Conceptual Overview of Smart Grids Smart Grid Tutorials Track 1 14 th March 2016 Mayur, Manekshaw Center, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi Dr. Pradeep Kumar Yemula Assistant Professor IIT Hyderabad Email: ypradeep@iith.ac.in
Part 1 Part 2 Why Smart Grid? What is a Smart Grid? Part 3 Smart Grid Conceptual Model Part 4 Concluding Remark
General Layout of Power System Generation and Transmission Distribution and Consumption Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electrical_grid 3
Load Curve of Delhi Source: http://www.indiaelectron.com/product_info-174.html 4
Typical Office Building 5
Putting them together Can the building help the city? Can the city help the building? 6
Retail Grid Scenario 1 Shop 1 Shop 2 Shop 3 Shop 4 Shop 5 Distribution Network Energy Meter Distribution Transformer Shop 6 Shop 7 Shop 8 Shop 9 Shop 10 All the shop owners completely depend on the utility power supply and when there is power cut, there is no back up. The businesses simply comes to stand-still. 7
Retail Grid Scenario 2 Diesel Generator Inverter and Battery Shop 1 Shop 2 Shop 3 Shop 4 Shop 5 Shop 6 Shop 7 Shop 8 Shop 9 Shop 10 Back up power is obtained from 10 individual diesel generator sets with batteries and inverters systems, individually owned, operated, and maintained by 10 individual shop owners 8
Retail Grid Scenario 3 Shop 1 Shop 2 Shop 3 Shop 4 Shop 5 Shop 6 Shop 7 Shop 8 Shop 9 Shop 10 A single large generator system is set up at lesser total cost compared to previous scenario. The power is distributed by independent network and metered separately. Shop owners pay 2 bills one to utility and other to local generator. No need to worry about buying diesel, owning, operating and maintaining system. 9
Retail Grid Scenario 4 Shop 1 Shop 2 Shop 3 Shop 4 Shop 5 Shop 6 Shop 7 Shop 8 Shop 9 Shop 10 A single large generator system is set up instead at lesser cost. The power is distributed by independent network and metered separately. Shop owners pay 2 bills one to utility and other to local generator. No need to worry about buying diesel, owning, operating and maintaining system. 10
Retail Grid Scenario 5 Shop 1 Shop 2 Shop 3 Shop 4 Shop 5 Shop 6 Shop 7 Shop 8 Shop 9 Shop 10 Adoption of renewable energy technologies by end consumers will make them prosumers. Electric vehicles will introduce a major new kind of demand with associated challenges and opportunities. Prosumer to Prosumer markets will emerge. 11
Drivers for Smart Grids Utilities Customers Government Loss reduction Peak load management Asset management Renewable integration Self healing grid Access to power Reliability Quality Power Prosumer enablement Choices of power purchase Satisfied customer Reduction in emission intensity Financially sound utilities Tariff neutral system 12
Part 1 Part 2 Why Smart Grid? What is a Smart Grid? Part 3 Smart Grid Conceptual Model Part 4 Concluding Remark
Smart Grid is Layering of Infrastructure 14
Layering of Infrastructure (not Smart) 15
Layering of Infrastructure (Smart) Q) Which layer is the biggest contributor of smartness? 16
Source of Smartness.? Q) Which layer is the biggest contributor of smartness? To answer this we will make use of an analogy Information Communication Physical Brain Nerves Muscles MB MHz MW 17
Definition of Smart Grid A smart grid is an electrical grid that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) to gather and act on information about components, systems, suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/smart_grid 18
Smart Grid is an Inter-disciplinary Area Power Engineering Social Sciences Information Technology Smart Grids Economics Communicati on Technology Regulations and Policy 19
Part 1 Part 2 Why Smart Grid? What is a Smart Grid? Part 3 Smart Grid Conceptual Model Part 4 Concluding Remark
Why Conceptual Model? Conceptual Model helps o the stakeholders to understand the building blocks of a given system o establish a structure, a neutral ground, and a context for further discussions Example Conceptual Models: Q) So is there a conceptual model for smart grid? 21
NIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model Source: http://smartgrid.ieee.org/ieee-smart-grid/smart-grid-conceptual-model 22
Many to Many Communication Information Source Government Regulator Utility Service Provider Business Customer Application Device Machine Destination Government Regulator Utility Service Provider Business Customer Application Device Machine Examples G2G G2B R2U U2U C2A M2M U2A A2S 23
Gridwise Interoperability Stack Source: Gridwise Architecture Council (GWAC) http://www.caba.org/resources/documents/is-2008-30.pdf 24
NIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model Source: http://smartgrid.ieee.org/ieee-smart-grid/smart-grid-conceptual-model 25
Bulk Generation http://smartgrid.ieee.org/ieee-smart-grid/smart-grid-conceptual-model 26
Distribution http://smartgrid.ieee.org/ieee-smart-grid/smart-grid-conceptual-model 27
Customer http://smartgrid.ieee.org/ieee-smart-grid/smart-grid-conceptual-model 28
Markets http://smartgrid.ieee.org/ieee-smart-grid/smart-grid-conceptual-model 29
Operations http://smartgrid.ieee.org/ieee-smart-grid/smart-grid-conceptual-model 30
Service Provider http://smartgrid.ieee.org/ieee-smart-grid/smart-grid-conceptual-model 31
NIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model http://smartgrid.ieee.org/ieee-smart-grid/smart-grid-conceptual-model 32
Smart Grid - Domains & Zones Source: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/doc/xpert_group1_first_set_of_standards.pdf 33
Smart Grid Domains, Zones & Layers Source: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/doc/xpert_group1_first_set_of_standards.pdf 34
Mapping of Smart Grid Systems Source: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/doc/xpert_group1_first_set_of_standards.pdf 35
Part 1 Part 2 Why Smart Grid? What is a Smart Grid? Part 3 Smart Grid Conceptual Model Part 4 Concluding Remark
Big picture of problem solving! Framework sets overall context Model highlights the components and identifies the problem Design is a technology-independent description of the solution to the problem Solution is a technology specific implementation of the design Framework Model Design Solution Source: Gridwise Architecture Council (GWAC) http://www.caba.org/resources/documents/is-2008-30.pdf 37
THANK YOU Dr. Pradeep Kumar Yemula Assistant Professor IIT Hyderabad Email: ypradeep@iith.ac.in