 27.65 41.34 4 M. Usman 251/GB 22-04-09 BT121 14.5 22.38 35.21 5 M. Imran 258/GB 25-04-09 BT121 15.3 23.25 34.19 6 Shahid Siddique 253/GB 30-04-09 BT802 15.86 25.08 36.76 Average 15.98 25.73 37.70 4/13/2012 20
Sites of Cotton Bed Planting (2010) Sr.# Farmer Name Chak No. Date of Area Planted* d*(a (Acres) sowing Bed Planting Flat Planting 1 M. Tanveer 258/GB 21-03-10 5 2 2 M. Athar 258/GB 25-03-10 9 2 3 M. Afzal 267/GB 25-03-10 12 2 4 M. Irfan 251/GB 27-03-10 3 1 5 M. Afzal 247/GB 05-05-100 5 1 6 M. Ashraf 251/GB 23-05-10 6 2 7 M. Naeem 249/GB 29-05-10 5 1 8 M. Rizwan 251/GB 01-06-10 18 3 Total area planted (Acres) 63 14 * > 1000 acres of cotton bed planting was observed in the area 4/13/2012 21
Cotton Bed Planting (2010) 4/13/2012 22
Bed furrow planting vs. Ridge furrow planting of maize 4/13/2012 23
Progress Made Wheat Bed Planting Machine to Maize bed planter Two acres maize on bed planting to 40% of the total t maize on bed-furrow furrow, mostly in near by areas i.e. Killianwala and Gojra 4/13/2012 24
Development of Newly Developed Multi-Crop Bed Planter 4/13/2012 25
Front View 4/13/2012 26
Back View 4/13/2012 27
Testing of Bed Planter 4/13/2012 28
Maize on Beds 4/13/2012 29
Maize on Beds 4/13/2012 30
Maize on Beds 4/13/2012 31
Water saving in maize Sr.# Season Ttl Total area under trail (Acres) Total irrigation hours Bed Planting Flat Planting Water saving (%) 1 Autumn 2008 2 10.50 14.55 27.84 2 Spring 2009 10 13.14 19.57 32.90 3 Autumn 2009 12.5 10.00 13.13 29.29 2 Spring 2010 10 14.12 21.11 33.15 Average Water Saving 30.80 4/13/2012 32
Maize grain yield Sr.# Season Total area under trail (Acres) Grain Yield (kg/ha) Bed Planting Flat Planting Increase in Yield (%) 1 Autumn 2008 2 6150 5150 18.50 2 Spring 2009 10 8875 7350 20.50 3 Autumn 2009 12.5 7954 6768 18.01 2 Spring 2010 10 7089 6225 13.91 Average Increase in Grain Yield (%) 17.73 4/13/2012 33
Socio-economic Analysis Regarding Adoption of Raised Bed Technology 4/13/2012 34
Most Convincing Factor of Adoption Distribution of respondents regarding gmost convincing factor of Adoption Response Category Frequency Percentage Water Saving 38 95% Yield Increase 26 65% Time Saving 32 80% 4/13/2012 35
Awareness regarding bed planter's multi- crop capability Response Category (Awareness) Frequency Percentage Yes 35 87.5% No 5 12.5% Total 40 100% 4/13/2012 36
Opinion about the constraints to Adoption of Raised Bed Technology Response Category Frequency Percentage Non- availability of Machine 32 80% High Cost of Machine 25 62.5% Lack of Awareness 10 25% 4/13/2012 37
Distribution of respondents regarding the suggestions Response Category Frequency Percentage Govt. should subsidize Machine 36 90% Govt. should provide easy loans 32 80% Farmers should be trained 28 70% Machine should be publicized on rental basis 25 62.5% 4/13/2012 38
Use of Bed Planting Technology for Other Crops 4/13/2012 39
WHEAT 4/13/2012 40
AFZAL FARM at Kamalia - Mungi Crop outlook after 40 days Bed Planting Control (Flat sowing) 4/13/2012 41
EFFECT OF BED SOWING ON LODGING 4/13/2012 42
Rabi 2007-08 4/13/2012 43
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Harvesting of bed planted wheat 4/13/2012 46
HARVESTING Reaper Combine harvester Combine harvester Manual Manual 4/13/2012 47
Wheat Bed Planting Results 4/13/2012 48
Water Savings at Farmers Fields- Faisalabad Season % Water Saving in Bed Planting Khurrianwala Killianwala Mungi Rabi 2007-08 08 42 40.5 41.5 Rabi 2008-0909 51.86 49.16 49.96 Rabi 2009-10 51.17 47.74 49.05 4/13/2012 49
Wheat Grain Yield at Farmers Fields- Faisalabad Season Bed Planting (kg/ha) Conventional Planting (kg/ha) %age increase in Grain yield Rabi 2007-08 08 Rabi 2008-09 09 4428.33 3760 16 5005 4196 19.28 Rabi 2009-10 3655 3062 19.35 4/13/2012 50
Inter cropping of sugarcane in wheat 4/13/2012 51
Intercropping of sugarcane in wheat 4/13/2012 52
Intercropping of sugarcane 4/13/2012 53
INTERCROPPING OF SUGARCANE IN BED PLANTED WHEAT Location # Area sown (acres) Yield Wheat (kg/ha) Sugarcane (t/ha) Rabi 2007-0808 Rabi 2008-0909 14 4166 79.04 50 4160 78.9 4/13/2012 54
Rice Bed Planting 4/13/2012 55
Rice on Bed-Furrow System at Khurrianwala Line Sowing Rice on Beds Mulching Puddling 4/13/2012 56
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Foreign delegate s visit to Rice Fields 4/13/2012 59
Results of Rice Bed Planting at Khurrianwala year Area under bed planting (acres) Avg. water saving (%) Average increase in yield (%) Kharif 2008 71 29 26 Kharif 2009 80 32 26.3 Kharif 2010 80 continued 4/13/2012 60
USE of BED PLANTING MACHINE for DRIP IRRIGATION 4/13/2012 61
Wheat on beds with drip laterals in the center of beds 4/13/2012 62
Wheat on beds with drip laterals in the center of beds 4/13/2012 63
Drip Irrigation with Maize on Beds 4/13/2012 64
Use of BED PLANTING in TUNNEL FARMING 4/13/2012 65
Tunnel farming (mungi site) Melon on beds 4/13/2012 66
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