GRAIN SORGHUM PRODUCTION IN WESTERN NEBRASKA 2018 SORGHUM SYMPOSIUM Cody Creech Dryland Cropping Systems Specialist Panhandle Research and Extension Center
OUTLINE Historical information How does it fit into a rotation Weed control Fertility Trial results
COUNTY PRODUCTION Keith County 1980 Harvested 600 acres - Irrigated 73 bu/a; Dryland 28 bu/a 1990 Harvested 400 acres - Irrigated 83 bu/a; Dryland 40 bu/a 2000 Harvested 200 acres - 45 bu/a Chase County 2010 Harvested 1,100 acres - 72.5 bu/a
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DIFFICULTY OF SUSTAINABILITY
SORGHUM WEED CONTROL Dr. Phillip Stahlman, K-State University Sorghum does not compete well with most weeds in the early stages of crop growth, especially under cool or adverse conditions. Yield losses from weed interference typically range from 30-50%; crop failure if severe
HERBICIDE RESISTANT WEEDS IN NEBRASKA Updated January 2017 UNL Weed Science Common waterhemp: 2, 4, 5, 9, 27 * Palmer amaranth: 2, 5, 9, 27 Kochia: 2, 4, 5, 9 Horseweed/marestail: 2, 9 Giant ragweed: 9 Common ragweed: 9 Shattercane: 2 Johnsongrass: 2 Redroot pigweed: 5 *WSSA Site of Action Classification
MANAGING HERBICIDE RESISTANCE What research says about herbicide mixtures: Beckie & Rebound (2009) Mixtures were as effective as not using the herbicide at all Evans et al. (2016) Herbicide mixing was strongly linked with reduced resistance 2.5 MOA per application 83 times less likely to select resistant weeds
Werle, Sandell et al. (2014)
SORGHUM WEED CONTROL http://www.sorghumcheckoff.com Kochia Marestail Waterhemp Palmer amaranth Grasses Marestail
Herbicide Program for Grain Sorghum
MOST COMMON HERBICIDES IN SORGHUM Dr. Phillip Stahlman, K-State University Atrazine is the foundation herbicide for broadleaf weed control. Atrazine can be applied preplant, preemergence, or postemergence (don t exceed 2.5 lb ai/a per year). Usually mixed with a chloracetamide herbicide (group 15: alachlor, dimethenamid, s-metolachlor, or metolachlor) for preemergence grass control. Herbicide-safened sorghum seed (Concep III) is needed with use of chloracetamide herbicides.
HERBICIDE OPTIONS BURNDOWN/PREPLANT Herbicides Application Cost/acre: Aim + 2,4-D + Glyphosate w/wo Atrazine 10 30 days before planting $10 $20 Atrazine* 0-45 days before planting $10 Bicep II Magnum/Cinch ATZ* 0-30 days before planting** $22 $26 Degree Extra/Fultime NXT After planting, before emerg.** $32 $44 Glyphosate*** Before crop emergence $5 Gramoxone Before crop emergence $11 $16 Lexar EZ* 7 21 days before planting $43 Lumax EZ* 7 14 days before planting $44 *Do not use on sandy soil **Must use seed treated with safener ***Recommended to add an additional tank mix partner and/or residual
UNL RECOMMENDATION WHEN USING 2,4-D OR DICAMBA BEFORE PLANTING: 2,4-D (both ester and amine) 16 fl oz apply no fewer than 10 days before planting >16 fl oz apply no fewer than 21 days before planting Dicamba 4 fl oz apply no fewer than 7 days before planting 8 fl oz apply no fewer than 10 days before planting
HERBICIDE OPTIONS PREEMERGENCE Herbicides Application Cost/acre: Atrazine* EPP, PPSA, PP, PRE $5 $10 Bicep II Magnum/Cinch ATZ* EPP, PPSA, PRE** $22 $26 Degree Extra/Fultime NXT PPI, PRE** $32 $44 Dual II Magnum/Cinch* EPP, PPSA, PRE $17 $20 Lexar EZ* 7 21 DBP** $43 Lumax EZ* 7 14 DBP, EPP, PPSA, PPI, PRE** $44 Outlook 0 30 DBP** $7 $14 Sharpen Preplant or PRE $6 $12 Verdict Preplant or PRE $20 $36 Warrant Preplant, PRE, or POST $13 - $30 *Do not use on sandy soil **Must use seed treated with safener
HERBICIDE OPTIONS POSTEMERGENCE Herbicides Application/Notes Cost/acre: 2,4-D 5 to early boot $1 $2 Aim EC (may mix with atrazine* or Dicamba) Good coverage required $3 (Aim only) Atrazine* (may mix with dicamba) Partial control of grass >1 tall $5 $10 (Atrazine only) Buctril (may mix with atrazine* or dicamba) 3 leaf 12 tall sorghum $6 (Buctril only) Dicamba 3 5 leaf $5 Huskie (may mix with atrazine*) 3 leaf 18 tall sorghum $13 $15 (Huskie only) Paramount (may mix with atrazine*) Emergence to 12 sorghum $20 $31 (Paramount only) Peak (may mix with dicamba) 5 30 sorghum $4 $17 (Peak only) Permit (many tank mix partners) 2 leaf to layby (prior to heading) $15 $23 Starane Ultra 3 leaf to boot (use drops at 8 leaf) $15 Yukon 2 leaf to 15 $13 $19 *Do not use on sandy soil
NITROGEN RECOMMENDATIONS South Dakota N = Yield Goal x 1.1 soil test N (0-2ft) legume credits* + 30 lbs N/a for no-till Kansas N = (YG x 1.6)- (SOM x 20)- PCA- Manure - Tillage - Profile N
NEBRASKA RECOMMENDATION
NITROGEN PLACEMENT IN NO-TILL
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS 1) Start clean and use a good PRE herbicide 2) Use a short season hybrid 3) Plant as early as possible 4) Provide adequate fertility 5) Scout often
RECENT RESULTS FROM SIDNEY
DRYLAND FORAGE SORGHUM Variety Height IN. Tons/A Dry Matter Crude Protein% ADF % Dry Basis NDF% Dry Basis RFV TDN % Dry Basis 1st Choice BMR 64.3 1.5 7 33.5 54.7 107.7 64.4 Honey Graze V 69.3 1.2 7.5 33.9 57.9 100.7 63.9 Silo Mor II BMR 50 1.4 7.9 33.1 57.1 102.7 64.8 NK300 48 1.7 6.7 36.4 59.3 95 61.1 SP2774 65.7 1.3 6.3 34.1 55.7 104.3 63.7 SP4555 58 1.2 6 32.2 53.7 111 65.8 SP4105 46.3 1.5 8.3 34.1 57.9 100.3 63.7 NUTRI-CANE II 60.7 1.6 8.1 33.4 58.3 100.3 64.4 SWEETLEAF II 77.3 1.4 4.9 42.7 65.7 79 53.8 GW 400 BMR 60 1.5 6.8 32.7 54.1 109 65.2 GW 2120 45 1.2 8.3 33.1 57.1 103 64.8 Sweet Forever BMR 55.7 1.2 6.3 33.9 56.3 103.3 63.9 Nutri King BMR 63 1.3 7 35.4 55.3 103.3 62.2 Super Sugar DM 63.7 1.2 8.2 33.6 58.6 99.3 63.9 AF7101 72.3 1.4 6.7 33.7 57.9 99.7 62.7 AF7102 51.7 1.4 9.5 35 57.4 101.7 64.3 AS6402 42 0.9 8 33.7 58.2 100.3 64.1 AS9302 61 1.1 9.5 35 59.6 96.3 62.6 ADV6504 58.3 1.3 5.5 34.4 57.9 99.7 63.2 Corn Silage Control 67.7 0.5 7.3 36.1 57.7 98 61.4
IRRIGATED FORAGE SORGHUM Variety Height IN. Tons/A Dry Matter Crude Protein % ADF % Dry Basis NDF % Dry Basis RFV TDN % Dry Basis BlackHawk 12 96.7 6 6.8 40.3 57.6 92.7 56.51 Nighthawk 6 78.3 6 10.1 39.3 58.5 93 57.56 Pelican BD 6 94.7 6.5 6.7 41.8 58.2 90.3 54.9 SeaHawk 6 123.7 6.5 4.5 46.1 60.8 81 50 NK300 73.7 8.5 5.8 39 54.4 101.3 57.9 SP2774 111.7 5.6 5.8 40.5 55 98 56.4 SP4555 98.3 6.1 5.7 37.4 52.1 106.7 59.9 SP4105 82.7 6.1 7.5 42.1 59.2 88 54.4 NUTRI-CANEII 111.7 6.8 5.9 35.9 52 110 61.6 SWEETLEAF II 110.3 6.2 5 46.3 64.6 76.5 49.6 X5063 122.2 3 4.5 38.7 51.2 107.3 58.3 X50712 92.7 3.9 6.4 36 52.5 108 61.8 X50644 75.7 5.2 8.5 42 58.7 89.3 54.6 X50610 68.7 7.7 7.9 42.9 60.2 86 53.6 X51423 80.3 5.2 10.9 37 53.6 104.3 60.3 X54243 133.3 4.6 4.2 40.1 58.6 91.3 56.6 GW 600 BMR 91.3 7.1 8.5 39.7 57.2 94.7 57.2 Silo Pro BD BMR 66 6.7 9.3 35.9 55.4 102.3 61.5 GW 400 BMR 101.7 8.3 6.9 37.8 52.8 104.7 59.4 GW 475 BMR 109 4.9 6.9 40 56.6 95.2 56.8 GW 2120 94 5.4 7.1 35.5 52.7 108.3 62.1 Sweet Forever BMR 111.3 7.9 6.3 38.2 57.5 95.7 58.9 Nutri King BMR 86.3 5.1 4.5 41.8 56.1 93.7 54.8 Super Sugar DM 107.7 6.2 5.3 39.5 54.5 99.3 57.3 Corn Silage Control 97.7 5.7 9.5 40.7 59.1 90.3 56.1
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