WMO Atmospheric chemistry in OSCAR Øystein Hov President of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences Norwegian Meteorological Institute OSCAR Project Demonstration side event, Cg-17, 27 May 2015 WMO: Research Dept.
Production chain in a weather service Basic data from: Observations Experiments Process description Input information Output from other science disciplines or services IA, socio-economics Core Services Core information Model calculations integrating basic data and process knowledge Downstream Services data policy User customized information (user products) The public specialized operational users Other branches of research or innovation National weather, marine climate emergencies, pollution
Production chain in a weather service Basic data from: Observations Experiments Process description Input information Output from other science disciplines or services IA, socio-economics Core Services Core information Model calculations integrating basic data and process knowledge Downstream Services data policy User customized information (user products) The public specialized operational users Other branches of research or innovation National weather, marine climate emergencies, pollution
WIGOS To define and manage weather, water and climate observations for WMO programmes Enable integration of data from a diversity of observing systems into a composite set Cover traditional and co-sponsored WMO systems (eg GOS, GAW, GCOS, GCW, hydrological systems) Integrate NMHS-observations with data from nontraditional sources incl non-nmhs governmental organisations, research institutions, private sector operators and space-based observing networks test footer 4
Production chain with WIGOS: interoperability Basic data from: Observations Experiments Process description Input information Output from other science disciplines or services IA, socio-economics Core Services Core information Model calculations integrating basic data and process knowledge Downstream Services data policy User customized information (user products) The public specialized operational users Other branches of research or innovation National weather, marine climate emergencies, pollution
Joerg Klausen, MeteoSwiss 6
Joerg Klausen, MeteoSwiss 7
OSCAR «Recipe»: Instructions 1. Develop standard for WIGOS metadata WMDS 2. Build Application for registration and management of metadata incl. machine-to-machine interfaces to external metadata sources 3. Build a module to translate observation metadata into «Capabilities» 4. Integrate an (existing) application to specify and manage «Requirements» 5. Build an application to compare the two (Gap) Analysis 6. Use the results of your analysis 7. Repeat regularly RRR Presidents of Technical Commissions 29-31 January 2015, WMO Geneva J. Klausen, B. Calpini, and project teams Metadata & Analysis of Observing Systems Observing Systems Surface Requirements (Gap) Analysis Capabilities OSCAR Observing Systems Space Societal Impact Guidance for Action Improved services for society 8
Interoperability of observations from traditional and cosponsored WMO systems atmospheric chemistry in OSCAR WIS
Atmospheric chemistry in OSCAR GAWSIS Migration of existing database (one-time integration) into OSCAR Management by users through UI Integration of WOUDC, WDCGG, WDCA, WRDC, EMEP metadata (weekly) GAWSIS provides for GAW a searchable data base of site descriptions, measurements programs and data available, contact people, bibliographic references test footer 10
Greg Carmichael 11
GAW programme issues global decrease in stratospheric ozone - increase in surface ultraviolet radiation, summer smog over many cities including the developing countries. Increased ozone background in the northern troposphere; increase in greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere and associated climate change; acid rain and eutrophication of surface waters and other natural ecosystems by atmospheric deposition; enhanced aerosol and photooxidant levels due to biomass burning and other agricultural activity; increase in fine particles in regions of industrial development and population growth - reduction in visibility, increase in human health effects; and long range transport of air pollution to regions far from the industrial activity test footer 12
WMO CASXV Incheon Republic of Korea 18-25 November 2009 14
GAW Global CO 2 network WMO GHG Bulletin No 10 6.11.2014 15
Development of the total amount of data in WDCGG Increase of Archived Data Other Gases Isotopes H₂ SO₂ Nitrogen Oxides VOCs CO O₃ Halocarbons & SF₆ N₂O CH₄ CO₂ 10 3 Progress of the Utilization 150 120 90 60 30 10 3 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 As of 2010 November Accumulated FTP Download Counts 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 0 2007-09 2007-11 2008-01 2008-03 2008-05 2008-07 2008-09 2008-11 2009-01 2009-03 2009-05 2009-07 2009-09 2009-11 2010-01 2010-03 2010-05 2010-07 2010-09 2010-11 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Covering Grid Number of Archived Data CO₂ Number of Grids Distribution of the Fixed Stations and Mobile Platforms 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 27-29 April 2011, OPAG-EPAC JSC, Geneva
ADVANCE RESEARCH AND IMPROVE SERVICES Greenhouse Gas Bulletin 7/2011
Total ozone series of Arosa. Long-term changes small Ozonesonde stations WOUDC, NDACC, SHADOZ NOAA NILU Archives: - Different formats and information. - Progress underway Homogenisation of (ECC) series Umkehr: Work in progress
South Pole: CO = 49 ± 14 ppb)
ADVANCE RESEARCH AND IMPROVE SERVICES
Science advance German Meteorological Service 100.00 Hohenpeissenberg Meteorological Observatory SO 2 Zeitreihen an verschiedenen GAW-Stationen Kosetice (Tschechische Republik) 10.00 Leba (Polen) Zoseni (Lettland) MOHp SO2 (ppb) 1.00 0.10 Jungfraujoch (Schweiz) Zugspitze Zeppelinfjellet (Norwegen) 0.01 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 0.00 Source: Stefan Gilge SAG reactive gases 21
Scales in space and time Annual anthropogenic NOx emissions urban focus tons NO2 yr-1 per 0.1 0.1 grid cell 200 (edgar db) Cooper OR, Parrish DD, Ziemke J, Balashov NV, et al. (2014) Global distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone: An observation-based review. Elem. Sci. Anth. 2: 000029. doi:10.12952/journal.elementa.000029 http://www.elementascience.org/article/info:doi/10.12952/journal.elementa.000029
Interoperability of observations from traditional and cosponsored WMO systems atmospheric chemistry in OSCAR WIS
million annual premature deaths linked to air pollution WHO 2014) Outdoor air pollution-caused deaths breakdown by disease: 40% ischaemic heart disease; 40% stroke; 11% chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); 6% - lung cancer; 3% acute lower respiratory infections in children. Indoor air pollution-caused deaths breakdown by disease: 34% - stroke; 26% - ischaemic heart disease; 22% - COPD; 12% - acute lower respiratory infections in children; 6% - lung cancer.
Loss in life expectancy attributable to anthropogenic PM2.5 [months] (IIASA) 2000 2010 2020 Loss in average statistical life expectancy due to identified anthropogenic PM2.5, average of calculations for 1997, 1999, 2000 & 2003 meteorologies
https://www.google.no/search?q=global+pollution+emissions&num=20&client=ubuntu&hs=ryg&channel=fs&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=x&ei=zp RIVevsAcGpsAGBmYHoAQ&ved=0CHIQ7Ak&biw=1280&bih=845#imgrc=4JmlVk3fkoubmM%253A%3BArhrYK6uJkTgMM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252 Fwww.skepticalscience.com%252Fpics%252FSO2- emissions.png%3bhttp%253a%252f%252fdialoguesonglobalwarming.blogspot.com%252f2014%252f07%252f30000-challenge-submission-cleanair-act.html%3b751%3b500
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WIGOS and OSCAR in support of GAW Greg Carmichael 29
Thank you for your attention Øystein Hov Norwegian Meteorological Institute PO Box 43 Blindern 0313 Oslo, Norway Oystein.hov@met.no www.wmo.int